Record 1 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effects of environmental factors. OT: Ayuehunzi guanghe texing jiqi yingxiang yinzi de yanjiu. AU: Lu-Bingshe; Bai-Zhiying SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica (China). Yuanyi Xuebao (China). (Oct 1999). v. 26(5) p. 287-290. LA: Zh (Chinese) AN: 2001-031791 Record 2 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Estimation of leaf area by non-destructive methods in three iranian pistachio species (Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica, Pistacia khinjuk subsp. oblonga and Pistacia khinjuk subsp. populifolia). AU: Ranjbar,-A.; Damme,-P.-van SO: Mededelingen-Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen-Universiteit-Gent (Belgium). (1999). v. 64(2) p. 49-56. LA: En (English) ENAB: The length of midrib and the maximum width of lamina (for all leaflets of each leaf) of 180 leaves Pistacia khinjuk subsp. populifolia, Pistacia khinjuk subsp. oblonga and Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica (60 leaves from each subspecies) were used to develop non-destructive leaf area prediction models. Most models exhibited very significant predictive ability as shown by R2 values which ranged 0.88-0.98. However, a number of models were identified as being best suited for fieldwork and having good predictive value. These models combine leaf width and length according to [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] x (mu/4), [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] and (W1 + W2 + W3), where L1, L2, L3 are the length of the apical leafs midrib, the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the left and the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the right, respectively; and W1, W2, W3 are the maximum width of lamina for L1, L2 and L3 respectively. AN: 2001-007509 Record 3 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Water consumption and irrigation of pistachio in Harran plain. OT: GAP bolgesi Harran ovasi kosullarinda antepfistiginin (Siirt cesidi) su tuketiminin ve sulama programinin belirlenmesi. AU: Bilgel,-L.; Dagdeviren,-I.; Nacar,-S. CA: 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Ankara (Turkey). 14-17 Sep 1999. SO: Celik,-H.; Halloran,-N.; Marasali,-B.; Demir,-I.; Soylemezoglu,-G.; Demir,-K.; Ilbay,-M.E.; Oktay,-Y. (Ankara Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). Div. of Horticulture). Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Turkiye 3. Ulusal Bahce Bitkileri Kongresi. Ankara (Turkey). Ankara University. Sep 1999. 1058 p. p. 252-257. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: The research was carried out with the aim of determination of irrigation interval, irrigation water amount and water consumption of pistachio on Harran plain. Also, it is targeted to determine on tree grown, fruit quality and periodisity of irrigation. Various anallysis results shows no difference between trial subjects as statistically. So less water application subject is recommended. As a result, pistachio is irrigated 3 times 45 days interval all season. Irrigation is started first weeks of June and lasted first weeks of September. Seasonal irrigation water is 450 mm and water consumption is 600 mm. AN: 2001-004305 Record 4 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Determination of the most maturation temperature harvest time and suitability of mechanical harvest on some pistachio cultivars. OT: Bazi antepfistigi cesitlerinin hasat zamaninin saptamasi ve makinali hasatin uygulanabilme durumunun arastirilmasi. AU: Atli,-H.S.; Arpaci,-S.; Akgun,-A. Ozguven, A.I.; Ozguven,-F. CA: 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Ankara (Turkey). 14-17 Sep 1999. SO: Celik,-H.; Halloran,-N.; Marasali,-B.; Demir,-I.; Soylemezoglu,-G.; Demir,-K.; Ilbay,-M.E.; Oktay,-Y. (Ankara Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). Div. of Horticulture). Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Turkiye 3. Ulusal Bahce Bitkileri Kongresi. Ankara (Turkey). Ankara University. Sep 1999. 1058 p. p. 248-251. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: This study was carried out to determine the degree-day requirement and most suitable time of harvesting and suitability of mechanical harvest on some pistachio cultivars at Gaziantep between 1996-1998. The nuts of cultivars were harvested at five different harvest times. The weight of 100 nuts, the splitting, kernel percentage and total fat percentage were determined. The date of the maximum fat content and kernel percentage were determined for each cultivar. Using the method of Celik at al. (1995) and average temperature over 12 deg C, the number of degree days from bloom to the optimal harvesting time was calculated. Optimal harvest time was 3607 day-degree for Kirmizi, 3797 day-degree for Uzun, 4106 day-degree for Siirt and Ohadi, 4405 day-degree for Kellekoci. Harvest made with branch shaker and 16 trees (1 ha) were harvested in an hour. The suitability of mechanical harvesting was determined of Uzun, Siirt and Ohadi varieties. The best suitable variety was Uzun and followed by Siirt, Ohadi varieties respectively. AN: 2001-004304 Record 5 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [The common pistachio [Pistacia vera L.]]. OT: Il pistacchio [Pistacia vera L.]. AU: Caruso,-T.; Sottile,-F. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (3-9 Dec 1999). v. 55(48) p. 59-64. LA: It (Italian) AN: 2001-000577 Record 6 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [The phytophagouses of common pistachio [Pistacia vera L. - Sicily]]. OT: I fitofagi del pistacchio [Pistacia vera L. - Sicilia]. AU: Greco,-F.; Nucifora,-S. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (18-24 Jun 1999). v. 55(26) p. 65-71. LA: It (Italian) AN: 2000-062161 Record 7 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effects of environmental factors. OT: Ayuehunzi guanghe texing jiqi yingxiang yinzi de yanjiu. AU: Lu-Bingshe; Bai-Zhiying SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica (China). Yuanyi Xuebao (China). (Oct 1999). v. 26(5) p. 287-290. LA: Zh (Chinese) AN: 2000-039206 Record 8 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The control against Teleiodes decorella Haworth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) growing on Mt. Etna. Pt.2. OT: La difesa del pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.) dall' attacco di Teleiodes decorella Haworth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) nell' area del massiccio etneo. Pt.2. AU: Greco,-F.; Nucifora,-S. SO: Tecnica-Agricola (Italy). (Oct-Dec 1998). v. 51(4) p. 31-37. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: In this paper is briefly referred about phytosanitary control of pistachio groves, with particular attention at the problem by Teleiodes decorella Haworth. It is also referred of experimental tests, which were carried out in order to ascertain the most suitable period for phytosanitary treatments against T. decorella, employing a number of active ingredients, some of which possessing ecocompatible action. Acephate, carbaryl, diazinone and diflubenzuron (with a chitin-inhibiting action)achieved excellent results if employed at the phenological stage when buds appear to be elongated, with unspread leaves, set together candle flame-like; when leaves spread, all tested molecules achieved positive results. AO: Gli AA riferiscono brevemente sulla problematica inerente la difesa fitosanitaria nella pistacchicoltura del massiccio etneo, con particolare riferimento a Teleiodes decorella Haworth. Allo scopo di valutare l'epoca piu' idonea per l'esecuzione di interventi fitosanitari contro T. decorella, e' stata inoltre condotta una prova sperimentale, utilizzando diversi principi attivi, di cui alcuni ad azione ecocompatibile. Acephate, carbaryl, diazinone e diflubenzuron (ad azione chitino-inibitrice) hanno fornito esiti soddisfacenti, impiegati nella fase fenologica di gemme allungate con foglie non distese, accostate a fiamma di candela; a foglie distese, tutte le molecole in prova hanno fornito risposte positive. AN: 2000-034540 Record 9 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Relationship between shell discoloration of pistachio nuts and incidence of fungal decay and insect infestation. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J.; SO: Plant-disease. (1999). Mar 1999. v. 83 (3) p. 259-264. LA: En (English) ENAB: Shell discoloration of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts collected from commercial orchards and processing plants was related to fungal decay and insect infestation of the kernel. Nuts with ruptured hulls (early split nuts and nuts with cracked hulls) varied considerably in the amount of shell discoloration, ranging from none to extensive. For both types of hull rupture, as shell discoloration increased, kernel decay also increased. Nuts with no discoloration had little or no fungal decay and navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) infestation. Processed nuts with an oily-shell appearance had the highest incidences of fungal decay and navel orangeworm infestation; nuts with a crinkled shell, nuts with extensive dark brown discoloration, and nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration along the suture had relatively high levels of decayed and infested kernels; while nuts with yellow discoloration, nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration not along the suture, and nuts with no discoloration had little or no decay and infestation. Also, as shell discoloration of processed nuts increased, kernel decay increased. Our results suggest that shell characteristics may be used by processors to identify poor quality nuts and to improve the quality of pistachio nuts sold to consumers. AN: 2000-029196 Record 10 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: First report of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) on pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Holtz,-B.A.; Michailides,-T.J.; Ferguson,-L.; Hancock,-J.G.; Weinhold,-A.R.; SO: Plant-disease. (1996). Nov 1996. v. 80 (11) p. 1303. LA: En (English) AN: 2000-029106 Record 11 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The mechanism of foliar zinc absorption in pistachio and walnut. AU: Zhang,-Q.; Brown,-P.H.; SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. (1999). May 1999. v. 124 (3) p. 312-317. LA: En (English) ENAB: The characteristics and mechanisms of foliar Zn uptake and translocation in pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.) were investigated using (68)Zn labelling in both intact and detached leaves. Following washing, mature walnut and pistachio leaves retained 8% and 12% of the total Zn applied, respectively. About half of retained Zn (3.5% and 6.5% of total Zn respectively) was absorbed into the leaf and translocated outside the treated area. Leaf age affected the Zn absorption capacity of pistachio but not walnut. Immature pistachio leaves absorbed more Zn than mature leaves. The absorption of Zn by walnut leaves at high concentrations (7.5 to 15 mM Zn) was not significantly affected by the pH of the solution. In pistachio Zn absorption was greatest at pH 3.5 and declined as pH increased to 8.5. The uptake process was not affected by light or addition of metabolic inhibitors. Foliar leaf absorption was only slightly affected by changes in temperature with an average Q(10) of 1.2 to 1.4. This study suggests that foliar Zn uptake is dominated by an ion exchange and/or diffusion process rather than an active one. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of stable isotope labelling in studies of foliar Zn absorption. AN: 2000-028570 Record 12 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees. AU: Vemmos,-S.N.; SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition. (1999). 1999. v. 22 (8) p. 1291-1301. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effect of fruiting on mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in pistachio (Pistachia vera L., cv. Aegenes) was studied in two experimental years (1990 and 1992). Nutrient concentrations were measured in leaves and flower buds on fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees at two week intervals from leaf emergence until the flower bud abscission of fruiting trees was complete. The results showed that the presence of fruit significantly increased the leaf concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) throughout the whole period of measurement and that of nitrogen (N) only until the commencement of seed growth (in June). In contrast, fruit decreased leaf concentrations of potassium (K) (throughout the whole period) and that of N (after the commencement of seed growth and high rates of bud abscission). Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) concentrations in leaves were not influenced by fruit. The results for flower buds were similar to those for leaves for the nutrients K, Mg, Mn, and Ca, while P, Zn, and Fe tended to be higher in buds of fruiting trees. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in buds of fruiting trees. AN: 2000-028513 Record 13 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Pistachio Tree and its Characteristics. AU: Ibrahim,-H.I.; Kardoush,-M.; Al-Rayes,-R. SO: Damascus (Syria). ACSAD. 1998. 162 p. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: This study includes details about pistchio tree in Syria and the Arab world where it relates the economic and nutritional importance of pistachio as well as its industrial and medicinal use. This publication contains details about the origin of this tree and the planting zones in the world. The study includes the a detailed taxonomy with photos and tables. The last chapter includes the propagation, pruning, fertilization and marketing of pistachio. AN: 1999-086206 Record 14 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [Effects of gamma irradiation on the biochemical properties of walnut and pistachio nut in Syria. First phase:just after irradiation]. AU: Othman,-I.; Karajoli,-M.; Mousa,-A. SO: Aalam-Al-Zarra (Syria). (1998). (no.54) p. 76-78. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 1999-081744 Record 15 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The effects of aminoacid chelate leaf fertilizers on the yield, quality and shoot development on kirmizi cultivar pistachio. OT: Aminoasit kleyti yaprak gubresi uygulamalarinin kirmizi antepfistigi cesidinde meyve verim ve kalitesi ile surgun gelisimi uzerine etkileri. AU: Okay,-V.; Erdogan,-V.; Ayfer,-M.; Aktas,-M. SO: Journal-of-Aegean-Agricultural-Research-Institute (Turkey). Anadolu. (1997). v. 7(2) p. 109-120. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: In this study, the effects of a commercial leaf fertilizer in aminoacid chelate form is observed on fruit yield, fruit quality and shoot development of kirmizi cultivar pistachio. It is observed that leaf fertilizer application has increased the mineral contents of the leaves. Especially in the control trees with calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc deficiency, it is observed that leaf fertilizer has increased the amounts of these minerals. The most distinctive effects of aminoacid chelate leaf fertilizer was observed on fruit size, split shell proportion, profit and the number of fruit bud. AN: 1999-081127 Record 16 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Fruit set and some fruit traits of Pistachio cultivars grown under rainfed conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: This research was conducted at Ceylanpinar State Farm. In this farm there are different Pistachio cultivars such as Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Mumtaz, Vahidi, etc. Five trees of each cultivar were selected during "on" years. Four fruiting branches were selected at different sides of the tree. In these branches, the first two clusters were harvested totalling eight clusters per tree. Fruit number, fruit weight, fruit number per cluster, and percentage of dehiscence, blank and filled nuts were determined. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075764 Record 17 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Vigour and juvenile stage in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas,-F.J.; Romero,-M.A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Observations on vigour (trunk diameter 2, 3 and 4 years after planting) and on juvenile period (presence of flower buds 4 years after planting) in 1,626 pistachio seedlings from 30 controlled crosses between 9 female and 12 male cultivars were made. A highly significant correlation was found between vigour data corresponding to different years. The correlation coefficients were 0.83 (2-3 years), 0.75 (2-4 years) and 0.93 (3-4 years). These results showed the possibility to select for vigour when the trees are only two years old. Significant differences between families have been observed regarding vigour. Progenies "Mateur" x "Tunez" and "Mateur" x "C" showed high vigour and "Larnaka" x "M-38" and "Larnaka" x "M-502" showed reduced vigour. Referring to parents, seedlings derived from "Mateur" (female) and "C" (male) stood out, while derivatives of "Larnaka" (female) showed less vigour. Considerable differences between families were observed in relation to the juvenile period. Regarding number of trees showing flower buds 4 years after planting, the following families stood out: "Larnaka" x "B", "Batoury" x "C", "Mateur" x "C", "Kerman" x "M-11" and "Kerman" x "M-36". Concerning female parents, especially "Kerman" but also "Batoury" and "Mateur" were outstanding. The males "B", "C", "M-502" and "Peters" were also interesting parents for this character. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075729 Record 18 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In this experiment, the effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees were investigated. Zero (Control), 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm doses of paclobutrazol were used in this work. According to the outcome of this experiment the time and period of flowering increased parallel to the increase in the doses starting from 500 ppm. In addition, the germination of pollen and shoot growths were determined. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075727 Record 19 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Photosynthetic characteristics of six Pistachio cultivars. AU: De-Palma,-L. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: For the female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars "Bianca", "Kerman", "Larnaka" and "Red Aleppo" and the male cultivars "Ask" and "Peter", the following parameters were assessed by means of a portable infrared gas analyser: net carbon dioxide assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic photon flux, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. The two male genotypes, characterized by high stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and by high to medium net CO2 uptake, were separated from the other cultivars by principal component analysis. As for female cultivars, "Larnaka" and "Bianca" showed the highest and the lowest rate of carbon assimilation, respectively, "Kerman" and "Red Aleppo" were very close to each other. Moreover, "Larnaka" achieved the best compromise between assimilation and transpiration rates, as indicated by its higher water use efficiency. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075725 Record 20 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Effects of pollen of different Pistacia spp. on the protein and oil content in pistachio nut. AU: Ak,-B.E.; Kaska,-N. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In this experiment, the effects of P. vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus pollen on Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Bilgen and Vahidi pistachio varieties which were grown at Ceylanpinar State Farm were investigated. In these investigations, orchard experiments were done in 1989 and in 1990 growing seasons, the fruit analyses were completed in 1991 at the University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture's laboratories. The obtained results, effects of various types of pollen on the oil and protein contents of the nuts did not seem stable. However, Kirmizi, Bilgen and Vahidi cultivars have higher oil and protein contents. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075568 Record 21 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Impact of some factors on dehiscence and production of empty fruits in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). OT: Impact de certains facteurs sur la dehiscence et la production des fruits vides chez le pistachier Pistacia vera L. AU: Oukabli,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) FRAB: La dehiscence de l' endocarpe chez le pistache est un caractere recherche. Son importance est sous la dependance de plusieurs facteurs. La nature genetique du materiel vegetal est en relation directe avec la dehiscence. Les quantites de froid offertes durant le repos vegetatif des arbres du pistachier semblent avoir un effet sur l' importance de la dehiscence des fruits du pistachier cv. Mateur. La reponse varietale a ce facteur epouse la meme tendance. La nature du pollen influence la production de fruits dehiscents. Celle des porte-greffes issus de semis de Pistacia atlantica a un effet sur ce caractere egalement. Ces facteurs semblent agir en relation et la determination de l' impact de chacun n' est pas aisee. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075403 Record 22 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Characterization of pistachio cultivars using isozymes. AU: Rovira,-M.; Batlle,-I.; Romero,-M.; Vargas,-F.J. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Leaf samples of 55 pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars from 13 countries were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to study isoenzymatic variability for seven isoenzyme systems: aconitase (ACO), esterase (EST), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD). Polymorphism was observed in five of them (ACO, EST, GPI, PGM and SKD). GPI showing 8 different phenotypes was the most useful for the characterization of cultivars. Twelve different combinations for female cultivars and 2 for male cultivars were found. Two female cultivars ("Bianca" and "Red Jalap") and 4 male types ("A", "C-Especial", "M-P3" and "M-P9") were identified as being of hybrid origin. No pattern of geographic distribution of isozyme variation in this species was observed. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075187 Record 23 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Suitability of some selected and fast growing P. atlantica, Desf. types as pistachio nut rootstock. AU: Kafkas,-S.; Kaska,-N. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In Turkey there are approximately 40 million pistachio nut trees growing in dry, rainfed soils. Most of these trees are budded on P. vera, L. seedlings. Since the irrigation of the Harran Plain (Sanliurfa in the GAP region) started in 1996 there are projects to grow pistachio nuts in irrigated lands as in California and Iran. In this case the rootstock problem arises. To solve this problem research on suitable rootstock was started. In this paper 6 P. atlantica, Desf. types selected from Southern, Central and Western Anatolia will be presented. After testing their viability and germination rates, the seeds of the selected P. atlantica, Desf. were first scarified with H2SO4 and then they were sown either directly or after treating with GA3 or after stratification. Growth and development were studied in the seedlings and budding stages were checked by measuring the stem diameters. According to the results obtained, AT-4502 and AT-7001 were found the most suitable material among the other selected ones from the germination and growth rates view points. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075186 Record 24 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: In vitro organogenesis of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from zygote embryos of leaves. OT: Organogenese in vitro du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur a partir de feuilles d' embryons zygotiques. AU: Chatibi,-A.; Kchouk,-M.L.; Zemni,-H.; Ghorbel,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Les premiers essais de culture in vitro du pistachier se sont surtout interesses aux Pistacia sauvages car la culture in vitro de Pistacia vera L. s' est averee assez delicate. Recemment, une methode de multiplication du pistachier a partir de cotyledons a permis d' obtenir une centaine de plants acclimates. Dans le present travail, nous nous sommes interesses a l' ensemble des feuilles issues d' embryons zygotiques cultives in vitro, et ce, afin d' elargir le champ d' action a un plus grand nombre d' explants juveniles par graine. Les resultats montrent que les plants issus de l' organogenese foliaire se comportent de maniere identique a ceux obtenus par organogenese cotyledonaire. Toutefois, les plants obtenus etant genotypiquement comparables aux plants de semis, ils pourraient etre utilises a defaut comme porte-greffes. Par ailleurs, a l' inverse des cotyledons, et outre les plants obtenus, on a constate une grande diversite de cals qui pourraient etre utilises pour l' embryogenese somatique et eventuellement pour l' isolement de protoplastes. Ainsi, la culture in vitro du pistachier a partir de materiel foliaire juvenile ouvre de larges horizons a la multiplication et a l' amelioration de cette culture. A ce propos, l' hybridation somatique de protoplastes serait une technique de choix pour le croisement de cultivars femelles et l' association de caracteres agronomiques particuliers. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-074547 Record 25 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. OT: Microgreffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi,-A.; Kchouk,-M.L.; Mliki,-A.; Ghorbel,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Pistacia vera L. presente des difficultes de bouturage, de greffage et meme de transplantation. De plus, l' entree en production de cette culture est assez tardive (huit a dix ans). Pourtant, le pistachier possede des facultes d' adaptation varietale peu communes car il supporte divers sols (acides, calcaires, gypseux), de faibles pluviometries et pousse a des altitudes allant du niveau de la mer jusqu' a plus de 1000 m. La culture in vitro du pistachier vrai s' est elle-meme heurtee a diverses difficultes, et ce, malgre les recents travaux entrepris au laboratoire qui ont permis de surmonter un grand nombre d' entre elles, et en particulier, de produire massivement le pistachier a partir de cotyledons et de feuilles in vitro. Toutefois, les plants ainsi obtenus sont comparables aux plants de semis. Ainsi, afin de produire massivement des plants identiques au cultivar d' origine, nous nous sommes interessees a la technique de microgreffage in vitro et ex vitro du cv. Mateur. Les resultats montrent que les pourcentages de succes ont ete plus eleves lorsque les greffons proviennent de vitropousses issues d' apex meristematiques in vitro et cultivees sur le milieu Zygotic (Ra-Z) contenant 1,0 mg l-1 de BAP, 0,2 mg l-1 AIB et 0,05 mg l-1 ANA. Ces greffons doivent etre greffes en fente sur des porte-greffes de 0,2-0,3 cm de diametre, issus de semis cultives en serre. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-074546 Record 26 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Current situation of research into the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). AU: Couceiro,-J.F.; Coronado,-J.M.; Mendiola,-M.A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Since 1987 the CMA (Agricultural Improvement Centre) El Chaparrillo has conducted different activities to determine the real possibilities of adapting the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) to the region of Castilla-La Mancha. During the ten-year period, the initial interesting theoretical expectations regarding its introduction have been confirmed in the experimental plots with studies on phenology, propagation, production, etc. In the region, there has been a significant and steady rise in farmers' interest in the crop. This was demonstrated by the fact that over the last two years almost 200 ha of Pistacia terebinthus L. have been sown in regular plantations, on which Kerman, Napoletana, Peter and 02-18 cultivars will be grafted in the next two years. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-073638 Record 27 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Introduction of Pistachio Research and Application Centre founded at University of Harran. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: On 8 April 1996 the Pistachio Research and Application Centre was founded at the University of Harran, in Sanliurfa. Sanliurfa has a very important position at GAP region (Southern Anatolia Project) in Turkey. It is also a very important centre for pistachio cultivation. In this paper the following questions will be answered: Why the Pistachio Research and Application Centre is founded in Sanliurfa and at Harran University? What are the objectives, duties and proposal projects to improve Pistachio Culture not only in Turkey but also in the world?. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-073637 Record 28 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson,-M.T.; Shackel,-K.A. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1998). v. 123(6) p. 1069-1075. LA: En (English) ENAB: Whole-tree effects of alternate bearing on the reproductive growth, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio (scion Pistacia vera L., rootstock Pistacia atlantica Desf.) were examined. Although it is generally accepted that the "off" year in pistachio may be used to accumulate carbohydrate reserves, it was found that starch and sugars from the "off" year equaled only 8% of the construction cost of the "on" year's fruit load. The dry mass increase in perennial woody tissue of roots, trunk and branches in the "off" year (20.2 kg/tree), was 75% of the mass of fruit in "on" trees (26.4 kg/tree). When construction cost of wood and fruit is considered, "off" year woody tissue growth is 64% of "on" year fruit growth. Since previous studies have shown that leaf dry mass is generally 30% greater in "off" than "on" pistachio trees, we conclude that the overall production of biomass in "off" and "on' year pistachio is similar. Therefore, we suggest that the "off" year is not a period of substantial storage carbohydrate accumulation, but rather a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. This is consistent with ecologically based theories of the adaptive advantage of masting behavior, and suggests that withholding water and fertilizer during the "off" year may not harm "on" year yield. AN: 1999-067738 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 29 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Fruiting and shading effects on metabolic heat rates of inflorescence buds, current-year, and one-year-old shoots of 'Kerman" pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Breidenbach,-R.W. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1998). v. 123(6) p. 961-966. LA: En (English) ENAB: Isothermal microcalorimetric measurements of metabolic heat rates of 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) individual inflorescence buds, current-year and 1-year-old shoots were used to investigate the roles of current and reserve photosynthates in the abscission of inflorescence buds. In the early stages of development metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds were two and three times those of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots respectively. Individual shoot organs (1-year-old shoots, current-year shoots, and inflorescence buds) sampled from "on" trees had higher metabolic heat rates than similar individual organs sampled from "off" trees. Artificial shading of pistachio trees for 14 days in early June depressed metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds within 24 h, but there was a delay of 4 days before the decline in metabolic heat rates of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots. This suggests that metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds apparently depended on currently fixed photosynthates. AN: 1999-067737 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 30 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Determination of aflatoxin levels in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescence detection. AU: Pearson,-S.M.; Candlish,-A.A.G.; Aidoo,-K.E.; Smith,-J.E. SO: Biotechnology-Techniques (United Kingdom). (1999). v. 13(2) p. 97-99. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-056514 Record 31 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [Preliminary study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) and its associated natural enemies in some regions of Syria]. OT: dira:sat> ' awwaliyat> 3ala h"as"arat> basi:la: al-fustuq al-h"alabiy Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) wa-' a3da:' iha: al-h' ayawi:yat> fi: ba3d* al-mana:t*iq al-su:riyyat>. AU: Lababidi,-M.S.; Zebitz,-C.P. SO: Maj"allat>-wiqa:yat>-al-naba:t-al-3arabiyyat> (Lebanon). Arab Journal of Plant Protection. (1995). v. 13(2) p. 62-68. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: An ecological study was conducted, during 1994, on the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) in four regions in Syria. The percentage of infestation with the pest had reached 100 in all regions but at different times; as 100 infestation was reached on May 1st, July 10, July 24 and August 7 in Al-Muselmiya, Jarablus, Al-Bab and Morek, respectively. The pest occured between the 1st week of April to the end of October with a peak abundance during the 1st week of May in Al-Muselmiya, 4th week in Al-Bab, 3rd week in Jarablus and the 4th in Morek, respectively. Pistachio psyllid overwintered as adults under bark and in cervices of pistachio trees for 5 month, from the end of October to the end of March. Many beneficial insects were found in pistachio orchards in Syria, as natural enemies of A. targionii. The 4th and 5th nymph instars were attacked by a dipteran endoparasitoid. Rate of parasitism ranged from 1.2 to 85 in all regions under field conditions. AN: 1999-052254 Record 32 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Effect of thidiazuron on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio embryos. AU: Vatanpour,-A.; Villiers,-T.A. SO: Davey,-M.R.; Alderson,-P.G.; Lowe,-K.C.; Power,-J.B. (eds.). Tree biotechnology: towards the millennium. Nottingham (United Kingdom). Nottingham University Press. 1998. p. 155-161. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-039748 Record 33 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Carbohydrate content of inflorescent buds of defruited and fruiting pistachio (Pistacia vera L) branches in relation to biennial bearing. AU: Vemmos,-S.N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology (United Kingdom). (1999). v. 74(1) p. 94-100. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-030507 Record 34 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from roasted pistachio nuts. AU: Palazoglu,-T.K.; Balaban,-M.O. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1998). v. 41(3) p. 679-684. LA: En (English) ENAB: Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6, and 34.5 MPa and temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 degrees C with ethanol (0, 5, and 10 wt%) as entrainer. Highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60 degrees C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data was analyzed by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature did not affect the extraction yield Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concentration had a curvilinear effect. The following equation adequately represented the experimental data (r2 = 0.94): % Yield = 52.14 + 9.707 x P + 21.164 x EtOH - 11.049 x EtOH2. The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO2 at 34.5 MPa and 60 degrees C was 5 times higher in case of 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO2 alone (0.27 wt%). Difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavor intensity following SC-CO2 extraction. AN: 1999-026195 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 35 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Host acceptance by Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) an endoparasitoid of common pistachio psylla. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R.; Copland,-M.J.W. CA: The 6th European Congress of Entomology. Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). 23-29 Aug 1998. SO: Book of Abstracts 2. Proceedings of the 6th European Congress of Entomology. Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). Jihoceska Univerzita. 1998. v. 2: 332 p. (UZLK C 34.771/6/2) p. 564. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-020946 Record 36 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Alternate bearing affects nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and starch storage pools in mature pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance,-R.C.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Brown,-P.H. SO: Annals-of-Botany (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 82(4) p. 463-470. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-010713 Record 37 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Multi-structure neural networks (MSNN) for classification of pistachio nuts. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J. SO: Win 1994. 16 p. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-007000 Record 38 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Tzoutzoukou,-C.G.; Pontikis,-C.A.; Tolia-Marioli,-A. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 73(4) p. 517-526. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-093645 Record 39 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Fatty acid oxidation of pistachio nuts stored under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. AU: Maskan,-M.; Karatas,-S. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 77(3) p. 334-340. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-093440 Record 40 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Selection of pistachio varieties adapted to the Northern Mediterranean region]. OT: Selection de varietes de pistachier adaptees a l' aire nord mediterraneenne. AU: Vargas,-F.J.; Romero,-M.A.; Monastra,-F.; Mendes-Gaspar,-A.; Rouskas,-D. SO: Germain,-E. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon (France). Unite de Recherches sur les Especes Fruitieres et la Vigne). Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Zaragoza (Spain). Institut Agronomique Mediterraneen; Commission Europeenne, Bruxelles (Belgium). Direction Generale Agriculture. [Breeding of nut species: walnuts, almonds, pistachios]. Amelioration d' especes a fruits a coque : noyer, amandier, pistachier. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1997. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Dans le cadre du projet CAMAR CT 90-0023 finance par l' Union Europeenne (1991-1995) le comportement de differentes varietes de pistachier a ete etudie en Espagne, en Grece, en Italie et au Portugal. Parallelement, des prospections ont ete realisees en Grece. Elles ont permis de preselectionner quelques types interessants. Cet article rassemble des informations sur 66 varietes (39 femelles et 27 males, originaires de 11 pays differents) : 53 sont en phase assez avancee de caracterisation et 13 dans leurs premieres annees d' etudes. Les caracteres agronomiques et commerciaux importants etudies sont : l' epoque de floraison, la vigueur, la periode juvenile, la productivite et divers caracteres du fruit (poids, rendement en amande, dehiscence, dimensions et forme). Pour toutes ces caracteristiques, de grandes differences ont ete observees entre varietes. AN: 1998-092590 Record 41 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Pistachio propagation]. OT: La multiplication du pistachier. AU: Aleta,-N.; Ninot,-A.; Rouskas,-D.; Zakinthinos,-G.; Avanzato,-D.; Mendes-Gaspar,-A. SO: Germain,-E. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon (France). Unite de Recherches sur les Especes Fruitieres et la Vigne). Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Zaragoza (Spain). Institut Agronomique Mediterraneen; Commission Europeenne, Bruxelles (Belgium). Direction Generale Agriculture. [Breeding of nut species: walnuts, almonds, pistachios]. Amelioration d' especes a fruits a coque : noyer, amandier, pistachier. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1997. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Les recherches menees dans le cadre du projet europeen CT 90-0023 sur la multiplication du pistachier ont porte sur les aspects suivants : germination des semences, bouturage semi-ligneux, techniques de greffage et production de plants greffes en conteneur. Ces etudes ont ete realisees sur differentes especes du genre Pistacia utilisables commo porte-greffes : P. atlantica, P. integerrima, P. palestina, P. terebinthus et P. vera. La germination et sa rapidite sont nettement ameliorees, pour les especes P. integerrima, P. palestina, P. terebinthus et P. vera, avec une stratification des semences au froid humide (2-4 degres C) pendant 30 jours, avant leur mise en germination a 20 degres C. Il est possible d' obtenir des boutures de P. atlantica, P. integerrima et P. terebinthus, provenants de pieds-meres etioles et enracines sous brouillard. La production de plants greffes en conteneur permet d' obtenir plus de 50 pour cent de plants greffes de qualite, en utilisant les porte-greffes P. atlantica et P. palestina. Cette technique n' est pas conseillee si l' on emploie P. vera comme porte-greffe. Le manque de vigueur donne des plants non commercialisables en fin d' annee. Le "chip budding" est le type de greffe le mieux adapte a ces especes pour la production de plants en conteneur et en pepiniere. Realise en mai-juin avec des greffons a oeil dormant conserves au froid, il permet d' avoir un taux de reussite au greffage eleve bien que celui-ci depende de la vigueur des porte-greffes. AN: 1998-091613 Record 42 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Oil composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) from Turkey. OT: Oelzusammensetzung von tuerkischen Pistazien (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Yildiz,-M.; Guercan,-S.T.; Oezdemir,-M. CA: TUEBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze (Turkey). Food Science and Technology Research Inst. SO: Fett-Lipid (Germany). (1998). v. 100(3) p. 84-86. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-088751 Record 43 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae) germplasm based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. AU: Hormaza,-J.I.; Pinney,-K.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Economic-botany (USA). (Jan-Mar 1998). v. 52(1) p. 78-87. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-082086 Record 44 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Fusarium semitectum on pistachio nut. Pathogenic and morphological characteristics [Pistacia vera - Latium]. OT: Fusarium semitectum su pistacchio. Caratteri patogenetici e morfologici [Pistacia vera - Lazio]. AU: Nalli,-R.; Balmas,-V. SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico (Italy). (Jul-Aug 1997). v. 47(7-8) p. 16-18. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Fusarium semitectum has been found, for the first time in the world, as canker and wilt causal agent of the pistachio nut leaders. The pathogenicity of a monosporic isolate of the fungus was confirmed by artificial inoculation. A morphological study of the fungus was carried out in vitro. AO: [Per la prima volta, a livello mondiale, si e' riscontrato che Fusarium semitectum e' un agente di cancri e seccumi nei rami di pistacchio. La patogenicita' di un isolato monosporico del fungo e' stata confermata tramite inoculazione artificiale. E' stato condotto uno studio morfologico del fungo in vitro]. AN: 1998-072669 Record 45 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Etiological study of dieback and canker of Pistachio nut tree in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan,-S.M.; Abusaidi,-D. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology-[official-Journal-of-the-Iranian-Phythopathological-society] (Iran Islamic Republic). (1997). v. 33(1,2) p. 5. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 1998-072668 Record 46 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Seasonal changes in total nonstructural carbohydrates within branches and roots of naturally "off" and "on" 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Nishijima,-C. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1997). v. 122(6) p. 856-862. LA: En (English) ENAB: The objective of this investigation was to determine the dynamics of carbohydrate use as revealed by soluble sugar and starch concentration in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary scaffold branches and roots (less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter) of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) trees that were in their natural bearing cycles. Two hypotheses were tested. First, carbohydrate concentration is greater early in the growing season in organs examined from heavily cropping ("on") than light cropping ("off") trees. This hypothesis was affirmed as judged by soluble sugar and starch concentration in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary branches and roots of "on" compared to "off" trees. Second, carbohydrate concentration remains high in "on" tree organs as the first wave of inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurs early in the growing season. This hypothesis was also affirmed. In fact, soluble sugars and starch remained high in "on" trees through full bloom FB + 60 days (FB + 60) as inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurred. In the persisting "on" tree inflorescence buds, sharp decreases in soluble sugars and starch were evident by the final sample date when "off" tree inflorescence buds contained a 13 times greater concentration of soluble sugars and starch than "on" tree buds. At that time, "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 50% more dry mass than "on" tree inflorescence buds. After FB + 60, "on" tree soluble sugars and starch declined in all organs as nut growth occurred. During the same time period, organs of "off" trees began to accumulate greater concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and exceeded concentrations measured in organs of "on" trees. AN: 1998-059593 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 47 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Macronutrient allocation to leaves and fruit of mature, alternate-bearing pistachio trees: magnitude and seasonal patterns at the whole-canopy level. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Brown,-P.H.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Muraoka,-T.T. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1997). v. 122(2) p. 267-274. LA: En (English) ENAB: Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in six (three heavily cropping, on-year and three noncropping, off-year) mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L. 'Kerman') trees over three growing seasons during three stages of phenology [the spring growth flush (April to June); seed fill (late June to September); and leaf senescence (September to November)]. Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruit), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruit, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs, and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruit) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by a net decrease in the N and P contents of the pericarp. These decreases in pericarp nutrient content during seed fill were equivalent to 32% and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P, and K during the spring flush of "on" years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P, and K contents per tree. Net leaf N, Ca, and Mg resorption per tree during leaf senescence differed with crop load. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following "off" years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. AN: 1998-059589 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 48 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Leaf development, dry matter accumulation, and distribution within branches of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Nishijima,-C. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1997). v. 122(1) p. 31-37. LA: En (English) ENAB: We investigated the development of leaf area (LA) and the distribution of dry matter within branches of 25-year-old, alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees that were in their natural "on" (heavy) or "off" (light) bearing cycles to determine the immediate and delayed effects of fruiting on shoot growth. Compared to "off" trees, individual leaves of "on" trees were greater in number and expanded twice as fast during the first 30 days after full bloom (FB) (FB + 30). Mature, fully expanded leaves of "on" trees were smaller (124.1 +/- 3.26 cm2) than those from "off" tree (16.3 +/0 3.40 cm2), indicating delayed demands of fruiting on initial leaf growth. Total LA per current shoot was greater in "on" than "off" trees because shoots of "on" trees averaged eight leaves, compared with six for "off", trees. More inflorescence buds per shoot (seven vs. three buds) abscised from "on" than from "off" trees. About 60% of the young developing nuts had abscised by FB + 30 when they weighed < 250 mg each and another 25% abscised between FB + 30 and FB + 60 when individual nuts weighed approximately 400 mg. The average total dry mass (DM) of individual branches of "on" trees increased 1322% (5.9 to 83.9 g) compared to 598% (4.2 to 29.3 g) in "off" trees. Besides nuts, leaves accumulated the greatest amount of dry matter within individual branches followed in decreasing order by current wood, 1-year old wood, and inflorescence buds. DMs of individual leaves of "on" trees averaged between 15% and 48% greater than leaves of "off" trees. "Off" trees invested 4.6 g of dry matter into individual 1-year-old wood and 2.1 g into current wood. "On" trees, however, invested 1.3 g of dry matter into 1-year-old wood and 4.3 g of dry matter into current wood. One-year-old wood was an important major source of carbohydrates for developing leaves, current wood, rachises, and nuts. AN: 1998-059588 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 49 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Success with in vitro multiplication and rooting of Pistachio nut. AU: Olivier,-J.J. SO: Neltropika-Bulletin (South Africa). (Jan 1998). (no.299) p. 30-31. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-058055 Record 50 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using Fourier descriptors. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J.; Kusalik,-A.; Romaniuk,-M. SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-Engineering-Research (United Kingdom). (1997). v. 68(3) p. 247-252. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-053899 Record 51 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Recent informations on alternate bearing of pistachio [Pistacia vera, Italy]]. OT: Recenti acquisizioni sull' alternanza di produzione del pistacchio [Pistacia vera, Italia]. AU: Marra,-F.P.; Motisi,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Dec 1996). v. 58(12) p. 53-55. Received 1997. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: A review on alternate bearing in pistachio is reported. The specific causes of alternate bearing have not yet been determined, but it has been demonstrated that the presence of fruit greatly affects inflorescence bud abscission. Competions for carbohydrates and mineral elements seem to be involved, however a role of hormones cannot be excluded. Most recent Italian studies on alternate bearing are also reported, where the role of reserves in critical stages of vegetative season is shown. The need of adequate cultural practices, including mineral nutrition and irrigation, for the reduction of alternate bearing in Italian pistachio orchards is stressed. AO: Si riporta una rassegna sullo stato dell'arte della ricerca sull'alternanza di produzione nel pistacchio. Sebbene non sia ancora del tutto chiarita nei meccanismi, l'alternanza di produzione sembra essere il risultato di competizioni per i carboidrati e per gli elementi minerali. Non puo' comunque essere escluso un ruolo degli ormoni vegetali. Si riportano inoltre le piu' recenti acquisizioni della ricerca svolta in Italia sulle competizioni nutrizionali tra gli organi riproduttivi e vegetativi in relazione al fenomeno. Si evidenzia l'importante ruolo svolto dalle riserve sul bilancio complessivo della sostanza secca nella pianta in momenti particolarmente critici della stagione vegetativa. Dal punto di vista applicativo emerge l'importanza dell'adozione di pratiche colturali razionali, incluse l'irrigazione e la concimazione, anche nell'anno di scarica. AN: 1998-049794 Record 52 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Descriptors for pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)]. OT: Descripteurs du Pistachier (Pistacia vera L.). CA: Institut International des Ressources Phytogenetiques, Rome (Italy). SO: Rome (Italy). IPGRI. 1997. 53 p. LA: Fr (French) RE: Translation AN: 1998-037414 Record 53 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Descriptors for Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). CA: International Plant Genetic Resources Inst., Rome (Italy). SO: Rome (Italy). IPGRI. 1997. 51 p. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-037413 Record 54 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Maintaining quality of bulk-handled, unhulled pistachio nuts. AU: Thompson,-J.F.; Rumsey,-T.R.; Spinoglio,-M. SO: Applied-engineering-in-agriculture (USA). (Jan 1997). v. 13(1) p. 65-70. LA: En (English) ENAB: Laboratory studies revealed that staining of pistachio nut shells increases with increasing temperature and increasing holding times. Unhulled pistachio nuts varied in their susceptibly to staining. Some nuts can be held for more than 32 h at 40 degrees C without increases in shell staining, others are damaged after only 16 h. In solid-sided bulk trailers unhulled pistachio nuts were shipped to the processor with no average increase in shell staining. Nuts can cool in highway transport, particularly if they are shipped in pallet bins, mesh-sided trailers, or solid sided trailers with vent pipes. Highway transport can be a method of cooling nuts if processing equipment breakdowns cause hulling delays. AN: 1998-005643 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 55 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Evaluation of varieties of pistachio for resistance to the Psyllid insect Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Homoptera:Psyllidae) under field condition in Syria]. AU: Lababidi,-M.; Ammoneh,-H. SO: Bassel-Al-Assad-Journal-for-the-Sciences-of-Agricultural-Engineering (Syria). (Sep 1996). (no.2) p. 93-105. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 1998-001699 Record 56 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Pistacia chinensis: Chinese pistachio. AU: Anderson,-R. SO: Arbor-age (USA). (Aug 1997). v. 17(8) p. 28. LA: En (English) AN: 97-160498 Record 57 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effect of selected pistachio pollen on development and quality of pistachio nuts of three commercially grown cultivars. AU: Riazi,-G.; Rahemi,-M.; Khanizadeh,-S. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1996). v. 19(3/4) p. 635-641. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effect of pollen of two wild pistachio species (Pistacio atlantica and Pistacio mutica), two cultivated (Pistacio vera, cvs 'Momtaz' and 'Soltani') and a control (open pollinated) was compared on nut development and quality of three commercially grown cultivars (P. vera cvs. 'Owhadi', 'Kalleh-ghuchi', and 'Momtaz'). The pollen source had no effect on final fruit set and fruit weight. Pollen of wild pistachio species reduced kernel weight, number of split nuts, and increased percentages of blank nuts of three commercially grown pistachio cultivars. 'Owhadi' had the lowest nut weight and highest percentages of blank nuts. The highest percentages of split nut was observed on the cultivar 'Momtaz'. AN: 97-145418 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 58 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Sorption characteristics of whole pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Maskan,-M.; Karatas,-S. SO: Drying-technology (USA). (1997). v. 15(3/4) p. 1119-1139. LA: En (English) AN: 97-124700 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 59 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Allergy to pistachio: crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae. AU: Fernandez,-C.; Fiandor,-A.; Martinez-Garate,-A.; Martinez-Quesada,-J. SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy (United Kingdom). (1995). v. 25(12) p. 1254-1259. LA: En (English) AN: 97-113119 Record 60 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Grading pistachio nuts using a neural network approach. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J.; Kusalik,-A. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (Nov-Dec 1996). v. 39(6) p. 2319-2324. LA: En (English) ENAB: A multi-structure neural network (MSNN) classifier was proposed and applied to classify four varieties (classes) of pistachio nuts. The MSNN classifier consisted of four parallel discriminators (one per class), followed by a maximum selector. Each discriminator was a feed-forward neural network with two hidden layers and a single-neuron output layer. The discriminators were individually trained using physical attributes of the nuts extracted from their images as input. The performance of MSNN classifier was compared with the performance of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLNN) classifier. The average classification accuracy of MSNN classifier was 95.9%, an increase of over 8.9% of the performance of MLNN. AN: 97-112438 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 61 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Plant regeneration from encapsulated embryoids and an embryogenic mass of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay,-A.; Jeffree,-C.E.; Yeoman,-M.M. SO: Plant-Cell-Reports (Germany). (1996). v. 15(9) p. 723-726. LA: En (English) AN: 97-087868 Record 62 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Isolation of Phytophthora cf. drechsleri from infected pistachio trees with gummosis symptoms in Kerman. AU: Aminaee,-M.M.; Ershad,-D. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-10th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-1-5-Sep.-1991-Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). p. 106. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077903 Record 63 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: A study of integrated control of Pistachio gummosis. AU: Mehdizadeh,-R.; Sharifi-Tehrani,-A. CA: Tehran univ., Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 225. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077881 Record 64 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Evaluation of certain fungicides on Pistachio gummosis caused by Phytophthora spp. AU: Sharifi-Tehrani,-A.; Mehdizadeh,-R. CA: Tehran Univ., Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 231. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077851 Record 65 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on Pistachio in Iran. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Rajabi,-A. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 212. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077483 Record 66 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: The first record of one psyllid species and several Hymenoptera parasitoids on Pistachio Psyllid from Iran. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Mehrnejad,-M.R. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 211. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077482 Record 67 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Predators of scale insects on pistachio tree in the Kerman province. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Ebrahimi,-J. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 210. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077481 Record 68 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Eriophyid mites of pistachio orchards in Kerman province. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R.; Daneshvar,-H. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-10th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-1-5-Sep.-1991-Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). p. 92. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077442 Record 69 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Response of pistachio psylla to sticking colored traps. AU: Emami,-Y. CA: Agricultural Research Center of Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 184. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077346 Record 70 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Determination of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio kernels and shells. AU: Scholten,-J.M.; Spanjer,-M.C. SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International (USA). (Nov-Dec 1996). v. 79(6) p. 1360-1364. LA: En (English) ENAB: A method was developed for accurate measurement of aflatoxin B1 in the edible portion of pistachio nuts. Twenty-nine samples of kernels with and without their shells were slurried with a Mega Ultra Turrax. A subsample of the homogenate was extracted with water-methanol, defatted with petroleum ether, purified with a silica solid-phase extraction column, and redissolved in methanol. After separation on an octadecyl column and postcolumn reaction with on-line electrochemically generated bromine, the aflatoxin B1 derivative was detected fluorometrically. The shells contained less than 1% of the aflatoxin B1 found in the edible kernel, and they accounted for 41.7-46.8% of the weight of the whole pistachio. These observations indicate it is possible to analyze an entire sample, up to 25 kg, as a whole and still be able to judge whether it meets the legal tolerance limit of 5 microgram aflatoxin B1/kg edible part, as set by the Dutch Food Act. AN: 97-070028 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 71 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Phytopathogenic fungi in Southern Italy. 12: Anthracnosis of pistachio nut [Pistacia vera, Sicily]. OT: Parassiti fungini delle piante dell' Italia meridionale. 12: L' antracnosi del pistacchio [Pistacia vera, Sicilia]. AU: Frisullo,-S.; Lops,-F.; Carlucci,-A.; Camele,-I. SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico (Italy). (Jul-Aug 1996). v. 46(7-8) p. 45-47. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Some alterations were observed on leaves, cluster rachis and fruits of pistachio nut plants (Pistacia vera L.) in Southern Italy in 1995. Diseased leaves showed necrotic spots often located close to the veins. Cluster rachis exhibited a dry rot which originated at connection point of fruit on peduncle and extended to intere rachis. Epicarp of altered nut was wrinkled and showed several fungus pustules, which were immersed in mesocarp and covered by a thin esocarp layer. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauling et van Schrenk (anamorph of Colletotrichum gloeosporidies (Penz.) Penz. et Sacc.) was consistently isolated from naturally infected material. Symptoms very like those observed on naturally infected pistachio fruits were reproduced in artificial inoculation tests done on wounded or intact healthy grapes. AO: ITALIANO: Nel 1995 sono state osservate, in alcune colture di pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.) dell'Italia meridionale, alterazioni a carico delle foglie, rachidi del grappolo e drupe. Le foglie colpite mostravano macchie necrotiche piu' frequentemente in prossimita' delle nervature. Il rachide dei grappoli era interessato da un marciume secco che aveva inizio dal punto di attacco della drupa sul peduncolo e poi si propagava su tutto il rachide stesso. L'epicarpo delle drupe colpite dalla malattia si presentava di aspetto raggrinzito e cosparso da numerose pustole fungine, immerse nel mesocarpo e coperte da un sottile strato dell'esocarpo. Dal materiale naturalmente infetto e' stato costantemente isolata la specie fungina Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauling et van Schrenk (anamorpho di Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) et Sacc.). Prove di inoculazione artificiale, eseguite con e senza ferite sui grappoli, hanno riprodotto una sintomatologia simile a quella osservata in natura. AN: 97-063332 Record 72 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effect of salinity on growth and asexual reproduction by Phytophthora spp. the cause of pistachio gummosis. AU: Tabatabai,-S.A.R.; Banihashemi,-Z. CA: Shiraz Univ., Shiraz (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 239. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-049409 Record 73 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Interaction between salinity and Phytophthora root rot of pistachio. AU: Tabatabai,-S.A.R.; Banihashemi,-Z. CA: Shiraz Univ., Shiraz (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic REpublic). (1995). p. 240. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-049371 Record 74 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso,-T.; Inglese,-P.; Motisi,-A.; Sottile,-F. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1996). v. 71(6) p. 919-924. LA: En (English) AN: 97-047756 Record 75 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Classification of pistachio nuts using a string matching technique. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1996). v. 39(3) p. 1197-1202. LA: En (English) ENAB: A modified cyclic string matching algorithm was developed and applied to classify four classes of pistachio nuts, based on their two-dimensional shapes. In this method, a pistachio nut was represented by a string consisting of N angularly equispaced radii extending from the centroid to the boundary. An algorithm was also developed for determining a prototype for each class. The recognition algorithm, based on a string matching technique, calculated the cumulative distance between an unknown and a class prototype. The class of the unknown was determined by the minimum-distance classification rule. The developed algorithm gave an overall accuracy of 90%. This procedure could be extended to classify other agricultural materials. AN: 97-041731 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 76 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Machine vision detection of early split pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1996). v. 39(3) p. 1203-1207. LA: En (English) ENAB: Computer vision was used to detect early split lesions on the hull of pistachio nuts. Gray scale intensity profiles were computed across the width of the nut (perpendicular to the suture along the longitudinal axis). If the profile crossed an early split lesion, a deep and narrow valley on the profile at the early split location was observed. Profiles were computed every 0.5 mm along the longitudinal axis of the nut and the number of adjacent profiles with deep and narrow valleys was recorded. Early split nuts contained a significantly higher count of these adjacent profiles than normal nuts. Combining unhulled nut cross-sectional area with the adjacent profile data, 100% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts were correctly classified of the total of 180 nuts tested Two devices were developed to convey and orient unhulled pistachio nuts for presentation to a computer vision system. One device, which operated similarly to an "air hockey" table, correctly oriented 98% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts. The other device, which used vibration to convey and orient the nut in a "V" trough, correctly oriented 97% of the early split nuts and 98% of the normal nuts. A total sample size of 270 nuts was used to test each orientation device. AN: 97-041346 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 77 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) a new insect pest for the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Greece. OT: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) ena neo gia ti fistikia (Pistacia vera L.) epivlabes eidos stin Ellada. AU: Tsourgianni,-A.; Chitzanidou,-A.; Mourikis,-A.P. SO: Chronika-Benakeiou-Fytopathologikou-Inst. (Greece). (1994). v. 17(1) p. 107-110. LA: El (Greek); En (English) AN: 97-034226 Record 78 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Biology of the carob moth (Apomyelois Ceratoniae) a new pest of Pistachio in Rafsanjan. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R. CA: Agricultural Research Center, Kerman Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Applied-Entomology-and-Phytopathology-Publication-of-Plant-Pests-and-Diseases-Research-Institute (Iran Islamic Republic). (Feb 1993). v. 60(1-2) p. 1. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-034159 Record 79 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Evaluation of field sampling techniques for estimation of bird damage in pistachio orchards. AU: Crabb,-A.C.; Marois,-J.J.; Salmon,-T.P. SO: Vertebrate-Pest-Conference (USA). (Aug 1994). (no. 16th) p. 335-344. LA: En (English) AN: 97-019707 Record 80 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Survival of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) during pistachio processing. AU: Johnson,-J.A.; Gill,-R.F.; Valero,-K.A.; May,-S.A. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Feb 1996). v. 89(1) p. 197-203. LA: En (English) ENAB: The potential survival of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), in pistachios after commercial processing was estimated by sampling nuts from 2 different driers. In total, 1,980 kg of pistachios (approximately 880,000 open nuts) were sampled over 3 yr. No live navel orangeworm were found and only 1 dead adult was discovered. Samples from drum driers, which received floaters, had an average of 10.7 dead navel orangeworm per kilogram of nuts, whereas samples from the fan driers had an average of 1.9 dead navel orangeworm per kilogram of nuts. The occurrence of moths in traps baited with virgin, laboratory-reared females suggests that some navel orangeworm survive processing, but it was not possible to determine the source of the moths. Commercial pistachio drying was simulated in a forced-air oven with an air temperature of 90 degrees C. Nut temperatures during laboratory oven drying exceeded 60 degrees C after 45 min, when nut moisture levels were > 26%. Nut temperatures were > 60 degrees C for 2.25 h before nut moisture content approached appropriate storage levels. Limited survival of navel orangeworm eggs (2.82%) and pupae (3.33%) occurred after 30 min of oven exposure, when not all nut temperatures had exceeded 60 degrees C. No navel orangeworm survived oven exposures of 1 h or longer. Our results show that survival of navel orangeworm in processed pistachios is very low and should not be of major concern to processors. AN: 97-019621 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 81 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in cultured immature kernels of Pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay,-A.; Jeffre,-C.E.; Yeoman,-M.M. SO: Plant-Cell-Reports (Germany). (1995). v. 15(3-4) p. 192-195. LA: En (English) AN: 97-016847 Record 82 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) to Six Postemergence Graminicides in Pistachio Orchards in Kerman Province. AU: Lahsaeizadeh,-A. CA: Kerman Zamin Co., Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 256. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-006094 Record 83 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Pre and post-emergence damping- off of pistachio caused by Rhizoctonia solani. AU: Ashkan,-M.; Abusaidi,-D. CA: Dep. of Plant Protection, Pistachio Research Institute Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 219. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-005729 Record 84 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Distribution of Phytophthora species causing crown and root rot of pistachio in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan,-M.; Abusaidi,-D. CA: Dep. of Plant Protection, Pistachio Research Institute Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 218. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-005728 Record 85 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Species and races of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on pistachio. AU: Madani,-M.; Ashkan,-A. CA: Tarbiat Modarres Univ., Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 248. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-004945 Record 86 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Studies on the effect of main geographical directions attacting the pistachio psyllia (Agonoscena targioni) to traps. AU: Yahya-Emami,-S. CA: Pistachio Research Institute, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 197. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-004928 Record 87 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Effect of rootstock on vegetative development and nutrient status of pistachio cv. Bianca [Sicily]. OT: Effetto del portinnesto sullo sviluppo vegetativo e sullo stato nutrizionale del pistacchio cv. Bianca [Sicilia]. AU: Caruso,-T.; Giovannini,-D.; Barone,-E. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 57-60. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and nutritional status were recorded during a three-year experiment under dry farming condition on Sicilian pistachio cultivar Bianca budded on height in vitro propagated clonal rootstocks (P. atlantica and P. integerrima) and one seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). Some significant differences due to the rootstock were detected. No particular mineral deficiency was observed. Integerrima clone no. 2 proved to be the most vigorous among the tested rootstocks. AO: ITALIANO: [Nel corso di un esperimento triennale in coltura asciutta sono stati raccolti i dati relativi all'area della sezione del tronco (TCSA) e allo stato nutrizionale della cv. siciliana di pistacchio Bianca, innestata a gemma su otto portinnesti clonali (P. atlantica e P. integerrima) propagati in vitro e uno derivante da seme (P. terebinthus). Sono state osservate alcune differenze significative dovute al portinnesto. Non sono state registrate carenze minerali particolari. Il clone n. 2 Integerrima si e' dimostrato il piu' vigoroso fra i portinnesti saggiati]. AN: 96-155662 Record 88 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Alternate bearing influences annual nutrient consumption and the total nutrient content of mature pistachio trees. AU: Brown,-P.H.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Picchioni,-G.A. SO: Trees (Germany). (1995). v. 9(3) p. 158-164. LA: En (English) AN: 96-155661 Record 89 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Traits of photosynthetic activity of almond and pistachio [Apulia]]. OT: Caratteristiche dell' attivita' fotosintetica di mandorlo e pistacchio [Puglia]. AU: Palma,-L.-de; Novello,-V. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 55-56. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-155659 Record 90 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Irrigation trials on pistachio at different irrigation rates [Basilicata]]. OT: Prove di irrigazione del pistacchio con differenti volumi irrigui [Basilicata]. AU: Monastra,-F.; Avanzato,-D.; Martelli,-S.; Dascanio,-R. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (May 1996). v. 58(5) p. 71-72. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-152625 Record 91 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [The opportunities of development of pistachio crop in Southern Italy [Sicily]. Technical and productive trends]. OT: Possibilita' di sviluppo della pistacchicoltura nel Mezzogiorno d' Italia [Sicilia]. Indirizzi tecnici e produttivi. AU: Caruso,-T.; Motisi,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 9-17. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: World pistachio production growth in the last twenty years gives an opportunity also to Italian pistachios. An analysis of technical and commercial perspectives of the pistachio industry in the Country is reported. Productive and commercial issues are discussed, primarily focused on green-kernel pistachios for use in pastry and food manufacturing, of which Italy is the main producer. The opportunities of an expansion of pistachio growing in new areas are discussed, particularly form the view-point of the exploitation of salt- or alkali-affected lands and waters. Most relevant new production technologies and achievements in breeding are reported and recommended for their introduction in orchards. AO: ITALIANO: La forte espansione della produzione di pistacchio nel mondo lascia prevedere una opportunita' anche per il pistacchio italiano. Si riferisce delle possibilita' tecniche e produttive per il rilancio della coltura nel nostro Paese. Gli aspetti produttivi e commerciali sono esaminati con particolare riferimento al pistacchio verde da industria, del quale l'Italia e' attualmente il maggiore produttore. Si discute delle possibilita' di espansione in regioni diverse da quelle attualmente in coltura, soprattutto per valorizzare territori con problemi di alcalinita' e salinita' dei suoli e delle acque. Si riferisce delle piu' recenti innovazioni, conseguite sia nel settore della tecnica che nel campo del miglioramento genetico, che possono essere introdotte in coltura. AN: 96-151267 Record 92 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Hull adhesion characteristics of early-split and normal pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Applied-engineering-in-agriculture (USA). (Mar 1996). v. 12(2) p. 219-221. LA: En (English) ENAB: The hull adhesion properties of early-split and normal pistachio nuts were studied to determine the feasibility of separating early-split nuts from normal nuts by their hulling characteristics. The hulls of pistachio nuts were found to adhere more tightly to the shells of early-split nuts than to normal nuts. Laboratory hulling tests on pistachio nuts harvested in 1993 indicated that under controlled conditions, 98% of the normal nut hulls were removed while only 9% of the early-split hulls were removed. AN: 96-146504 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 93 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Inflorescence bud growth, development and abscission in shoots of bearing and disbudded 'Bianca' pistachio trees. AU: Caruso,-T.; Fabbri,-A.; Giovannini,-D. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1995). v. 70(6) p. 857-866. LA: En (English) AN: 96-135253 Record 94 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Influence of manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of pistachio. AU: Tekin,-H.; Guzel,-N.; Ibrikci,-H. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1995). v. 18(6) p. 1263-1272. LA: En (English) ENAB: Economically valuable pistachio nut trees are extensively grown in the Southeastern part of Turkey. A great percentage of the total annual pistachio nut yield in Turkey is obtained from this region. However, fertility aspects of these pistachio trees have not been studied in detail. Thus, there is a need to determine the optimum fertilizer rates to increase the yield and quality of pistachio nuts. Fertilizer trials were conducted on an established 37 year-old-pistachio orchard. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers were applied in three and two rates, respectively. Potassium (K) was added to all trees as a basal rate. In addition, selected trees received air-dried sheep manure, and additional inorganic macro- and micro-nutrients as a foliar application at three different times during the course of experiment. Fertilizer treatments influenced the fruit yield, productivity, fruit size, percentages of dehisced fruit shell, and nutmeat. Positive effects of these treatments on leaf element content, N, P, and K, were also obtained. Fruit protein and oil contents were not influenced by addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers. AN: 96-094061 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 95 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Comparison between two pistachio rootstocks]. OT: Confronto fra due portinnesti di pistacchio. AU: Alberghina,-O. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (4 Apr 1996). v. 52(15) p. 55-57. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-093799 Record 96 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Micropropagation of Pistachio: Pistacia vera cv. mateur [in Spain]. AU: Mederos,-S.; Trujillo,-I.; Lopez,-I. SO: Plant-Tissue-Culture (Bangladesh). (1994). v. 4(2) p. 111-116. LA: En (English) ENAB: Multiple axillary shoots were produced on explants of Pistacia vera cv. mateur cultured on modified MS medium (1/7 mM NH4+/NO-35) combination supplemented with BAP and NAA. The multiplication rate in decapitated whole shoots, when placed on the same medium was higher compared to apical and axillary bud explants. Shoots were successfully rooted on a half strength basal medium containing IBA. AN: 96-068014 Record 97 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Control of shoot-tip necrosis during in vitro establishment of shoots of Pistachio. AU: Mederos,-S.; Trukillo; Lopez,-I. SO: Plant-Tissue-Culture (Bangladesh). (1994). v. 4(2) p. 89-92. LA: En (English) ENAB: The most satisfactory protocol for in vitro establishment of shoots of Pistacia vera was obtained in solidified MS medium supplemented with 5mM NH4 NO3 plus 0.4 mg l-1 thiamine-HCl, 0.4 mg l-1 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 mg l-1 myoinositol, 30 g l-1 sucrose,10(6) MBAP combined with 5.1(-8) MNAA. In this culture medium, shoots were more vigorous free from shoot-tip necrosis as observed in previously recommended 1/2 MS medium. AN: 96-068013 Record 98 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Delaying anthesis of staminate pistachio with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis,-I.C.; Voyiatzis,-D.G. SO: HortScience-:-a-publication-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Aug 1993). v. 28(8) p. 814-816. LA: En (English) ENAB: Anthesis of an important staminate pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivar (B) in Greece was delayed by foliar paclobutrazol (PBZ) sprays applied in June or July the previous season. A September spray was ineffective. The amount of delay depended on dose (50 to 1000 mg PBZ/liter applied to incipient runoff). Using the same total amount of chemical, one spray was as effective as two sprays 1 month apart. There were no effects on inflorescence fresh weight, pollen production, and pollen germination. Stem elongation was inhibited strongly, but the number of nodes and flower buds per shoot was reduced only slightly. In Expt. 2, two other staminate cultivars (A and C) responded similarly to cultivar B. Treatment effects appeared only during the treatment year, whereas a soil drench was effective for 2 years. PBZ may be able to synchronize the blooming of staminate and pistillate pistachio cultivars and results in good fruit set without artificial pollination. AN: 96-067840 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 99 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio. AU: Swart,-W.J.; Botes,-W.M. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Oct 1995). v. 79(10) p. 1036-1038. LA: En (English) ENAB: Dieback of 3-year-old Pistacia vera L. trees, grafted onto P. atlantica rootstocks, was observed in trial plantings in the Prieska district of South Africa during the spring of 1992. Close examination of diseased trees revealed the presence of cankers on the lower part of the stem in the vicinity of the graft. Isolations from the margins of diseased tissue onto malt-extract agar consistently yielded black fungal colonies and pycnidia bearing mature conidia identified as belonging to the Sphaeropsis anamorph of Botryosphaeria obtusa. The fungus was shown to be highly virulent to three Pistacia species in pathogenicity tests in the field. Branches, measuring 5 mm in diameter, of P. atlantica, P. vera and P. integerrima developed mean cambial lesions measuring 53, 51, and 15 mm, respectively, 14 days after artificial inoculation with fungal mycelium. Wounding of branches prior to inoculation resulted in significantly larger cambial lesions. As far as we have been able to determine, there are no published reports of B. obtusa being associated with disease symptoms on cultivated pistachio trees. AN: 96-056699 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 100 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: RAPD polymorphisms among pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. AU: Dollo,-L.; Hormaza,-J.I.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1995). v. 49(3) p. 147-152. LA: En (English) AN: 96-053285 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 101 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: The relationship between date of hull splitting and decay of pistachio nuts by Aspergillus species. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Aug 1995). v. 79(8) p. 766-769. LA: En (English) ENAB: Atypical pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts that have split hulls, known as "early splits," frequently have kernels decayed by Aspergillus spp. In 1992 and 1993 pistachio nuts that had split hulls were marked in commercial orchards at approximately 2-week intervals. Depending on the orchard, 15 to 48% of the early splits had formed more than 4 weeks before harvest and 10 to 30% formed within 2 weeks before harvest. At harvest these nuts were also evaluated for kernel decay, insect infestation, and several physical characteristics. The incidence of decay caused by Aspergillus spp. (predominantly Aspergillus niger) was three times greater in the oldest early splits than in early splits formed in the period before harvest (no decay was found in normal nuts with nonsplit hulls). The oldest early splits also had the most shriveled hulls, which is a feature associated with aflatoxin contamination. At harvest the oldest early splits had less fruit fresh weight, lower kernel moisture, smaller shells, and more shell discoloration compared with early splits formed in the period before harvest and with normal nuts. These characteristics could be used to remove decayed nuts during processing. AN: 96-042141 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 102 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio. AU: Shuraki,-Y.D.; Sedgley,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(6) p. 1019-1027. LA: En (English) AN: 96-028406 Record 103 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Male performance in pistachio (Pistacia vera). AU: Martinez-Palle,-E.; Herrero,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(6) p. 1117-1122. LA: En (English) AN: 96-027469 Record 104 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Contribution to the study of the in vitro propagation of the pistachio tree, Pistacia vera mateur]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de la multiplication in vitro du pistachier Pistacia vera mateur. AU: El-Mahboul,-B. CA: Ministere de l' Agriculture et de la Reforme Agraire, Agadir (Maroc). Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2. SO: Rabat (Maroc). 1988. 116 p. LA: Fr (French) AN: 96-001863 Record 105 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Aspergillus molds and aflatoxins in pistachio nuts in California. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jun 1994). v. 84(6) p. 583-590. LA: En (English) ENAB: A total of 14 Aspergillus species were isolated from the kernels of pistachio nuts, mainly early splits, from 11 commercial orchards in California in 1991 and 1992. Early splits are atypical nuts that have split hulls, exposing the kernel to invasion by molds and insects (normal nuts have intact hulls). A. niger was the only Aspergillus species that occurred frequently (in 30% of kernels from early splits). However, A. flavus or A. parasiticus (potential producers of the mycotoxins aflatoxins) were found in early splits from most orchards, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus (potential producers of the mycotoxins ochratoxins) were found in all orchards. Aflatoxins were detected in early splits from six of nine orchards in 1991 and five of eight orchards in 1992. Early splits with rough, shriveled hulls had more than twice the A. niger infection and more than three times as much A. flavus or A. parasiticus infection as early splits with smooth hulls. The rough early splits had over 99% of all the aflatoxins detected. Kernels infested by the insect navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) had substantially more infections by A. niger, A. flavus or A. parasiticus, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus and had 84% of all aflatoxin detected. The hulls of early splits frequently had low levels of aflatoxin. Hull rupture due to damage by birds or to cracking resulted in kernels infected with Aspergillus molds but at low levels. Fortunately, the pistachio nuts most likely to have mold and aflatoxin contamination, rough early splits infested with navel orangeworm had several physical characteristics (weight, size, shell discoloration, hull appearance) distinct from normal nuts that could facilitate removal during processing. AN: 95-155574 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 106 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of pistachio trees (cv. Aegenes) as influenced by fruiting. AU: Vemmos,-S.N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(5) p. 775-782. LA: En (English) AN: 95-152952 Record 107 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Determination of relatedness and geographical movements of Pistacia vera (Pistachio: Anacardiaceae) germplasm by RAPD analysis. AU: Hormaza,-J.I.; Dollo,-L.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Economic-botany (USA). (Oct-Dec 1994). v. 48(4) p. 349-358. LA: En (English) AN: 95-151872 Record 108 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Pistachio research in Central Australia : some agronomic and economic implications [Northern Territory]. AU: Hoult,-M.D.; Oliver,-M.R. SO: Darwin, N.T. (Australia). Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. 1990. 19 p. LA: En (English) AN: 95-149674 Record 109 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: collaborative study. AU: Trucksess,-M.W.; Stack,-M.E.; Nesheim,-S.; Albert,-R.H.; Romer,-T.R. SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International (USA). (Nov-Dec 1994). v. 77(6) p. 1512-1521. LA: En (English) AN: 95-144981 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 110 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Photosynthetic rates and solute partitioning in relation to growth of salt-treated pistachio plants [Pistacia vera cv. Kerman]. AU: Walker,-R.R.; Torokfalvy,-E.; Behboudian,-M.H. SO: Australian-Journal-of-Plant-Physiology (Australia). (1988). v. 15(6) p. 787-798. LA: En (English) ENAB: Growth rates, leaf photosynthetic rates, carbohydrate and ionic composition and partitioning were investigated in seedling pistachios treated under glasshouse conditions with salinities up to 175 mol per cu. m. Cl- and 105 mol per cu. m. and Na+. The results indicate that photosynthetic rate of expanded leaves, photoassimilate supply to, water relations of, and Cl- concentrations of expanding leaves are unlikely to be responsible for the growth reduction of pistachio plants observed at relatively high salinities. AN: 95-133283 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 111 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Separating "early-split" from "normal" pistachio nuts for removal of nuts contaminated on the tree with aflatoxin. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Sum 1993. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 95-124382 Record 112 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Physical properties of pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1994). v. 37(3) p. 913-918. LA: En (English) ENAB: Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split pistachio nuts. The hulls of early split pistachios abnormally split open several weeks before harvest, making the kernel more vulnerable to the aflatoxin producing mold Aspergillus flavus. The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were found to be shell staining and hull adhesion tendencies. Using shell stain characteristics and shell dimensions, an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of the early splits, and 97% of the normal nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early split nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of the early split nuts and only 5% of the nonsplit nuts from the rest of the samples. Nut mass, length, width, and height are significantly different between early split nuts and normal nuts, however, these properties cannot be used to accurately classify the nuts into split types. AN: 95-105100 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 113 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Free amino acids as indicators of little leaf in zinc deficiency in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cultivar 'Kerman'). AU: Durzan,-D.J. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Jan 1995). v. 60(3-4) p. 221-233. LA: En (English) AN: 95-079163 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 114 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Influence of rootstock on nutrient acquisition by pistachio. AU: Brown,-P.H.; Zhang,-Q.; Ferguson,-L. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1994). v. 17(7) p. 1137-1148. LA: En (English) ENAB: The influence of rootstock selection on leaf nutrient concentrations in commercial pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. 'Kerman') was studied. Five commercially important pistachio rootstocks were used. The pistachio rootstock Pistacia atlantica was clearly superior in enhancing leaf concentrations of the elements, boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) from a range of soil types. The influence of rootstock on leaf nutrient concentration was apparent both in grafted and non-grafted trees and was most pronounced when leaf nutrient levels were low. Leaf B, Cu, and Zn concentrations were from 1.2 to 2.4 times higher in pistachio grafted to P. atlantica than in those grafted on other rootstocks. For Cu and Zn, elements that are often deficient in Californian pistachio orchards, the choice of rootstock was sufficient to overcome visual deficiencies of these elements. In soils low in a particular element selection of rootstock may significantly influence management decisions and the need for fertilizer supplementation. Two hybrid rootstocks, in which the efficient rootstock P. atlantica was crossed with the inefficient P. integerrima, had lower leaf nutrient concentrations than the P. atlantica parent. The mechanism of nutrient efficiency was not identified though correlation analysis suggests separate characteristics are responsible for the enhancement of Zn uptake as compared to B or Cu uptake. Improvement in nutrient efficiency may be possible in future breeding programs. AN: 95-077988 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 115 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions and growth of salt-treated pistachio plants. AU: Walker,-R.R.; Torokfalvy,-E.; Behboudian,-M.H. SO: Australian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research (Australia). (1987). v. 38(2) p. 383-394. LA: En (English) ENAB: Shoot growth rates of Pistacia vera (scion cultivar) and P. atlantica (rootstock) were not affected by treatment with 30 mM NaCl. Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride were similar between the two species. However, the rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of sodium by P. atlantica were approximately 2-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, than in P. vera. The chloride and sodium accumulated in the shoots of both species was diluted by growth, with the result that there was no marked increase in leaf and stem chloride and sodium concentrations in either species with time. Sequentially increasing salinities up to a maximum of 150 mM chloride and 90 mM sodium had no significant effect on the dry matter production of rootstocks P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. Laminae chloride concentrations of both species increased as the level of salinity was incresed. Sodium concentrations in laminae of P. terebinthus showed a small but significant increase during treatment with the two highest salinity levels. Chloride concentrations on a tissue water basis were highest in laminae and petioles of salt-treated plants, whereas sodium concentrations were highest in roots. AN: 95-067147 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 116 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Development of Aspergillus molds in litter from pistachio trees. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Apr 1994). v. 78(4) p. 393-397. LA: En (English) AN: 95-036888 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 117 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of two pistachio cultivars as affected by boron and nitrogen application. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1994). v. 17(1) p. 155-171. LA: En (English) ENAB: The combined effects of four nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 micrograms/g soil) and six boron (B) rates (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/g soil) on the growth and chemical composition of Kale-ghoochi, a cultivar of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) semi-tolerant to B toxicity, and Badami, a cultivar very sensitive to B toxicity, were studied in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. The application of 20 micrograms/g B has beneficial effects on leaf growth of the Kale-ghoochi cultivar. The toxic effect of B application greater than 40 micrograms/g on pistachio growth was alleviated by application of 50 and 100 micrograms N/g for Kale-ghoochi and Badami cultivars, respectively. The rate of B accumulation in pistachio shoots was reduced about 39% by N additions of 50 to 150 micrograms/g for Badami, and 24, 52, and 69% with N rates of 50, 100, and 150 micrograms/g for Kale-ghoochi, respectively. Therefore, when pistachio is grown in B-enriched soils and/or is irrigated with water of relatively high B content, it is recommended that the plants be supplied with adequate N. AN: 95-035406 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 118 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Fertilizer nitrogen and boron uptake, storage, and allocation vary during the alternate-bearing cycle in pistachio trees. AU: Weinbaum,-S.A.; Picchioni,-G.A.; Muraoka,-T.T.; Ferguson,-L.; Brown,-P.H. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1994). v. 119(1) p. 24-31. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effects of alternate bearing on recovery and loss of isotopically labeled fertilizer N and B and on the accumulation of carbohydrate and N reserves were assessed in mature 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. Total recovery of labeled fertilizer N applied once (in late January) was approximately 60% greater if applied to trees entering an 'off' than an 'on' year, with respect to fruiting. Eleven percent more labeled B was recovered in off- than on-year trees. Five times more N (1 vs. 0.2 kg N) was lost from the tree in fruit and senescent leaflets from on- than off-year trees. In dormant trees, 144% and 22% more starch and N reserves, respectively, were present after off than on years. Thus, on-year trees were characterized by a greater reproductive demand for N and carbohydrates, reduced accumulation of C and N (i.e., storage) reserves in perennial tree parts, and reduced recovery of January-applied labeled fertilizer N than off-year trees. As B is absorbed passively, the higher transpiration that may accompany the 43% larger leaf area per tree and the probability of increased root growth probably contributes to its increased uptake during off years. The enhanced labeled N recovery in early spring by trees entering their off year preceded fruit and seed development in on-year trees. The differential tree capacity for nutrient uptake in spring may have been conditioned the previous rather than the current year. The increased uptake of labeled N by trees entering in off year (i.e., emerging from an on year) was associated with lower levels of carbohydrate and N reserves than for on-year trees that had just completed an off year. Future experimentation should assess the comparative capacity for nutrient uptake by on- and off-year trees at other stages of phenology, e.g., during seed development and postharvest. AN: 95-035405 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 119 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Adjusting sprinkler angle reduces spread of disease in pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P.; Olson,-W.H.; Grant,-J.A. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Sep-Oct 1993). v. 47(5) p. 16-20. LA: En (English) AN: 95-032488 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 120 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [High concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide improve bud breaking in pistachio]. OT: Concentraciones altas de cianamida hidrogenada mejoran las brotacion de yemas en pistachero. AU: Arreola-Avila,-Jesus; Mancilla-y-Diaz-Infante,-Raul SO: Revista-Fitotecnia-Mexicana (Mexico). (Jul-Dic 1993). v. 16(2) p. 203-207. Nota cientifica. LA: Es (Spanish) ENAB: Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2) at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 % was applied to ten years pistachio trees comming from seed of the Kerman cultivar, after these trees acumulated 457 heat units. This treatments increased significantly the percentage of bud break and also this stage was 11 days earlier with respect to the control. The pistachio buds applied with H2CN2 at 2.5 and 5.0 % showed 26 and 45.5 % bud break respectively, and were superior to bud break of control which was only 4.5 %. Branches of one and two years old showed the greatest bud break; however, comparing the bud break stimulus against the control, this was greater on branches of 4 and 5 years old. ESAB: Cianamida hidrogenada (H2CN2) en concentraciones de 2.5 y 50 % fue aplicada a arboles de pistachero de 10 anos de edad provenientes de semilla del cultivar Kerman, despues de haber acumulado 457 unidades calor (UC). Esto incremento significativamente el porcentaje de yemas brotadas, adelantando ademas 11 dias la brotacion respecto al testigo. El porcentaje de yemas brotadas en arboles tratados con H+2CN2 al 2.5 y 5 % fue de 26 y 45.5 % respectivamente, siendo superiores al testigo sin aplicar, en el cual se observo un porcentaje de solo 4.6 %. Las ramas de 1 y 2 anos de edad mostraron tendencia natural hacia mayor brotacion, sin embargo la estimulacion de la brotacion comparada contra el testigo, fue mayor en las ramas de 4 y 5 anos de edad. AN: 95-024316 Record 121 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Control of the pistachio wasp (Eurytoma pistaciae, Anagnos) in Cyprus. OT: Katapolemisi tou Evrytomou tis Pistakias (Eurytoma pistaciae, Anagnos) stin Kypro. AU: Melifronidis,-D.I.; Zygkas,-F.I. CA: Agricultural Corporation Makedonias-Thrakis, Thessaloniki (Greece). SO: Geoponika (Greece). (Sep-Oct 1982). (no. 290-291) p. 157-160. LA: El (Greek) ENAB: The pistachio wasp (Eurytoma pistaciae) has been reported to be a relative new pest of pistachio-nuts in Cyprus. In order to improve the control measures used against this pest, field experiments were conducted during 1978 and 1979 with encouraging results. In these experiments nature trees were thoroughly wet by spraying with Methomyl, Formothion, Phosphamidon, Oxymeton-methyl, Omethoate and Cypermethrin. Observations on the wasp emerge were obtained by infested mummified nuts remaining on the trees from the previous years. Some of these infested nuts were collected and were put into special cages which were hung on the trees. The best results were obtained by using insecticides such as Methomyl, Phosphamidon, Oxymeton-methyl and Cypermethrin three days after the appearance of the first adults. AN: 95-014354 Record 122 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Aflatoxins and fluorescence in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts. AU: Steiner,-W.E.; Brunschweiler,-K.; Leimbacher,-E.; Schneider,-R. SO: Journal-of-agricultural-and-food-chemistry (USA). (Dec 1992). v. 40(12) p. 2453-2457. LA: En (English) ENAB: Brazil nut and pistachio nut samples from lots known to be contaminated with aflatoxins were visually inspected in detail. Kernels were split lengthwise in halves, and internally highly discolored kernels were analyzed individually. Highly contaminated Brazil nut kernels showed yellow fluorescence if illuminated with light at 360nm. However, not all fluorescent kernels were contaminated with aflatoxins, and brown spotted kernels also contained these toxins. While contaminated Brazil nut kernels showed different appearance, only brown or brown spotted pistachio kernels were highly contaminated with aflatoxins. In yellowish fluorescent pistachio kernels no aflatoxins, citrinin, kojic acid, patulin, or ochratoxin A could be detected (detection limits: 10-100 microgram/kg, 0.5-1, 40-50, 0.2-0.5, and 0.1-0.3mg/kg, respectively). Slightly discolored kernels and sound kernels were analyzed in different batches. In this way it was shown that contaminated kernels were internally discolored. Ratios of 4700 uncontaminated kernels to 1 kernel containing aflatoxin B1 and 4300 to 1, respectively, were calculated for two pistachio nut samples from different lots. A similar ratio for Brazil nuts could not be calculated since not all highly contaminated kernels were analyzed individually. The highest aflatoxin B1 concentration in a pistachio kernel was 1400 mg/kg; in a Brazil nut 4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 1.2 mg/kg aflatoxin G1 were detected. The high aflatoxin concentrations in a few kernels indicate that the usual sampling sizes of 20 and 50 lb (Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts, lots < 200 bags and 75 000 lb, respectively) may not be sufficient. AN: 95-009100 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 123 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio production and exports in selected countries continue expansion. SO: Horticultural-products-review (USA). (Dec 1993). (no. FHORT 12-93) p. 35-37. LA: En (English) AN: 94-115803 Record 124 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Respiration rate and ethylene production in inflorescence buds of pistachio in relation to alternate bearing. AU: Vemmos,-S.N.; Pontikis,-C.A.; Tolza-Marioli,-A.P. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Mar 1994). v. 57(1-2) p. 165-172. LA: En (English) AN: 94-067099 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 125 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Use of high CO(2) atmosphere and medium modifications for the successful micropropagation of pistachio. AU: Parfitt,-D.E.; Almehdi,-A.A. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Feb 1994). v. 56(4) p. 321-329. LA: En (English) AN: 94-063250 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 126 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Spore release by Botryosphaeria dothidea in pistachio orchards and disease control by altering the trajectory angle of sprinklers. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1993). v. 83(2) p. 145-152. LA: En (English) ENAB: To design a disease-control management approach, release of pycnidiospores of Botryosphaeria dothidea from infected pistachio was studied in both laboratory and field. In laboratory studies, more cirrhi developed from pycnidia in pistachio rachises infected by B. dothidea that were dry in the field than in rachises washed several times during previous sprinkler irrigations. Pycnidia in older rachises produced fewer cirrhi than did younger rachises. Dry rachises released maximum numbers of pycnidiospores (up to 1,000 per milliliter of water) within 2-3 h of irrigation, and only three to four pycnidiospores were recovered after 10 h of sprinkling. In contrast, rachises with exuding pycnidia (cirrhi present on the surface of rachises) released 2.5 X 10(4), 1.3 X 10(4), and 63 pycnidiospores per milliliter of water 5, 30, and 450 min, respectively, after activating sprinklers. Released pycnidiospores from blighted shoots and petioles increased within 1-4 h of sprinkling and gradually decreased afterward, within 11-12 h of sprinkling. Released spores from blighted fruit increased gradually until 3 h after sprinkling, maintained high levels 4-9 h after sprinkling, and decreased 10-12 h after the first sprinkling. The numbers of released pycnidiospores decreased significantly with the second, third, fourth, and fifth sprinkling cycles, which were applied at weekly intervals. In field experiments, rachises collected from 1.2 to 1.5 m high in the tree canopy and "washed" in previous irrigations during the season released decreasing numbers of pycnidiospores with increases in sprinkling duration; "unwashed" rachises collected from 2.2 to 2.5 m high in the tree canopy released increasingly high levels of pycnidiospores until 5 h after sprinkler irrigation. In inoculation experiments, higher pycnidiospore concentrations resulted in greater incidence and severity of disease than resulted from lower concentrations, in both male and female pistachio. Altering the irrigation-sprinkler trajectory angle from 23 degrees to 12 degrees significantly reduced the disease in three commercial orchards in California. AN: 94-056770 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 127 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of temperature and wetness duration on infection of pistachio by Botryosphaeria dothidea and management of disease by reducing duration of irrigation. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1992). v. 82(12) p. 1399-1406. LA: En (English) ENAB: The optimum temperatures for growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the cause of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, were 27-30 C on potato-dextrose agar. The optimum temperatures for pycnidiospore germination were 24-36 C. Pycnidiospores that germinated at 36-39 C failed to develop colonies. Optimum temperatures for disease development on artificially inoculated fruit were 27-33 C and for development of pycnidial initials and pycnidia on fruit, 30 C. The latent period for pycnidia development on pistachio fruit naturally infected by B. dothidea was shorter at 33 C than at 10-27 C. Pycnidia did not develop at 6 C and formed on only about 17% of the fruit at 10 C. Field-inoculated pistachio leaves kept wet continuously for 0-72 h developed no disease at wetness durations of 0-6 h; durations of 9-12 h or longer resulted in symptoms and increased disease severity. Ninety-seven and 100% of the inoculated leaves had lesions, approximately 25 and 48% of them showing more than 10 lesions per leaf after 48 and 72 h of wetness duration, respectively. Disease incidence of leaves was best described by a third-order polynomial regression equation. Cluster blight, fruit with pycnidia, and leaf (0.4-6.0%) and petiole blight (15-84.4%) occurred only after 18 h of wetness and increased linearly with wetness durations of 18-72 h. In field experiments, two to four additional 12-h wetness periods after an initial 12-h infection period interrupted by 12-h dry periods resulted in greater disease incidence and severity on leaves. Reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation from 24 to 12 h in one orchard in Butte County resulted in reduction of the disease (infected fruit) from 31 to 20% (P = 0.10), from 60 to 48% (P = 0.08), and from 62 to 19% (P < 0.01) in 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively. In addition, reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation in the same orchard to 12 h resulted in significantly lower incidence and severity of infected leaves compared with leaves from trees irrigated for 24 h. Similarly, in 1991 in a second orchard, reduction of duration of sprinkler irrigation from 48 to 24 h significantly lowered the incidence and the severity of leaves infected by B. dothidea. AN: 94-036648 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 128 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Irrigation response of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kanber,-R.; Yazar,-A.; Oender,-S.; Koeksal,-H. SO: Irrigation-Science (Germany). (1993). v. 14(1) p. 7-14. LA: En (English) AN: 94-033496 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 129 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation, regeneration and organogenesis of mango (Mangifera indica L.), kiwi (Actinidia arguta Planch. ex Miq.), pomeranate (Punica granatum var. nana (L.) Pers.) and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Yang,-Z. CA: Techn. Univ. Berlin, Fachbereich Internationale Agrarentwicklung, Inst. fuer Nutzpflanzenforschung, Fachgebiet Obstbau (Germany). SO: Berlin (Germany). Koester. 1993. 128 p. LA: En (English) AN: 94-033160 Record 130 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Dutch pistachio consumption trends upward. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (May 1993). (no. 5-93) p. 32-33. LA: En (English) AN: 94-029989 Record 131 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Development of pistachio as a crop in the United States. AU: Parfitt,-D.E. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (Aug 1991). (no. 82nd) p. 135-143. LA: En (English) AN: 93-114158 Record 132 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook in selected countries. AU: Nishiura,-K. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1992). (no. 11-92) p. 27-31. LA: En (English) AN: 93-113887 Record 133 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio tree: an interesting alternative. OT: El pistachero: una alternativa interesante. AU: Vargas-Garcia,-F.J.; Romero-Romero,-M.A. SO: Fruticultura-Profesional (Espana). (1993). (no.54) p. 101-108. LA: Es (Spanish) ESAB: El pistachero presenta un notable interes potencial para amplias areas espanolas. Puede constituir una alternativa a cultivos importantes. Todas las plantaciones existentes son jovenes. En este articulo se revisan diversos aspectos importantes relacionados con la introduccion de este frutal, haciendo particular referencia a los problemas derivados de la multiplicacion y eleccion del material vegetal. AN: 93-104428 Record 134 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Study of efficacy of some fungicides on causal agent of Pistachio gummosis]. AU: Mirabolfathy,-M.; Sharifi,-A.; Hedjaroude,-Gh.A. CA: Tehran Univ. (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 26(1-4) p. 47-56. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-096741 Record 135 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Study of pistachio gummosis in Rafsanjan area]. AU: Mirabolfathy,-M.; Ershad,-D.; Hedjaroude,-Gh.A. CA: Tehran Univ., Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 26(1-4) p. 1-11. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-096740 Record 136 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Oil content and fatty acid composition of kolkhong, Baneh, Badamak, pistachio and water-melon]. AU: Zand-Moghaddam,-A. CA: Univ. of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz (Iran Islamic Republic). Nutrition Dept. SO: Scientific-Journal-of-Agriculture (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). v. 15(1,2) p. 3-7. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-095821 Record 137 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of 2-naphthaleneacetic acid on alternate bearing of pistachio. OT: Effets de l' application d' acide naphtalene acetique sur l' alternance du pistachier. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruits (France). (1990). v. 45(3) p. 281-285. LA: En (English) FRAB: L' alternance observee chez le pistachier resulte de l' abscission des bourgeons de l' inflorescence avant maturite, durant une annee de forte recolte. L' etude vise a rechercher si l' ANA peut attenuer le phenomene. Des pulverisations a 5 000 ppm, repetees cinq fois a des intervalles de 30 jours (a partir de mi-juin) maintiennent 90, 1% des bourgeons floraux jusqu' a la periode de floraison. De ceux-ci seulement 8, 7% donnaient des inflorescences et des fruits chetifs (dans certains cas plus d' un par bourgeon). (Resume d' auteur). Photos. AN: 93-084267 Record 138 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Germination, root morphogenesis and growth rhythms in pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.)]. OT: Germination, morphogenese racinaire et rythmes de croissance du pistachier de l' Atlas (Pistacia atlantica Desf.). AU: Chaba,-B.; Chraa,-O.; Khichane,-M. CA: Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Paris (France); Nancy (France). 20 Mar - 6 Avr 1990. SO: Groupe d' Etude de l' Arbre, Paris (France). [Physiology of trees and shrubs in arid and semi-arid zones. Seminar Paris - Nancy (France), 1990 March 20 - April 6]. Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Seminaire Paris - Nancy, 20 mars - 6 avril 1990. Montrouge (France). John Libbey Eurotext. 1993. p. 465-472. LA: Fr (French) AN: 93-075549 Record 139 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Shorter sprinkler irrigations reduce Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P.; Grant,-J.A.; Olson,-W.H. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Nov-Dec 1992). v. 46(6) p. 28-32. LA: En (English) AN: 93-066266 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 140 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of hydrogen cyanamide on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1989). v. 43(3) p. 125-128. LA: En (English) AN: 93-063260 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 141 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Common pistachio-tree [the choice of the rootstocks]]. OT: Pistacchio [la scelta dei portainnesti]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (26 Sep 1991). v. 47(suppl.36) p. 51-52. LA: It (Italian) AN: 93-055290 Record 142 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Fat content and fatty acid composition in individual seeds of pistachio varieties grown in Turkey. OT: Fettgehalt und Fettsaeurezusammensetzung in Einzelsamen verschiedener Pistaziensorten aus der Tuerkei. AU: Garcia,-J.M.; Agar,-I.T.; Streif,-J. SO: Gartenbauwissenschaft (Germany). (1992). v. 57(3) p. 130-133. LA: En (English) AN: 93-045384 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 143 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio situation. AU: Nishiura,-K. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1991). (no. 11-91) p. 31-33. LA: En (English) AN: 93-043253 Record 144 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Vegetive development and water strees of the Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) root stocks under salinity conditions]. OT: Desarrollo vegetativo y estado hidrico de cultivares y portainjertos de pistache (Pistacia spp.) en condiciones de salinidad. AU: Figueroa-Viramontes,-Uriel; Baca-Castillo,-Gustavo-A.; Larque-Saavedra,-Alfonso; Martinez-Garza,-Angel SO: Agrociencia (Mexico). Serie Fitociencia. (1990). v. 1(2) p. 135-150. LA: Es (Spanish) ENAB: The pistachio cultivars Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 (Pistacia vera) and the root-stocks P. atlantica and P. terebinthus were evaluated in five Cl concentrations: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 ppm. P. atlantica was the only species growing in the 6000 ppm treatment. According to analysis of regression, shoot dry weight in Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 decreased as Cl concentration was increased in the nutrient solution, however this was not true for rootstocks because they showed growth flushes. Transpiration rate and water vapor diffusion resistance of Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 cultivars were not affected by Cl concentration, except that diffusion resistance of CAEVAJ 3-5 increased with the 6000 ppm Cl treatment; leaf was not affected by Cl treatments, while the increased as Cl concentration increased; therefore, the "osmoregulation" salt tolerance mechanism works for pistachio. ESAB: Se evaluo el comportamiento de los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 de pistache (Pistacia vera) y de las especies para portainjerto P. atlantica y P. terebinthus en cinco concentraciones de salinidad: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 y 6000 ppm de Cl. P. atlantica fue la unica especie que mantuvo su crecimiento activo en el tratamiento de 6000 ppm. La produccion de materia seca (M.S.) en parte aerea se disminuyo de manera lineal significativa en Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 en funcion de la concentracion de Cl; lo anterior no ocurrio en los portainjertos porque el crecimiento se presento en los flujos. Los valores de transpiracion y resistencia a flujo de vapor de agua de los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 no fueron afectados por la concentracion de Cl, excepto en el tratamiento de 6000 ppm en CAEVAJ 3-5 donde se incremento la resistencia a la difusion. El en la hoja no fue afectado por los tratamientos de Cl en tanto que el aumento en funcion de la concentracion de Cl, lo cual indica que opero el mecanismo de tolerancia de osmorregulacion. AN: 93-035869 Record 145 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Studies on artificial pollination of pistachio flowers. AU: Ayfer,-M.; Kuru,-C. CA: Expert Consultation on the Promotion of Nut Production in Europe and Near East Regions. Yalova (Turkey). 19-22 Jun 1990. SO: Menini,-U.G. (ed.); Olez,-H. (ed.); Buyukyilmaz,-M. (ed.); Ozelkok,-S. (ed.). FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, Yalova (Turkey). Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Inst. Nut production and industry in Europe, Near East and North Africa. Proceedings. European System of Cooperative Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCORENA). Rome (Italy). Jun 1990. p. 343-346. LA: En (English) AN: 93-024453 Record 146 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio research and development in the Near East, North Africa and Southern Europe. AU: Kaska,-N. CA: Expert Consultation on the Promotion of Nut Production in Europe and Near East Regions. Yalova (Turkey). 19-22 Jun 1990. SO: Menini,-U.G. (ed.); Olez,-H. (ed.); Buyukyilmaz,-M. (ed.); Ozelkok,-S. (ed.). FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, Yalova (Turkey). Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Inst. Nut production and industry in Europe, Near East and North Africa. Proceedings. European System of Cooperative Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCORENA). Rome (Italy). Jun 1990. p. 133-160. LA: En (English) AN: 93-022387 Record 147 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Studies on adaptation and behaviour of pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) and fig tree (Ficus carica L.). 1988-1991 period]. OT: Estudios sobre adaptacion y comportamiento de pistachero (Pistacia vera L.) e higuera (Ficus carica L.). Periodo 1988-1991. AU: Couceiro-Lopez,-J.F. CA: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo (Espana). Servicio de Investigacion y Experimentacion Agraria. SO: Toledo (Espana). Consejeria de Agricultura. 1992. 23 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 93-022386 Record 148 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of debudding and defruiting on alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Caruso,-T.; Di-Marco,-L.; Motisi,-A.; Raimondo,-A. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1992). v. 46(3) p. 170-174. LA: En (English) AN: 93-013857 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 149 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio rootstock affected by big freeze. AU: Maranto,-J. SO: California-grower (USA). (Sep 1991). v. 15(9) p. 32. LA: En (English) AN: 92-112811 Record 150 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Models simulate U.S. pistachio prices. AU: Jolly,-D.A.; Norris,-K. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1992). v. 46(3) p. 14-16. LA: En (English) AN: 92-111437 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 151 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Effect of Calocoris norvegicus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on pistachio yields. AU: Purcell,-M.; Welter,-S.C. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Feb 1991). v. 84(1) p. 114-119. LA: En (English) ENAB: Exposure of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut clusters to adult Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin) during different periods of pistachio nut development showed that the period of susceptibility occurred between nut set and shell hardening, or between early April and early June. Correlation of pistachio nut development with degree-days accumulated after 75% bloom in 1987 predicted shell hardening to occur within 2 d of observed shell hardening in 1988. Abortion rates of pistachio nuts exposed to C. norvegicus for 1 wk were not significantly higher than unexposed nut clusters. However, rates of epicarp lesion in the exposed clusters were significantly higher, which would lead to nut abortion and potential yield losses within a few weeks after exposure to C. norvegicus. The effect of C. norvegicus on yields of pistachios in the Sacramento valley was determined by creating four levels of epicarp lesion damage. Among the different levels of damage, epicarp lesion ranged from 4 to 48%. The number of nuts remaining on the clusters was significantly reduced in the highest damage level. Regression of percentage epicarp lesion with pistachio yields at harvest indicated that 31% of the variation in yield was explained by epicarp lesion due to C. norvegicus. The timing of insecticide treatments before the adult phase of C. norvegicus was shown to be an important means of protecting pistachios from extensive early season damage. AN: 92-105117 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 152 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Verticillium wilt resistance in pistachio rootstock cultivars: assays and an assessment of two interspecific hybrids. AU: Morgan,-D.P.; Epstein,-L.; Ferguson,-L. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Mar 1992). v. 76(3) p. 310-313. LA: En (English) AN: 92-095425 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 153 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Mateur). AU: Abousalim,-A.; Mantell,-S.H. SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture (Netherlands). (Jun 1992). v. 29(3) p. 231-234. LA: En (English) AN: 92-082204 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 154 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Salt resistance of pistachio. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Storey,-J.B.; Miyamoto,-S. SO: Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. St. Joseph, Mich. (USA). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1990. p. 378-383. LA: En (English) AN: 92-065878 Record 155 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [The pistachio nut]. OT: O pistaquio. SO: O-Pais-Agricola (Portugal). (Jun 1990). (no.85) p. 71-72. LA: Pt (Portuguese) AN: 92-051934 Record 156 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Outlook for tree nut crop development in Syria, Jordan and Egypt (almond, pistachio, walnut and pecan). AU: Papademetriou,-M.K. SO: Rome (Italy). 1989. 52 p. LA: En (English) AN: 92-051930 Record 157 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio cultivars and prospects for improvement. AU: Parfitt,-D. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1990). (no. 81st) p. 132-134. LA: En (English) AN: 92-041951 Record 158 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Propagating Texas black walnut, Juglans microcarpa an Texas pistachio, Pistachia texana, from rotted cuttings. AU: Shreve,-L.W. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1990). (no. 81st) p. 20-21. LA: En (English) AN: 92-040729 Record 159 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Study of some physiological aspects of chilling and blooming of pistachio (Pistacia vera)]. OT: Etude de certains aspects de la physiologie de la floraison et de la fructification chez le pistachier (Pistacia vera). AU: Oukabli,-A. CA: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2, Rabat (Morocco). SO: Rabat (Morocco). Sep 1990. 100 p. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Etude de certains aspects physiologiques de la floraison et de la fructification chez le pistachier notamment le besoin en froid et les problemes de chute des bourgeons. AN: 92-032805 Record 160 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [DNOC effects on bud burst and flowering of females pistachio tree in Ain Taujdate Station [Morocco]]. OT: Effet du DNOC sur le debourrement et la floraison des pistachiers femelles de la Station d' Ain Taoujdate [Maroc]. AU: Mansouri,-L.; Ben-Amor,-T.; Laghezali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 24-31. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Presentation des resultats des essais de traitement au DNOC pour etudier son effet sur la precocite du debourrement et de la floraison des arbres femelles du pistacia. AN: 92-032758 Record 161 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Histological and anatomical study of pistachio tree grafting]. OT: Etude histologique et anatomique du greffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera). AU: Laghezali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 90-94. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Apercu sur le processus de soudure ou de non soudure de la greffe, par observation histologique sur coupe d' union de greffe du pistachier associee a l' observation macroscopique. AN: 92-031288 Record 162 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Realizations of "National Institute of Agricultural Research" concerning pistachio tree]. OT: Realisations de l' INRA [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique] en matiere de pistachier. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 95-104. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Presentation des resultats des essais entrepris par l' Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, portant sur la multiplication, la pollinisation et l' alternance du pistachier au Maroc. AN: 92-031118 Record 163 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Contribution to the study of pistachio tree alternation]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de l' alternance chez le pistachier. AU: Oukabli,-A.; Laghzali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 69-73. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Apercu sur l' alternance chez le pistachier dont le phenomene principal est la chute des bourgeons a fleurs, avec un bref sur l' effet des traitements. AN: 92-031117 Record 164 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The status of pistachio cultivation in Texas and the Southwest. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Proceedings-annual-conference-Texas-Pecan-Growers-Association (USA). (1991). v. 65(67/69) p. 40-42. LA: En (English) AN: 92-010104 Record 165 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Studies on the nutritive value of some edible nuts [almond, groundnut, pine nut, walnut, cashew nut, pistachio nut and apricot stone keruel] available in the local market of Peshawar [Pakistan]. AU: Saleem,-A.; Hussain,-M.; Shah,-S.S.H.; Nazli,-M. SO: Sarhad-Journal-of-Agriculture (Pakistan). (Apr 1991). v. 7(2) p. 53-55. LA: En (English) AN: 91-112804 Record 166 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Boron uptake and effects on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pistachio seedlings. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1991). v. 116(4) p. 706-711. LA: En (English) ENAB: Seedlings of three pistachio rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L., and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica) and of the pistachio scion cultivar Kerman (P. vera. L.) were grown in calcareous sandy loam irrigated with B solutions (0 to 15 mg.liter(-1)) in a greenhouse. After 10.5 months of B treatment, rootstock seedling growth (root + stem weight and leaf dry weight, area, and number per plant) had decreased linearly with B application, which provided up to 48.9 mg B/liter in the soil saturation extract. Growth of P. terebinthus was greater than P. atlantica throughout the concentration range, but species sensitivity to B did not differ. Nine months of B at concentrations up to 10.7 mg.liter(-1) in the saturation extract did not alter the growth of P. vera seedlings. Leaf B concentrations of all species increased linearly with saturation extract B concentration after each of two growing periods and were higher in leaves of P. terebinthus than P. atlantica. From 62% to 75% of B was present in leaf tissue of the rootstock seedlings, with lower quantities in roots and stems. Boron toxicity appeared initially as interveinal chlorosis and apical necrosis of 1-month-old, fully expanded leaflets of the rootstock species. By 4 months, symptoms in some treatments advanced to severe necrosis of leaflets. Boron addition increased the concentrations of total leaf sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and root starch, decreased root glucose concentrations, and had no effect on other root carbohydrates of P. vera seedlings. Leaf carbohydrate supply limitations and altered root carbohydrate status may be consequences of high B in P. vera seedling leaves. AN: 91-106399 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 167 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Ecological study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionu) (licht.) (Homoptera psyllidae) in Mosulregion, Iraq]. OT: Dira:sat> bi:' iyyat> 3ala> h"as"arat> basli:d al-fustuq Agnoscena targionu (Licht.) (Psyllidae, Homoptera) fi: mant*aqat> al-mu:s*al. AU: Mohammad,-M.A.; Sheet,-A.I. SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection (Lebanon). Maj"allat> wiqa:yat> al-naba:t al-3arabiyyat>. (1989). v. 7(2) p. 138-142. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: An ecological study on the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae, Homoptera) was conducted in Ninevah Governorate, Iraq during 1987 and 1988. The percentage of infestation varied from one region to another within the Governorate and was relatively higher at the Governorate centre (78%), while it was (54%) in Hammam Al-Alil, (30%) in Aski Mosul and (25%) in Homaidate regions. The pest occurred between the 2nd week of May and the end of October with peak abundance during the 4th week of September then overwintered as adult under bark and in crevecies of pistachio trees for the forthcoming 6 months from the end of October to the end of April. The 4th and 5th instar nymphs were attacked by an endoparasite belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Rate of parasitism ranged 1.2 - 15.9%. Irrigation intervals for pistachio seedlings affected clearly and significantly the population density of nymphs than eggs. Average of nymphs number at irrigation every 3 days was 88.2/10 leaves, while it was 39 and 25 nymphs/10 leaves at irrigation every 5 and 7 days respectively. At the same periods of irrigation, average of eggs number were 118.6, 105 and 55.6 eggs/10 leaves, respectively. AN: 91-080060 Record 168 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pathogenicity, distribution, sources of inoculum, and infection courts of Botryosphaeria dothidea on pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (May 1991). v. 81(5) p. 566-573. LA: En (English) ENAB: A panicle and shoot blight disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is reported for the first time on pistachio in California. The disease was prevalent in northern counties Butte, Tehama, and Glenn) and sporadic in southern counties (Madera, Fresno, Kings, and Kern). In early spring, symptoms of panicle and shoot blight resulted from continued activity of the pathogen in buds infected the previous summer and fall. Shoot blight symptoms included dark brown to black lesions at the base of current-season shoots, followed by the wilting and drying of leaves, which remained attached to their shoots. Panicle and shoot infections caused perennial cankers. The infection of petioles, leaves, fruit, and rachises was evidenced by expanding lesions, which resulted in the death of the structures involved. The infection of panicles usually occurred at the base, causing fruit to shrivel and remain on the tree even after mechanical shaking for harvest. Current-season shoots and panicles were susceptible to artificial inoculations throughout the growing season. Infected rachises, petioles, fruit, and leaf blades were retained longer on the tree than corresponding healthy plant parts and provided inoculum (pycnidiospores) for winter and spring infections. In addition, pycnidia that had formed on current-season infected rachises, fruit, blighted shoots, petioles, and leaf lesions provided inoculum for summer and fall infections. Moreover, the fungus remained active as mycelium in perennial shoot cankers. Light and scanning electron microscopy indicated that germ tubes of conidia of B. dothidea entered through the stomata of the upper or lower surfaces of leaves. rachises, and shoots, and also through the lenticels on pistachio fruit. AN: 91-071827 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 169 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Rapid testing of salinity effects on Pistachio seedling rootstocks. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1991). v. 116(3) p. 555-559. LA: En (English) ENAB: A laboratory procedure was used to evaluate saline tolerance of pistachio rootstock species. Results were compared to those from a 2-year, outdoor lysimeter study to test reliability of the method. Excised root tips from seedlings of Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L. (two selections), and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica (Pioneer Gold II, or PG II), were exposed to laboratory solutions that simulated soil solution electrical conductivity (EC) and Na:Ca ratios in the lysimeters. Following 24 hours of incubation, the efflux of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing solutes was measured, providing an indication of cell membrane permeability. Leakage occurred with saline solutions comparable to lysimeter soil water salinity that increased leaf Na concentrations and decreased average root growth (175 mm NaCl with 12.5 mm Ca, or EC of 18.1 dS.m-1). Cell injury increased linearly with salinity (R2 = 0.81) and was highest in root tips of a P. terebinthus selection having least Na exclusion capability in the lysimeters. On average, these excised roots lost 38% more solutes than roots of a stronger Na-excluding genotype. There were no differences in leakage responses of the other species and selections. Leakage intensity was independent of various stress media, including isosmotic CaCl2, mannitol, and the simulated Na/Ca mixtures in molar ratios of 10:1 to 20:1. With no Ca, however, damage caused by isosmotic NaCl was 76% to 87% higher, indicating that for these species, the Na:Ca ratio can alter root cell membrane permeability. Correlation between long-term observations in the lysimeters and leakage occurrence in the laboratory indicates that solute leakage tests with roots may aid in characterizing Pistacia spp. rootstocks for saline conditions. AN: 91-069872 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 170 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Pistachio growing [Portugal]]. OT: Cultura da pistacea. AU: Vaz,-J.T. SO: Vida-Rural (Portugal). (15 Jun 1990). (no.12) p. 8-11. LA: Pt (Portuguese) AN: 91-058986 Record 171 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Susceptibility of pistachio male cultivars to Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Apr 1991). v. 75(4) p. 410-415. LA: En (English) AN: 91-051996 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 172 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Determination of the country of origin of pistachio nuts by DSC and HPLC. AU: Dyszel,-S.M.; Pettit,-B.C. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Dec 1990). v. 67(12) p. 947-951. LA: En (English) AN: 91-038424 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 173 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Genetic diversity of walnut, pistachio, and almond at Davis NCGR. AU: Almehdi,-A.A.; Parfitt,-D.E. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1989). (no. 80th) p. 25-29. LA: En (English) AN: 91-031694 Record 174 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The Australian pistachio 'Sirora'. AU: Maggs,-D.H. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Oct 1990). v. 44(4) p. 178-179. LA: En (English) AN: 91-031693 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 175 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: O'Connell,-J. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1990). (no. 11-90) p. 12-14. LA: En (English) AN: 91-029532 Record 176 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio culls acceptable in livestock feed. AU: Hull,-J.L.; Dunbar,-J.R.; DePeters,-E.J.; Teranishi,-H.R.; McDougald,-N.K. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1989). v. 43(3) p. 28-29. LA: En (English) AN: 91-024845 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 177 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The 'Achilles heel' of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Sep-Oct 1989). v. 43(5) p. 10-11. LA: En (English) AN: 91-023496 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 178 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Characteristics of pistachio selected rootstocks]. AU: Sheibany,-Ahmad SO: Nahal-o-Bazr-Research-Journal-Seed-and-Plant-Improvement-Institute-Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 6(1,2) p. 42-59. LA: Fa (Persian) ENAB: For centuries, pistachio was considered a noncommercial product in the Middle Eastern Countries. It was not until the last half-century, however that it became an important nut crop in Iran and other favorable countries. According to reports of Kerman Agricultural Statistics and Economics Office, there has been an area of 115,500 hectares bearing pistachio orchards in Iran in 1988, of which about 63,913 hectares were concentrated in the region of Rafsajan. In that year, total production of Kerman province amounted to 113,190 metric tons of this output 16,000 tons accounted for exports. Assuming the crop was sold for 4,000 US Dollar per ton, the country should have earned a revenue of 64,000,000 US Dollar. Recognizing the economic value of the pistachio plant, extensive research has been conducted on relevant subjects in the U.S. (California), Australia, as well as other countries. Also, in Iran, some investigations involving selection work have been done on the development of rootstocks, female pistachio varieties, and pollinators. One of these studies continued through a period of years has led to a number of adapted pistachio root stocks for the site of Rafsanjan. AN: 91-010632 Record 179 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Salt effects on growth and ion uptake of pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1990). v. 115(4) p. 647-653. LA: En (English) ENAB: The degree of salt resistance of Pistacia spp. grown in the western United States is not adequately known. This study evaluated seedling growth and ion uptake characteristics of two Pistacia spp. and one hybrid in outdoor lysimeters for two seasons. After 12 weeks, seedling stem elongation of P. atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L. (three selections), and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica (referred to as Gold II) was reduced by an average of 33% at soil solution salinity of 12.6 dS.m-1 (or 8.0 dS.m-1 in the saturation extract). Gold II was the most vigorous genotype and produced the greatest biomass in control and high-salt solutions. Decreases in root and stem growth (average of all seedlings combined) occurred at soil solution salinity of 13.8 dS.m-1 (or 8.7 dS.m-1 in the saturation extract). Increasing salinity resulted in a higher root to stem ratio, which was most pronounced in P. terebinthus. Comparatively small but significant differences in leaf Na and Cl concentrations between species and selections occurred. All species limited Na transport to leaf tissue up to 125 meq Na/liter in soil solution, storing the greatest amount in roots. Chloride concentrations on a dry-weight basis were substantially higher in leaves than in roots. Increasing salinity did not affect leaf K and Mg concentrations, whereas Ca was significantly reduced. Leaf Na and Cl concentrations of P. atlantica and P. terebinthus had significant correlation with Na and Cl concentrations in soil solutions (r = +0.83 to +0.94). AN: 90-125259 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 180 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Behaviour of pistachio (Pistacea spp) cultivars and rootstocks under salinity conditions]. OT: Comportamiento de cultivares y portainjertos de pistache (Pistacia spp) en condiciones de salinidad. AU: Figueroa-Viramontes,-U. CA: Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mex. (Mexico) Centro de Fruticultura. SO: Montecillo, Mex. (Mexico). 1989. 112 p. LA: Es (Spanish) ESAB: El experimento se desarrollo durante 1988; se utilizaron los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 de P. vera, asi como plantas de P. atlantica y P. terebinthus, los cuales crecieron en un sistema hidroponico, que consistio en recipientes de 9 l. de capacidad con agrolita como substrato, conectadas a otros de 3 l. donde drenaban los excesos de solucion. De los resultados obtenidos se resalta la ventaja de los portainjertos, sobre todo de P. atlantica, para prosperar bajo condiciones de alta salinidad; ademas esta mayor tolerancia relativa puede ser transmitida a los cultivares injertados. AN: 90-108543 Record 181 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Inflorescence bud retention in 'Kerman' pistachio: effects of defruiting date and branch size. AU: Wolpert,-J.A.; Ferguson,-L. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1990). v. 25(8) p. 919-921. LA: En (English) AN: 90-106965 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 182 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Three common pests of pistachio in California. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1990). v. 44(3) p. 6-8. LA: En (English) AN: 90-097662 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 183 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Economic study of pistachios (Pistacea vera L.). Simulation of a pistachio orchard in Chile]. OT: Estudio economico del pistacho (Pistacia vera L.). Simulacion de un huerto de pistacho en Chile. AU: Navarrete-O,-Ricardo CA: Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Esc. de Agronomia. SO: Santiago (Chile). 1989. 147 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 90-092363 Record 184 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Control of plant parasitic nematodes associated with apple and pistachio trees in Baluchistan [Pakistan]. AU: Maqbool,-M.A.; Qasim,-M. CA: US-Pakistan International Workshop on Plant Nematology. Karachi (Pakistan). 6-8 Apr 1986. SO: Maqbool,-M.A.; Golden,-A.M.; Ghaffar,-A.; Krusberg,-L.R. (eds.). Karachi Univ. (Pakistan). National Nematological Research Centre. Advances in plant nematology: Proceedings of the US-Pakistan international workshop on plant nematology April 6-8, 1986, Karachi, Pakistan. Karachi (Pakistan). NNRC. 1988. p. 271-274. LA: En (English) AN: 90-085377 Record 185 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [A shoot blight of Pistachio caused by Botryosphaeria ribis]. OT: Un disseccamento dei rami di pistacchio causato da Botryospaeria ribis. AU: Corazza,-L.; Chilosi,-G.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale,-Roma (Italy). (1986). v. 11 p. 95-98. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: In a pistachio collection, established near Rome in 1979, including varieties and selections, both italian and foreign, a severe dieback of the terminal shoots of several cultivars was observed. From "Ask", "Bronte", "Kerman" and "Red Aleppo" the conidial form of Botryosphaeria ribis Gross et Dugg. was isolated. The potential relevance of this pathogen in pistachio cultivation is emphasized. AO: ITALIANO: In una collezione di varieta e selezioni di Pistacchio, sia italiane che straniere, e stato osservato un forte disseccamento apicale dei rami di alcune cultivar. Da "Ask", "Kerman", "Red Aleppo" e stata isolata la forma conidica di Botryosphaeria ribis Gross. et Dugg. Viene sottolineata l'importanza che questo patogeno potrebbe assumere per la coltura del Pistacchio. AN: 90-075113 Record 186 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Some observations about Pistachio rust in Italy]. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza,-L.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Frutticoltura,-Roma (Italy). (1985). v. 16 p. 49-51. Received 1988. LA: It (Italian) AN: 90-075112 Record 187 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: The pistachio as a study case for crop trees in arid zones. AU: Golan-Goldhirsh,-A. CA: [Israeli-Portuguese workshop: Intensive Farming in Arid and Semiarid Regions]. Faro (Portugal). Mar 1988. SO: Faro (Portugal). UNICAMA. 1988. 9 p. LA: En (English) ENAB: The study of pistachio provides us with two avenues of human endevour: 1) basic biological research on infertility in plants and 2) development of techniques and methodologies for growing, transplanting and establishing trees overseas. This project enjoys very enthusiastic cooperation Prof. Miguel Mota and Eng. Abilio Mendes Gaspar of the Estacao Agronomica Nacional (EAN) in Portugal and the Plant Adaptation Research Unit of the Blaustein Institute for Desert Research in Israel. This pistachio project can hopefull provide a good study case for other tree crops suitable for arid zones (author). AN: 90-071206 Record 188 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Studies on mycotoxins in foods, 17: Investigation of the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxicols in commercial pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera], corns [Zea mays] and corn flours. AU: Saito,-K.; Nishijima,-M.; Yasuda,-K.; Kamimura,-H.; Ibe,-A.; Nagayama,-T.; Ushiyama,-H.; Naoi,-Y. SO: Journal-of-the-Food-Hygienic-Society-of-Japan (Japan). (Jun 1984). v. 25(3) p. 241-245. LA: Ja (Japanese) AN: 90-069056 Record 189 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Pistillate flower bud development and yearly growth cycle in Bianca pistachio variety in Sicily]. OT: Morfogenesi delle gemme a fiore in piante femminili di pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Crescimanno,-F.G.; Caruso,-T.; Raimondo,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Sep 1988). v. 50(9) p. 69-73. LA: It (Italian) AN: 90-062566 Record 190 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Study of the root-knot nematodes on pistachio in Iran. AU: Fariwar-Mehin,-H. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst., Rafsanjan (Iran). First International Congress of Nematology. Guelph, Ontario (Canada). 5-10 Aug 1984. SO: Proceedings of the first International Congress of Nematology [Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 1984]. Guelph. FICN. Aug 1984. p. 26-27. LA: En (English) ENAB: In 1966 damage due to the presence of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on pistachio was first reported in Rafsanjan, the most important pistachio growing region in Iran. Since 1971 scattered studies regarding the life pattern, damage and effects of different nematacides has been going on and starting from 1980 studies regarding the ecology of the pest has begun. The different species recognized on pistachio plants are Meloidogyne incognita on Pistacia vera, P. Palestina and P. atlantica; and M. Javanica and M. arenaria on P. vera. P. vera was found to be the most sensitive to nematodes and P. mutica the pest resistant. AN: 90-024756 Record 191 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of three pistachio cultivars as affected by soil applied boron. AU: Sepaskham,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M.; Yasrebi,-J. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1988). v. 63(4) p. 743-749. LA: En (English) AN: 89-143605 Record 192 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Biogeochemical cycles and soil formation in the pistachio groves of Batkhyz. AU: Glazovskaya,-M.A. SO: Soviet-soil-science (USA). (Sep-Oct 1988). v. 20(5) p. 87-99. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-136976 Record 193 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Composition, solubility, and electrophoretic patterns of proteins isolated from Kerman pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Shokraii,-E.H.; Esen,-A. SO: Journal-of-agricultural-and-food-chemistry (USA). (May-Jun 1988). v. 36(3) p. 425-429. LA: En (English) AN: 89-112071 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 194 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Rate of destructive processes in Badkhyz pistachio groves. AU: Chertov,-O.G.; Men'shikova,-G.P. SO: Problems-of-desert-development (USA). (1988). (no. 3) p. 59-65. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-111369 Record 195 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: The life history and pest status of the pistachio bud moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler on Pistacia vera in Iran (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae). AU: Samet,-Kh. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst., Tehran (Iran). SO: Entomologist's-gazette (Iran). (Feb 1982). v. 33 p. 33-35. LA: En (English) AN: 89-106212 Record 196 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Seasonal population fluctuation of nematodes on pistachio in Baluchistan. AU: Qasim,-M.; Hashmi,-S. SO: International-nematology-network-newsletter (USA). (Sep 1988). v. 5(3) p. 50-53. LA: En (English) AN: 89-106210 Record 197 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Forecasts of grass yield in Badkhyz pistachio. AU: Gannibal,-B.K. SO: Problems-of-desert-development (USA). (1988). (no. 2) p. 71-74. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-102434 Record 198 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Walnut and pistachio situation. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1988). (no. 11-88) p. 15-16, 19. LA: En (English) AN: 89-102063 Record 199 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Flower synchronization of staminate and pistillate pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis,-I.C.; Voyiatzis,-D.G. CA: 5. International Symposium on Growth Regulators in Fruit Production. Bologna-Rimini (Italy). 2-6 Sep 1985. SO: Luckwill,-L.C. (Beverley Kings Road, Clevedon, Avon (UK)). International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). Fifth international symposium on growth regulators in fruit production. Wageningen (Netherlands). ISHS. 1986. p. 521-527. LA: En (English) AN: 89-084951 Record 200 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Aflatoxin detection in single pistachio nuts and in different fluorescent categories. OT: ta3i:ni miqda:ri a:fla:tuksi:nha: dar yik da:ni pitstih wa rea:bitiyi a:lu:diqi:bi i:n su:mu:m wa h*a:si:yati flursa:nci pistih. AU: Haghighi,-B. CA: Isfahan Univ. (Iran). Dept. of Biochemistry. SO: Research-Bulletin-of-Isfahan-University (Iran). (1988). v. 2(1,2) p. 22-31. LA: Pe (Persian) ENAB: A high-speed fiber optic sorter was used to separate three categories of nuts (bright greenish- Yellow, BGY, purple, others) based on the fluorescent properties of the nuts. The relationship between aflatoxin contamination and each of these fluorescence categories are described. A micro method for aflatoxin determination in individual pistachio nut is presented with excellent recovery percentage (75-116%). AN: 89-073170 Record 201 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), in California. AU: Rice,-R.E.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Oct 1988). v. 81(5) p. 1446-1449. LA: En (English) ENAB: A pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker, is a pest of pistachios in North Africa and Mediterranean and Middle East countries. It was first discovered in North America in Chico, California, in 1967. Its distribution now includes major portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and limited areas of southern California. Hosts recorded worldwide include eight species of Pistacia and one species of Shinus. Nut and sticky trap collections indicate two primary flight periods per year. AN: 89-072084 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 202 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Sites of epicarp lesion and kernel necrosis in relationship to symptoms and phenology of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Aug 1988). v. 81(4) p. 1152-1154. LA: En (English) AN: 89-058643 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 203 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Association of the boxelder bug (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) with epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Sanders,-R.D. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Aug 1988). v. 81(4) p. 1148-1151. LA: En (English) AN: 89-058642 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 204 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Low temperature storage of pistachio pollen. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Luza,-J.G. SO: Euphytica (Netherlands). (1988). v. 39(3) p. 265-269. LA: En (English) AN: 89-056448 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 205 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Fruit characteristics of four pistachio cultivars cultivated in Sicily]. OT: Caratteristiche carpologiche di 4 cultivar di pistacchio coltivate in Sicilia. AU: Caruso,-T.; Di-Marco,-L.; Giovannini,-D.; Di-Pisa,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Sep-Oct 1986). v. 48(9-10) p. 63-66. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: The authors refer to the most important fruit characteristics of the widespread pistachio cultivars in Sicily, growing in different zones: "Bianca", "Cerasola", "Insolita" and "Silvana". Among the characteristics examined, - size, dehiscence, weight, yield of dehulled nuts, chemical composition of fruits - none of them seem to be influenced by the cultivation techniques and the environmental conditions. AN: 89-044317 Record 206 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Sheets per species. Pistacia vera. Green almond, pistachio nut]. OT: Fiches par espece. Pistacia vera. Pistachier. SO: Zuang,-H.; Barret,-P.; Beau,-C. (eds.). Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Legumes, Paris (France); Conservatoire Botanique de Porquerolles (France); Geyser, Saint-Michel l' Observatoire (France). [New fruit species]. Nouvelles especes fruitieres. Paris (France). CTIFL. 1988. p. 142-147. LA: Fr (French) AN: 89-022874 Record 207 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Intraclonal variation in pollen germinability in kiwifruit, pistachio and walnut as influenced by tree age. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Weinbaum,-S.A. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (1988). v. 36(1) p. 97-102. LA: En (English) AN: 89-004004 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 208 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Longevity of pistachio pollen determined by in vitro germination. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Luza,-J.G. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1988). v. 113(2) p. 214-217. LA: En (English) AN: 88-092598 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 209 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The effect of dormant pruning on shell dehiscence of the endocarp in pistachio fruits. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruits (France). (1986). v. 41(1) p. 55-56. LA: En (English) FRAB: Une taille assez severe, qui supprime plus de 30% de feuillage, reduit de 10 a 20% l' eclatement des pistaches. Le poids de la noix n' est pas affecte. L' allongement du rameau est plus important, mais les differences ne sont pas significatives. Le niveau de l' azote est significativement plus eleve que chez le temoin. Le niveau de l' azote semble affecter la dehiscence des pistaches. AN: 88-091320 Record 210 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Reconsideration of the cause of inflorescence bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1987). v. 22(6) p. 1315-1316. LA: En (English) AN: 88-078495 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 211 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Development and improvement of pistachio productivity in northern Syria]. OT: Tat*wi:r/u wa-tah"si:n/u ' inta:j"iyyat>/u al-fustuq/u al-h"alabi: fi: s"ama:l/i su:riyyat>/a. AU: Hosein,-A.H.; Ibrahim,-I.H. CA: Agricultural Development Week in Aleppo and Northern Syria. Aleppo (Syria). 12-17 Jul 1986. SO: Agricultural Development Week in Aleppo and Northern Syria [Aleppo, Syria, 12-17 Jul 1986]. ' isbu:3 al-tanmiyat>/u al-zira:3iyyat>/u fi: muh"a:faz*at>/i h"alab wa-s"ama:l/i su:riya. Aleppo (Syria). [nd]. p. 33-34. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 88-077342 Record 212 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Contribution to the study on some aspects of the floral biology of Pistachio trees (pisticia vera) in Tunisia]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de quelques aspects de la biologie florale du pistachier. AU: Bel-Felah-Ben-Salah,-Z. CA: Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (Tunisia). SO: Tunis (Tunisia). 1986. 88 p. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-04195. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Memoire d' etude sur quelques aspects de la biologie relative aux fleurs du pistachier - Donnees sur la floraison, la pollinisation, la differenciation florale, la germination du pollen et la croissance du fruit botanique apres fecondation. Materiel, methode d' experimentations et resultats. AN: 88-069695 Record 213 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Studies on the hymenopterous pests of pistachio nuts and their control: Eurytoma plotnikovi nikolskaya 1934 (Eurytomidae) and Megastigmus pistaciae Walker 1874 (Torymidae). AU: Kafisheh,-W. CA: Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem (Israel). Faculty of Agriculture. Dept. of Entomology. SO: Rehovot (Israel). Hebrew Univ. 1986. 52 p. LA: He (Hebrew) AN: 88-063464 Record 214 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The history of the American pistachio industry. AU: Vietmeyer,-N.D.; Reid,-W. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1986). (no. 77th) p. 39-42. LA: En (English) AN: 88-052544 Record 215 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Variation in tree size, yield, cropping efficiency, and alternate bearing among 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Johnson,-R.S.; Weinbaum,-S.A. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1987). v. 112(6) p. 942-945. LA: En (English) AN: 88-051867 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 216 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Succession and significance of several hemipterans attacking a pistachio orchard. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Rice,-R.E.; Ogawa,-J.M. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Apr 1987). v. 80(2) p. 398-406. LA: En (English) AN: 88-014024 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 217 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), culture techniques]. OT: El pistacho (Pistacia vera L.), tecnicas del cultivo. AU: Badia-D,-Isabel CA: Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Facultad de Agronomia. SO: Santiago (Chile). 1985. 118 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 88-011717 Record 218 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Some observations about Pistachio rust in Italy]. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza,-L.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale,-Roma (Italy). (1985). v. 10 p. 39-42. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: On leaves of Pistacia vera cv Bronte and 'Chico' a severe attack of Pileolaria terebinthi (DC) Cast. (Syn. Uromyces terebinthi (DC) Winter) was observed. Some aspects of the morphology of the fungus and different reaction of Pistacia spp. to the rust are reported. AN: 88-004951 Record 219 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Bird problems in California pistachio production. AU: Crabb,-A.C.; Salmon,-T.P.; Marsh,-R.E. SO: Proceedings-...-Vertebrate-Pest-Conference (USA). (Jun 1986). (no. 12th) p. 295-302. LA: En (English) AN: 88-004557 Record 220 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Vegetative and reproductive apical dominance in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1985). v. 20(6) p. 1092-1093. LA: En (English) AN: 87-115716 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 221 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Monselise,-S.P. (ed.). CRC handbook of fruit set and development. Boca Raton, Fla. (USA). CRC Press. 1986. p. 389-399. LA: En (English) AN: 87-105044 Record 222 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Methyl bromide fumigation treatments for pistachio nuts to decrease residues and control navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). AU: Hartsell,-P.L.; Nelson,-H.D.; Tebbets,-J.C.; Vail,-P.V. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Oct 1986). v. 79(5) p. 1299-1302. LA: En (English) AN: 87-085863 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 223 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Relationship of wound-induced peroxidase activity to epicarp lesion development in maturing pistachio fruit. AU: Bostock,-R.M.; Thomas,-C.S.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Uyemoto,-J.K. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1987). v. 77(2) p. 275-282. LA: En (English) AN: 87-085523 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 224 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The effect of fertilization on growth and productivity of Pistachio vera under arid zone conditions. OT: Ta:' t"i:r/u a:ltasmi:d/i 3ala> tat*wi:r/i a:lnmw/i wa inta:j"i:at/u a:lfustuq a:lh"alabi: fi: a:lmana:t*iq/i a:lj"afat/i. AU: Shaher,-M. CA: 24. Science Week. Aleppo (Syria). 3-9 Nov 1984. SO: Supreme Council of Sciences, Damascus (Syria). 24th Science Week. Part 5. Damascus (Syria). SCS. 1984. p. 169-222. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: The experiments of this study had been between 1972-1978 where rainfall was the main resource for soil humidity. These experiments show that the fibrous roots were gathered at 20-100 cm horizon where the humidity and the mineral fertilizers were available. The growth rate of new branches was longer in fertilized trees. RE: See Also: 87-050129 AN: 87-082432 Record 225 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio tree. AU: Anderson,-H.P. III; Puryear,-K.L. SO: 23 Dec 1986. 2 p. LA: En (English) ENAB: A new and distinct variety of pistachio tree (identified as PN-83-F) characterized by a mature tree of rounded upright shape, having several main branches; rapid growth, abundant, leathery foliage, ease of propagation by budding or grafting; and further characterized by the abundant production of female flowers, in clusters, followed by seeds which are especially desirable for planting (when pollenized by the male variety, identified as PN-46-M), said hybrid seeds producing a fast growing, disease resistant tree of value for use as understock upon which to bud or graft commercial nut bearing varieties of pistachio such as 'Kerman'. AN: 87-072523 Record 226 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio yield and quality as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Oct 1986). v. 21(5) p. 1139-1140. LA: En (English) AN: 87-050502 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 227 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Relation of early splitting and tattering of pistachio nuts to aflatoxin in the orchard. AU: Sommer,-N.F.; Buchanan,-J.R.; Fortlage,-R.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jul 1986). v. 76(7) p. 692-694. LA: En (English) AN: 87-042053 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 228 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Verticillium wilt of pistachio. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Morgan,-D.P.; Surber,-E. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Jul-Aug 1986). v. 40(7/8) p. 21-24. LA: En (English) AN: 87-042052 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 229 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Isozyme analysis procedures for stone fruits, almond, grape, walnut, pistachio, and fig. AU: Arulsekar,-S.; Parfitt,-D.E. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1986). v. 21(4) p. 928-933. LA: En (English) AN: 87-040291 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 230 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: 'Pontikis' pistachio. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1986). v. 21(4) p. 1074. LA: En (English) AN: 87-039615 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 231 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Nutritive value and oil characteristics of selected tree nuts 1.Walnut, salted pistachio, unsalted pistachio and hazelnut (in Iraq). OT: Al-qi:ma al-g"id"a:' i:a wa h*awa:s* al-zayt li-ba3d* al-nuqil 1.Al-j"aws wa al-fustiq al-mumalah" wa al-fustiq g"ayr al-mumalah" wa al-bunduq (fi: al-3ira:q). AU: Al-Shabani,-A.M.; Al-Doori,-L.D.; Nori,-O.M. SO: Zanco (Iraq). (1986). v. 4(1) p. 93-100. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of walnut, pistachio, salted pistachio and hazelnut available in the local market. Also to study the physical and chemical characteristics of these nuts. AN: 87-036159 Record 232 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Water use requirements of pistachio trees and response to water stress. AU: Goldhamer,-D.A.; Kjelgren,-R.K.; Williams,-L.; Beede,-R. CA: National conference on advances in evapotranspiration. Hyatt Regency Chicago, Ill. (USA). 16-17 Dec 1985. SO: National Conference on Advances in Evapotranspiration, Hyatt Regency Chicago, Chicago, Ill., 16-17 Dec 1985. St. Joseph, Mich. (USA). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1985. p. 216-223. LA: En (English) AN: 87-021527 Record 233 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Role of several true bugs (Hemiptera) on incidence and seasonal development of pistachio fruit epicarp lesion disorder. AU: Uyemoto,-J.K.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Teranishi,-H.R.; Bostock,-R.M.; Pemberton,-W.M. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Apr 1986). v. 79(2) p. 395-399. LA: En (English) AN: 87-013418 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 234 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Effects of water stress and salinity on photosynthesis of pistachio. AU: Behboudian,-M.H.; Walker,-R.R.; Toeroekfalvy,-E. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (1986). v. 29(3) p. 251-261. LA: En (English) AN: 87-003014 Record 235 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Nutritional disease of pistachio trees: potassium and phosphorus deficiencies and chloride and boron toxicities. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A.; Surber,-E. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Oct 1985). v. 75(10) p. 1084-1091. LA: En (English) AN: 86-074607 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 236 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Verticillium wilt of pistachio: the influence of potassium nutrition on susceptibility to infection by Verticillium dahliae. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A.; Surber,-E. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Oct 1985). v. 75(10) p. 1091-1093. LA: En (English) AN: 86-074367 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 237 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [A contribution to the study of the germination of the almond, apricot, and pistachio seeds (Prunus amygdalus Batsch., Prunus armeniaca L., Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf.). 1: A determination of cold needs of seeds. 2: The effects of the 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) on the dormancy raising of seeds]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de la germination des graines d' amandier, d' abricotier et de pistachier (Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Prunus armeniaca L., Pistacia vera L. et Pistacia atlantica Desf.). 1: Determination des besoins en froid des graines. 2: Effets de la 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) et l' acide gibberellique (GA) sur la levee de dormance des graines. AU: N-Ait-M-Barek,-N. CA: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2, Rabat (Morocco). SO: Rabat (Morocco). Nov 1984. 98 p. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Memoire de 3e cycle en horticulture sur la germination des graines d' amandier, d' abricotier et de pistachier, etude des besoins en froid des graines et etude des effets de la 6-benzyl-aminopurine et de l' acide gibberellique sur la levee de dormance des graines dans le but d' ameliorer les pratiques culturales des arbres fruitiers et l' amelioration du developpement de ces derniers. AN: 86-060644 Record 238 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [The pistachio tree. A plant of future in the Moroccan semi-arid and arid areas]. OT: Le pistachier. Une espece d' avenir dans les regions semi-arides et arides du Maroc. AU: Mansouri,-L. CA: Seminaire National sur l' Agronomie Saharienne. Marrakech (Morocco). 6-8 May 1985. SO: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Rabat (Morocco). Station Centrale d' Agronomie Saharienne, Marrakech (Morocco). [[Proceedings of] the National Seminar on Saharian Agronomy]. [Comptes rendus du] Seminaire National sur l' Agronomie Saharienne. Marrakech (Morocco). 1985. p. 213-216. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Le pistachier est une plante de culture des zones presahariennes du Maroc, l' etude de ses particularites biologiques montre que c' est une espece fruitiere adaptee aux conditions du milieu aride de ces zones et a une valeur nutritive et une rentabilite qui lui conferent un interet non negligeable pour les cultures en bour. AN: 86-051547 Record 239 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: New findings on pistachio problems. AU: Rice,-R.E.; Uyemoto,-J.K.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Pemberton,-W.M. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Jan-Feb 1985). v. 39(1/2) p. 15-18. LA: En (English) AN: 86-015330 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 240 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio tree [Variety PN-46-M, rounded spreading growth habit, pleasing green color of mature foliage, production of male flowers and pollen, used as understock upon which to bud or graft commercial nut bearing varieties; USA]. AU: Anderson,-H.P.; Puryear,-K.L. SO: 15 Mar 1983. 2 p. LA: En (English) AN: 85-095416 Record 241 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Some fruit productions which depend on wind pollination: walnut, hazelnut, olive, date-palm, pistachio]. AU: Crossa-Raynaud,-P. SO: Pesson,-P.; Louveaux,-J. (eds.). [Pollination and plant productions]. Pollinisation et productions vegetales. Paris (France). INRA. 1984. p. 163-180. LA: Fr (French) AN: 85-085027 Record 242 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Nematodes in pistachio orchards [California]. AU: McKenry,-M.V.; Kretsch,-J.O. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Nov-Dec 1984). v. 38(11/12) p. 21. LA: En (English) AN: 85-076220 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 243 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Grafting pistachio trees]. OT: Prisazhdane na fistashkata. AU: Borisova-Velkova,-D. CA: Tsentralen S"vet na Natsionalniya Agrarno-Promishlen S"yuz, Sofia (Bulgaria). Selskostopanska Akademiya. SO: Ovoshcharstvo (Bulgaria). Fruit-Growing. (1984). v. 63(11) p. 15-16. LA: Bg (Bulgarian) AN: 85-073808 Record 244 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) nuts germination and subsequent seedling growth (in Iraq). AU: Yousif,-H.Y.; Hassan,-K.; Al-Saadoon,-H. SO: Zanco (Iraq). (1984). v. 2(2) p. 43-54. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 85-065499 Record 245 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Leaffooted bug (Hemiptera:Coreidae) and epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits [Leptoglossus clypealis, Pistacia vera, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Bostock,-R.M.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology (USA). (Oct 1984). v. 77(5) p. 1163-1165. LA: En (English) AN: 85-051988 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 246 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio production problems [Pistacia vera, shell dehiscene, epicarp lesion, California]. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal (USA). (Jul 1984). v. 38(3) p. 74-85. LA: En (English) AN: 85-035235 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 247 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Leaf-footed bug implicated in pistachio epicarp lesion [Pistacia vera, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Bostock,-R.M.; Crane,-J.C. SO: California-Agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Mar-Apr 1984). v. 38(3/4) p. 16-17. LA: En (English) AN: 85-034484 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 248 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Alternate fruit bearing in nut trees [Filbert, pistachio, pecan, hickory and black walnut]. AU: Sparks,-D. SO: Annual-Report-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (Aug 1983). (no. 74th) p. 197-230. LA: En (English) AN: 85-031243 Record 249 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Shoot blight of pistachio caused by Botrytis cinerea [Pistacia vera, symptoms of naturally occurring infections, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Teranishi,-H.R. SO: Plant-Diseases (USA). (Feb 1984). v. 68(2) p. 163-165. LA: En (English) AN: 85-004507 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 250 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Embryo development in 'kerman' pistachio [Pistacia vera]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Polito,-V.S.; Crane,-J.C. SO: HortScience (USA). (Feb 1984). v. 19(1) p. 105-106. LA: En (English) AN: 85-003367 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 251 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on vegetative and inflorescence buds of pistachio [Pictacia vera L., abscission]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Crane,-J.C.; Ryugo,-K. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1984). v. 109(1) p. 39-42. LA: En (English) AN: 84-109206 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 252 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Anatomical aspects of abscission in pistachio [Pistacia vera, peduncle, pedicel, inflorescence, fruit, leaf, ethephon]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Crane,-J.C.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1984). v. 109(1) p. 69-73. LA: En (English) AN: 84-108922 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 253 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio by overall tarping, tarping of individual tree sites and pre-planting tarping of fallow soils with polyethylene mulches [Verticillium dahliae; California]. OT: Lutte contre la verticilliose du pistachier: par bachage total des vergers, par bachage individuel des arbres ou par bachage avant plantation des sols en friche a l' aide de film polyethylene [Verticillium dahliae; California]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J.; Morgan,-D.F.; Gaona,-S.A.; McCain,-A.H. SO: Plasticulture (France). (Jun 1983). (no. 58) p. 33-44. LA: Fr (French); En (English) AN: 84-091370 Record 254 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Pistachio [origin, cultivation, varieties, protection, marketing, etc.]]. OT: El pistacho [origen, cultivo, variedades, proteccion, comercializaccion, etc.]. AU: Spina,-P. SO: Madrid (Spain). Mundi-Prensa. 1984. 93 p. LA: Es (Spanish) RE: Translation of: AN: 84-067964 Record 255 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Response of herbaceous plants in Badghis pistachio forests to environmental conditions [USSR, Onobrychis-Poa-Carex forest]. AU: Malysheva,-G.S.; Gannibal,-B.K.; Izmailova,-N.N. SO: Soviet-Journal-of-Ecology (USA). (Sep-Oct 1982). v. 13(5) p. 292-297. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) RE: Translation of: AN: 84-040636 Record 256 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Report and recommendations for the horticultural development and pistachio [and fruit trees] growing in Pakistan. AU: Kaska,-N.; Bilgen,-A.M. CA: FAO, Rome (Italy). Agricultural Operations Div. SO: [1983]. 39 p. RN: FAO-AGO-TCP-PAK-2304. LA: En (English) AN: 84-038866 Record 257 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Future developments of fruit-tree species for dried fruit [of almond, walnut, hazel-tree and pistachio] in Mediterranean countries]. OT: Prospettive della coltivazione delle specie fruttifere a frutto secco [di mandorlo, noce, nocciolo, e pistacchio] nei paesi mediterranei. AU: Crossa-Raynaud,-P.; Germain,-E. SO: Agricoltura-Ricerca (Italy). (Sep 1982). v. 5(17) p. 62-71. LA: It (Italian) AO: ITALIANO: In Europa, lo sviluppo della frutticoltura di tipo industriale ha avuto inizio alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. Le ricerche hanno riguardato soprattutto il melo e il pesco, data l'importanza della domanda di questi prodotti sul mercato al consumo e del modello gia esistente negli Stati Uniti. Proprio questa trasposizione del modello americano spiega perche nei paesi europei - particolarmente in quelli dell'area mediterranea - si utilizzano quasi esclusivamente varieta originarie degli USA, dove sono gia ben adattate a questo tipo di produzione: raccolti abbondanti e regolari, frutti calibrati e di bel colore, piante facili da coltivare. L'adattamento di questo modello alle condizioni climatiche dell'Europa ha comportato una produzione eccedentaria di mele, pere, pesche e uva da tavola. Questa evoluzione non ha pero riguardato le produzioni di frutta secca mediterranea, che stanno attraversando un periodo di stasi e, in alcuni casi, di regressione, soprattutto per quanto concerne mandorlo, noce, nocciolo e pistacchio. Al contrario degli europei, gli americani hanno compiuto un'approfondita opera di ricerca e promozione di queste specie, per tre delle quali (mandorlo, noce e pistacchio) essi sono divenuti i maggiori produttori del mondo. Appare quindi indispensabile una stretta collaborazione fra i ricercatori dei paesi dell'area mediterranea per fronteggiare la concorrenza americana. L'articolo che pubblichiamo presenta un'analisi della situazione economica delle quattro specie prese in esame, evidenziando i problemi e suggerendo i mezzi per risolverli. AN: 83-946654 Record 258 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effect of processing on some chemical constituents of pistachio nuts. AU: Luh,-B.S.; Wong,-W.S.; El-Shimi,-N.E. SO: Journal-of-Food-Quality (USA). (1982). v. 5(1) p. 33-41. LA: En (English) AN: 83-944651 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 259 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Studies related to the description and evaluation of pistachio nut quality [Genotype, production area, maturity, moisture content, degree of shell staining, and storage]. AU: Kader,-A.A.; Heintz,-C.M.; Labavitch,-J.M.; Rae,-H.L. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1982). v. 107(5) p. 812-816. LA: En (English) AN: 83-944650*LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 260 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. II. Chemical composition. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1982). v. 57(4) p. 469-476. LA: En (English) AN: 83-929349 Record 261 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Present situation of the pistachio crop and ongoing research]. [Conference paper]. OT: Situazione attuale della coltura del pistacchio e ricerche in corso. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. CA: Incontro frutticolo su "frutta secca" e mostra pomologica. 6. Convegno pomologico. Caserta (Italy). 24 Oct 1980. SO: Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura, Rome (Italy). [Proceedings of fruit-growing meeting on "dried fruit" and pomology exhibition [hazel, almond, walnut]]. Atti dell' incontro frutticolo su "frutta secca" e mostra pomologica [nocciolo, mandorlo, noce]. Rome (Italy). [1982]. p. 159-165. 24 ref.; LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-927680 Record 262 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Present situation of the pistachio industry and current research [in Italy]]. [Conference paper]. OT: Situazione attuale della coltura del pistacchio e ricerche in corso [in Italia]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. CA: 6. Convegno pomologico. Caserta (Italy). 24 Oct 1980. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Frutticoltura,-Rome (Italy). (1980). v. 11 p. 117. Received 1983. LA: En (English); It (Italian) AN: 83-927679 Record 263 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Physiological and compositional changes associated with maturation of 'Kerman' pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera, quality, maturity indices]. AU: Labavitch,-J.M.; Heintz,-C.M.; Rae,-H.L.; Kader,-A.A. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1982). v. 107(4) p. 688-692. LA: En (English) AN: 83-910781 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 264 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [The pistachio [cultivation]]. OT: Il pistacchio [la coltivazione]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Giornale-di-Agricoltura (Italy). (18 Jul - 15 Aug 1982). v. 92(28-30) p. 49-50. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-899525 Record 265 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Concepts of a growers' association [California, pistachio]. AU: Chavez,-H.B. SO: Proceedings: California 1980 Pecan Growers Conference, July 1, 1980, Visalia, California. [California] (USA). Cooperative Extension, University of California, Tulare County. 1980. p. 46-49. LA: En (English) AN: 83-898885 Record 266 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Invasion of pistachio orchards by navel orangeworm moths from almond orchards [Amyelois transitella, California]. AU: Andrews,-K.L.; Barnes,-M.M. SO: Environmental-Entomology (USA). (15 Apr 1982). v. 11(2) p. 278-279. LA: En (English) AN: 83-892135 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 267 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of ethephon on shell dehiscence and flower bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T.; Lin,-T.S. SO: HortScience (USA). (Jun 1982). v. 17(3) p. 383-384. LA: En (English) AN: 83-889779 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 268 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio production. rev. AU: Maranto,-J.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Feb 1982. 17 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-880572 Record 269 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Late evolutions in the pistachio market [in Italy]]. [Conference paper]. OT: Recenti evoluzioni del mercato del pistacchio [in Italia]. AU: Maugeri,-G. CA: Situazione e prospettive di miglioramento ed incremento della frutta secca in Italia. Foligno (Italy). 24-26 Jun 1981. SO: Frutticoltura (Italy). (Aug 1982). v. 44(8) p. 29-33. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-868848 Record 270 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Weed control in pistachio orchards. AU: Lange,-A.; Fischer,-B.; Kempen,-H.; Vargas,-R. SO: Feb 1982. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-863528 Record 271 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Ecological studies on the Pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz. in Iraq. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862414 Record 272 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Biological studies on the Pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) in Iraq. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 18 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862413 Record 273 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Seasonal abundance of different stages of the pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz., with special reference to its natural enemies [Iraq]. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 9 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862412 Record 274 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Evaluation of clear polyethylene mulch for controlling Verticillium wilt in established pistachio nut groves [Verticillium dahliae, Pistacia vera]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1982). v. 72(2) p. 243-246. LA: En (English) AN: 83-853990 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 275 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Growing of pistachio-almond crops on terraces]. OT: Vyrashchivanie fistashko-mindalevykh kul' tur na terrasakh. AU: Kravchenko,-V.I. CA: Gosudarstvennyj Komitet SSSR po Lesnomu Khozyajstvu, Moscow. Tsentral' noe Pravlenie NTO Lesnoj Promyshlennosti i Lesnogo Khozyajstva, Moscow. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Mar 1982). (no.3) p. 27-28. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 83-851164 Record 276 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Field practices involved in the establishment of pistachio seed plantations]. OT: Agrotekhnika sozdaniya semennykh plantatsij fistashki. AU: Bolotov,-S. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Mar 1982). (no.3) p. 30-32. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 83-851163 Record 277 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Pistachio crop: present situation and recent research]. OT: Coltura del pistacchio: situazione attuale e ricerche in corso. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Informatore-di-Ortoflorofrutticoltura (Italy). (Jun 1982). v. 23(6) p. 15-19. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-851162 Record 278 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Volatile components of roasted pistachio-nut [Pistacia vera]. AU: Soliman,-M.M.A.; Osman,-F.; El-Sawy,-A.A. SO: Agricultural-and-Biological-Chemistry (Japan). (Sep 1981). v. 45(9) p. 2123-2125. LA: En (English) AN: 83-849237 Record 279 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: The life history and pest status of the pistachio bud moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler, on Pistacia vera in Iran (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). AU: Samet,-K. SO: Entomologist's-Gazette (UK). (1982). v. 33(1) p. 33-34. LA: En (English) AN: 83-843357 Record 280 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio variety Sirora. AU: Maggs,-D.H. SO: Journal-of-the-Australian-Institute-of-Agricultural-Science (Australia). (1981). v. 47(2) p. 109-110. LA: En (English) AN: 83-841932 Record 281 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: World pistachio and walnut situation: 1981. SO: Oct 1981. 3 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-829161 Record 282 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Morphology and reproduction of pistachio [Cultivars, California]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: Horticultural-Reviews (USA). (1981). v. 3 p. 376-393. LA: En (English) AN: 82-821679 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 283 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Design and development of an automatic electro-optical sorter for removing BGY [bright-greening yellow] fluorescent pistachio nuts [Aflatoxin contamination control]. AU: Farsaie,-A.; McClure,-W.F.; Monroe,-R.J. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE-[American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers] (USA). (Sep-Oct 1981). v. 24(5) p. 1372-1375. LA: En (English) AN: 82-818105 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 284 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio cultivars as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. 1. Growth [Iran]. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1981). v. 56(4) p. 277-284. LA: En (English) AN: 82-811514 Record 285 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Contribution to the study of pistachio insects. Bioecology of Eurytoma Plotnikovi Nik (hym. eurytomidae)]. OT: Contribution de l' etude de l' entomofaune du pistachier; bioecologie de Eurytoma plotnikovi Nik (hym. eurytomidae). AU: Jarraya,-A.; Helali,-T. SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-National-de-la-Recherche-Agronomique-de-Tunisie (Tunisia). (1977). v. 5(pt.1) 80 p. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-02368. LA: Fr (French) AN: 82-767608 Record 286 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Weed control in pistachio orchards. AU: Lange,-A.; Fischer,-B.; Kempen,-H.; Vargas,-R. SO: Nov 1980. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-735234 Record 287 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Record U.S. walnut crop pushes world production to new high; world pistachio crop rebounds. AU: Grenier,-G.C. SO: Dec 1980. 17 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-730571 Record 288 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Translocation and distribution of 14C [carbon isotope]-photosynthates in bearing and nonbearing pistachio branches. AU: Takeda,-F.; Ryugo,-K.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1980). v. 105(5) p. 642-644. LA: En (English) AN: 82-712434 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 289 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: The effect of ethephon on ripening and splitting of pistachio nuts [Harvesting aid]. AU: Torabi,-M. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1980). v. 15(4) p. 521. LA: En (English) AN: 81-696119 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 290 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Germination trials on seeds of Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. [Pistachio]]. OT: Prove di germinabilita di semi delle specie Pistacia vera L. e Pistacia terebinthus L. AU: Casini,-E.; Conticini,-L. SO: Rivista-di-Agricoltura-Subtropicale-e-Tropicale (Italy). (Jul-Dec 1979). v. 73(3-4) p. 233-240. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: This note reports the results of a germination trial carried out on seeds of Pistacia vera (cv. Napoletana) and Pistacia terebinthus L. Aim of the trial was to investigate the possibility of increasing the rate of germination by the following treatments: soaking in GA(,3) solutions at 50 and 500 ppm, soaking in water, pre-sowing refrigeration. As far as Pistachio is concerned, the best results were obtained by soaking the seeds in a GA(,3) solution at 50 ppm for 7 days (germination 79% against 50% in the control); with Terebinth the most effective treatments were respectively: soaking in GA(,3) solution at 500 ppm for 15 days (38% germination), soaking in GA(,3) solution at 50 ppm still for 15 days (31% germination) and pre-sowing refrigeration at 3-6 deg. C for 15 days (29% germination) in comparison to a germination rate of 10% in the control. FRAB: Cette note donne les resultats d' un essai de germinations conduit sur graines de Pistacia vera (cv. Napoletana) et Pistacia terebinthus L. prealablement soumis a differents traitements (immersion dans l' eau, refrigeration avant-semis, immersion dans des solutions de GA(,3) a raison de 50 et de 500 ppm) au but d' augmenter le pourcentage de germination. En ce qui concerne les graines de Pistachier, les meilleurs resultats ont ete obtenus avec l' immersion dans une solution de GA(,3) 50 ppm pour 7 jours (germination 79% contre 50% du controle); pour le Terebinthe, les traitements les plus efficaces ont ete la refrigeration avant-semis a 3-6 deg. C pour 15 jours (germination 29%) et l' immersion dans solutions de GA(,3) a raison de 50 ppm pour 15 jours et de 500 ppm pour 15 jours (germination respectivement de 31% et de 28% contre le 10% du controle). AO: ITALIANO: Nella nota si riferiscono i risultati di prove di germinabilita di semi di Pistacia vera (var. Napoletana) e di Pistacia terebinthus L. sottoposti a vari trattamenti (immersione in acqua, refrigerazione pre-semina, immersione in soluzioni di GA(,3) a 50 e 500 ppm) al fine di elevare la percentuale di germinazione. Per quanto riguarda i semi di pistacchio, i migliori risultati si sono avuti con l'immersione dei semi in una soluzione di GA(,3) a 50 ppm per 7 giorni (79% contro il 50% del controllo). Per il terebinto, i trattamenti piu efficaci sono risultati: la refrigerazione pre-semina a 3-6 deg. C per 15 giorni (29%), l'immersione in soluzione di GA(,3) a 50 ppm per 15 giorni (31%) e 500 ppm sempre per 15 giorni (38%), rispetto alla percentuale di germinazione del 10% rilevata nel controllo. AN: 81-685044 Record 291 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Dual-wavelength fiber optic photometer measures fluorescence of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts. AU: McClure,-W.F.; Farsaie,-A. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE-[American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers] (USA). (Jan-Feb 1980). v. 23(1) p. 204-207. LA: En (English) AN: 81-682435 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 292 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Xenia and metaxenia in pistachio [Pistacia vera, Pistacia atlantica, pollination]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1980). v. 15(2) p. 184-185. LA: En (English) AN: 81-663625 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 293 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Respiration and ethylene production of the developing 'Kerman' pistachio fruit [Pistacia vera]. AU: Toumadje,-A.; Crane,-J.C.; Kader,-A.A. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1980). v. 15(6) p. 725-726. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654662 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 294 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Differential partitioning of boron and calcium in shoots of seedlings of two pistachio [Pistacia vera] cultivars. AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Wallace,-A. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition (USA). (1980). v. 2(1/2) p. 236-266. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654661 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 295 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effect of strength of nutrient solution on the growth and nutrient uptake of pistachio seedlings [Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus]. AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Wallace,-A. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition (USA). (1980). v. 2(1/2) p. 257-261. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654660 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 296 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Ecological and biological studies of pistachio bark beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) in Mosul region [Iraq]. OT: Dira:sa:tu bi:' i:yatu wa h"aya:ti:yati li-h*unfisa:' qalaf al-fustuqi Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) fi: mant*aqat al-mwusil [3ira:q]. AU: Abdallah,-S.A. CA: Mosul Univ. (Iraq). Coll. of Agriculture and Forestry. SO: Mosul (Iraq). Jan 1980. 325 p. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 80-568700 Record 297 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: A nutritional disorder in Pistachio [vera] from near Athens, Greece. AU: Procopiou,-J.; Wallace,-A. SO: Communications-in-the-Soil-Science-and-Plant-Analysis (USA). (1978). v. 9(10) p. 931-934. LA: En (English) AN: 80-539987 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 298 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Correlation between climatic data and aflatoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Aspergillus flavus]. AU: Danesh,-D.; Mojtahedi,-H.; Barnett,-R.; Campbell,-A. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jul 1979). v. 69(7) p. 715-716. LA: En (English) AN: 80-539646 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 299 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Development of pistachio and almond production in the Near East. AU: Khalife,-T.S. CA: FAO, Rome (Italy). Plant Production and Protection Div. SO: Jul 1979. 32 p. RN: FAO-AGPC-MISC-69. LA: En (English) ENAB: Problems, potentials and priorities, giving recommendations for breeding and varietal selection. AN: 80-526686 Record 300 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Forecasting of common pistachio yields according to meteorological factors [Tadzhik SSR, Turkmen SSR, Uzbek SSR]]. OT: Prognoz urozhajnosti fistashki nastoyashchej po meteorologicheskim faktoram. AU: Borsuk,-V.E.; Glazyrin,-G.E. CA: Gosudarstvennyj Komitet SSSR po Lesnoj, Tsellyulozno-Bumazhnoj i Derevoobrabatyvayushchej Promyshlennosti i Lesnomu Khozyajstvu, Moscow. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Aug 1979). (no.8) p. 45-47. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 80-519179 Record 301 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Levels of total azinphos-methyl components on pistachio [Pistacia vera] pericarp, shell, and kernel [Pesticide residues]. AU: Archer,-T.E.; Gauer,-W.O. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1979). v. 14(2) p. 137-138. LA: En (English) AN: 80-494368 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 302 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The unique response of the pistachio [Pistacia vera] tree to inadequate winter chilling [California]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Takeda,-F. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1979). v. 14(2) p. 135-137. LA: En (English) AN: 80-493889 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 303 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Study of pistachio insects: Geographical distribution of Megastigmus pistaciae (Hym. Torymidae) and Eurytoma plotnikovi (Hym. Eurytomidae) in Tunisia [Pistacia vera injurious insects]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de l' entomofaune du pistachier. Sur la distribution spatiale en Tunisie. AU: Jarraya,-A.; Helai,-T. SO: Bulletin-des-Recherches-Agronomiques-de-Gembloux (Belgium). (1978). v. 13(3) p. 215-232. issued oct 1979. LA: Fr (French) AN: 80-484203 Record 304 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Toxic Aspergilli from pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Rabie,-C.J.; Luebben,-A.; Steyn,-M.; Danesh,-D. SO: Mycopathologia (Netherlands). (31 May 1979). v. 67(2) p. 123-127. LA: En (English) AN: 79-468118 Record 305 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Culture of pistachio in Iran]. OT: Pistazienanbau im Iran. AU: Firuzeh,-P.; Luedders,-P. SO: Erwerbsobstbau (Germany, F.R.). (1978). v. 20(12) p. 254-258. LA: De (German) AN: 79-461714 Record 306 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Pistachia vera, Aspergillus flavus, role of relative humidity]. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Danesh,-D.; Haghighi,-B.; Barnett,-R. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1978). v. 68(12) p. 1800-1804. LA: En (English) AN: 79-446706 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 307 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Pistillate flower bud development in pistachio [Pistacia vera]. AU: Takeda,-F.; Crane,-J.C.; Lin,-J. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1979). v. 104(2) p. 229-232. LA: En (English) AN: 79-445619 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 308 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Pistachia vera, Aspergillus flavus, role of relative humidity]. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Danesh,-D.; Haghighi,-B.; Barnett,-R. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1978). v. 68(12) p. 1800-1804. LA: En (English) AN: 79-437333 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 309 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Suggestions on prevention of aflatoxin formation in pistachio nuts. AU: Denizel,-T. SO: Archives-de-l'Institut-Pasteur-de-Tunis (Tunisia). (Sep-Dec 1977). v. 54(no.3-4) p. 433-440. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-01729. LA: Fr (French) AN: 79-417224 Record 310 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Navel orangeworm [Amyelois transitella]: a pest of pistachio [Pistacia vera] nuts in California. AU: Rice,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology (USA). (Oct 1978). v. 71(5) p. 822-824. LA: En (English) AN: 79-390762 Record 311 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Development of indices for sorting Iranian pistachio nuts according to fluorescence [for purpose of detecting aflatoxin contaminated nuts]. AU: Farsaie,-A.; McClure,-W.F.; Monroe,-R.J. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Sep-Oct 1978). v. 43(5) p. 1550-1552. LA: En (English) AN: 79-365052 Record 312 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in pistachio nuts prior to harvest [Aflatoxin]. AU: Thomson,-S.V.; Mehdy,-M.C. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Aug 1978). v. 68(8) p. 1112-1114. LA: En (English) AN: 79-360224 Record 313 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Pistachio tree [Pistachia vera, patents]. AU: Ruehle,-E.C. SO: 4 Oct 1977. 3 p. LA: En (English) AN: 78-343610 Record 314 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Quality of pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera] as affected by time of harvest. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1978). v. 103(3) p. 332-333. LA: En (English) AN: 78-340800 Record 315 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Bibliography on pistachio (Pistacia vera) (1960-1976) [37 ref.]]. OT: Bibliografia sobre pistacho (Pistacia vera) (1960-1976) [37 ref.]. CA: Centro Interamericano de Documentacion e Informacion Agricola, Turrialba (Costa Rica). SO: Turrialba (Costa Rica). IICA. 1977. 3 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 78-330659 Record 316 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The structure of the glycerides of pistachio kernel oil. AU: Daneshrad,-A. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Mar 1978). v. 55(3) p. 317-319. LA: En (English) AN: 78-316922 Record 317 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The responses of young pistachio seedlings to seven soil mixes and four fertilizer levels. AU: Yousif,-Y.H. SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture (Iraq). Majalat/u Zir,aat Al-rafidayn. (1977). v. 12(1) p. 43-54. LA: En (English) AN: 78-278887 Record 318 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: New method of vegetative multiplication of physiologically adult branches of pistachio, walnut and pecan trees. OT: Nouvelle methode de multiplication vegetative de rameaux physiologiquement adultes, de pistachier, noyer et pacanier. AU: Assaf,-R. SO: Fruits (France). (May 1977). v. 32(5) p. 309-319. LA: Fr (French) AN: 78-247296 Record 319 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Carbohydrate and nitrogen levels in pistachio [Pistacia vera] branches as related to shoot extension and yield. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Al-Shalan,-I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 102(4) p. 396-399. LA: En (English) AN: 78-226194 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 320 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Response of pistachio [Pistacia vera] to low soil moisture conditions. AU: Spiegel-Roy,-P.; Mazigh,-D.; Evenari,-M. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 102(4) p. 470-473. LA: En (English) AN: 78-224491 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 321 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Composition of pistachio kernels of various Iranian origins. AU: Kamangar,-T.; Farsam,-H. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 42(4) p. 1135-1136. LA: En (English) AN: 77-222307 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 322 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Mineral element changes in pistachio [Pistacia vera] leaves. AU: Uriu,-K.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1977). v. 102(2) p. 155-158. LA: En (English) AN: 77-178186 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 323 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio tree: planting and growth]. OT: El pistacho y su cultivo. AU: Arakelian,-J.P. CA: Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Facultad de Agronomia. SO: Buenos Aires (Argentina). 1975. 37 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 77-177560 Record 324 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Moisture-equilibrium relative humidity relationships in pistachio nuts with particular regard to control of aflatoxin formation. AU: Denizel,-T.; Rolfe,-E.J.; Jarvis,-B. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (UK). (1976). v. 27(11) p. 1027-1034. LA: En (English) AN: 77-170647 Record 325 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. AU: Denizel,-T.; Jarvis,-B.; Rolfe,-E.J. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (UK). (1976). v. 27(11) p. 1021-1026. LA: En (English) AN: 77-170646 Record 326 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Verticillium wilt of the pistachio nut tree: occurrence in California and control by soil fumigation [Fungal diseases]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Zimmerman,-G. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1976). v. 66(12) p. 1449-1451. LA: En (English) AN: 77-155461 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 327 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Chemical composition of the pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) of Kerman, Iran. AU: Shokraii,-E.H. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Jan 1977). v. 42(1) p. 244-245. LA: En (English) AN: 77-152952 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 328 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera) kernels. AU: Clarke,-J.A.; Brar,-G.S.; Procopiou,-J. SO: Qualitas-Plantarum (Netherlands). (15 Sep 1976). v. 25(3) p. 219-225. LA: En (English) AN: 77-141077 Record 329 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Effects of four rootstocks on yield and quality of pistachio [Pistacia] nuts. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Forde,-H.I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1976). v. 101(5) p. 604-606. LA: En (English) AN: 77-125747 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 330 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Carbohydrate levels in the pistachio as related to alternate bearing. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Catlin,-P.B.; Al-Shalan,-I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1976). v. 101(4) p. 371-374. LA: En (English) AN: 76-121712 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 331 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Technical memo, pistachio tree. OT: Fiche technique, pistachier. CA: Ministere de l' Agriculture et de la Reforme Agraire, Rabat (Morocco). Dir. de la Recherche Agronomique. SO: Rabat (Morocco). Direction de la Recherche Agronomique. Jan 1976. 15 p. LA: Fr (French) AN: 76-093354 Record 332 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Characteristics of pistachio kernel oils from Iranian cultivars. AU: Kamangar,-T.; Farrohi,-F.; Mehran,-M. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Dec 1975). v. 52(12) p. 512-513. LA: En (English) AN: 76-090664 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 333 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin. AU: Dickens,-J.W.; Welty,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Nov 1975). v. 52(11) p. 448-450. LA: En (English) AN: 76-090307 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 334 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Varieties of pistachio, 2]. OT: Variedades del pistache, 2. CA: Comision Nacional de Fruticultura, Mexico, DF. SO: Tierra (Mexico). (Apr 1975). v. 30(4) p. 238-243. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 76-083600 Record 335 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio [Pistacia vera] a promising fruit tree for arid zones [Mexico]]. OT: El pistache; un frutal de porvenir para las zonas aridas. CA: Comision Nacional de Fruticultura, Mexico City. SO: Tierra (Mexico). (Mar 1975). v. 30(3) p. 145-147, 174-175. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 76-069658 Record 336 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The role of seed abortion and parthenocarpy in the production of blank pistachio nuts as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1975). v. 100(3) p. 267-270. LA: En (English) AN: 75-040639 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 337 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Effects of sodium chloride on seedling growth of two major varieties of Iranian pistachio (Pistachia vera L.). AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Karimian,-N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1975). v. 50(1) p. 41-46. LA: En (English) AN: 75-037011 Record 338 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio growing and relative prospects]. OT: La coltura del pistacchio e le sue prospettive. AU: Maugeri,-A. SO: Frutticoltura (Italy). (Jan 1975). v. 37(1) p. 15-24. LA: It (Italian) AN: 75-021461 Record 339 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: An anatomic analysis of the extent of compatibility in the pistachio seedlings budded in different periods. AU: Okay-Y; Buyukkartal-N; Arpaci-S SO: Hacettepe-Bulletin-of-Natural-Sciences-and-Engineering,-Series-A-Biology-and-Chemistry. 2000, 29: 47-59; 18 ref. LA: English AB: In experiments with Pistacia vera seedlings, the effects of budding date (spring or autumn) were studied on anatomic structure of the budded parts and cambial activity. The cambial bond among the budding elements established earlier in seedlings budded in spring than in autumn. Compatibility in the budded part occurred faster with spring budding than with autumn budding. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013037043 Record 340 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Estimation of leaf area by non-destructive methods in three Iranian pistachio species (Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica, P. khinjuk subsp. oblonga and P. khinjuk subsp. populifolia). AU: Ranjbar-A; Damme-P-van; van-Damme-P SO: Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 1999, 64: 2, 49-56; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The length of midrib and the maximum width of lamina (for all leaflets of each leaf) of 180 leaves P. khinjuk subsp. populifolia, P. khinjuk subsp. oblonga and P. mutica subsp. cabulica (60 leaves from each subspecies) were used to develop non-destructive leaf area prediction models. Most models exhibited very significant predictive ability as shown by R2 values which ranged 0.88-0.98. However, a number of models were identified as being best suited for fieldwork and having good predictive value. These models combine leaf width and length according to [(L1 x W1) +(L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] x (µ/4), [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] and (W1 + W2 + W3), where L1, L2, L3 are the length of the apical leaf's midrib, the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the left and the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the right, respectively; and W1, W2, W3 are the maximum width of lamina for L1, L2 and L3 respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013039239 Record 341 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of water stress on Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Morgan-DP; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH SO: Plant-Disease. 2001, 85: 7, 745-749; 33 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of water potential (psi) on spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea, and development of Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio caused by this fungus were studied in the laboratory and greenhouse. In laboratory tests, spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial growth of B. dothidea increased as psi decreased from 0 to -2.0 MPa and declined as psi decreased below -2.0 MPa. Water stress (psi < -0.260 MPa) increased the severity of Botryosphaeria blight on young detached pistachio leaves. In greenhouse inoculation experiments, drought-stressed 2-year-old pistachio trees (leaf psi < -0.635 MPa) developed more severe Botryosphaeria blight disease than the nonstressed trees (psi > -0.485 MPa) in both 1999 and 2000 experiments. In a similar experiment using 1-year-old potted pistachio trees in 2000, withholding water treatments did not cause enough drought stress in pistachio leaves (psi > -0.584 MPa) and did not result in higher disease than the nonstressed trees (psi = -0.466 MPa). The correlation coefficient between psi and disease index for 1999 experiments was 0.954, and for 2000 experiments I and II was 0.981 and 0.939, respectively. These results indicate that drought stress can be a major predisposing factor of pistachio to infection by B. dothidea. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013102312 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 342 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Result of aflatoxin examination of Iranian pistachio nuts imported from Iran to Japan. AU: Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 83-86; 2 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: An article discussing the quality of pistachio nuts being imported by Japan from Iran is presented. The tolerance limit for aflatoxin B1 is fixed at < 10 ppb. In 1981, only 4 kg/lot samples were taken but as the presence of aflatoxin B1 increased, the sampling system was revised to collect 8 kg/lot samples. The number of cargo from Iran, rejected at ports in Japan, was 15-20%/year upto 1996 but in 1997 and 1998, rejected lots were > 30%. Recently, the quality of pistachio nuts from Iran were observed to improve. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133267 Record 343 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Aflatoxin contamination in commercial pistachio nuts. AU: Tabata-S SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 87-93; 9 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: 621 samples of pistachio nuts from commercial markets, collected between 1982 and 1999, were tested for aflatoxin (AF). AF was found in 18 of 621 (3% incidence) samples with the level of AFB1 ranging from 0.8 to 1380 ppb. 72% of the positive samples were over the regulatory level of contamination in Japan (10 ppb). AFB-type was predominant and only one sample contained AFG-type. All the positive samples were imported from Iran except for one, which was imported from the USA. It is suggested that tougher controls at import should be implemented to reduce the contamination of pistachios in commercial markets to a level below the allowed standard of contamination. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133268 Record 344 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Present situation for production of pistachio nuts in Iran. AU: Takahashi-H; Okano-S; Ichinoe-M SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 95-102; 20 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: The presence of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were measured in the harvest, warehouse, and final processing sites in Yazd and Kerman, Iran in the year 2000. A. flavus was isolated in the split fruits, insect-damaged fruits, running and still water for washing and sorting, and in the warehouse air. It was not detected in the field soil. The results indicated that fungi could be controlled within these processing steps. 5 samples were sorted through hand-picking while one sample was sorted by the floating method, and both were examined for aflatoxin after sorting. A. flavus was detected in the nuts sorted by floating and in the dark-stained nuts sorted by hand-picking. Aflatoxin B and G were detected only in the samples of stained nuts sorted by hand-picking. The results suggest that sorting by hand-picking and appearance could decrease aflatoxin contamination of pistachios produced by Iran. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133269 Record 345 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains in the imported Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Ichinoe-M; Saito-T; Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 109-114; 8 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: Aflatoxin-positive samples of pistachios from Iran were analysed. The incidence of aflatoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus flavus was higher in these samples than that in aflatoxin-negative samples of pistachios. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133272 Record 346 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Walnut and pistachio: a resource for the Mediterranean fruticulture. OT: Frutta secca: noce e pistacchio: una risorsa per la frutticoltura mediterranea. AU: Avanzato-D SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 2001, 63: 10, 31-35; 19 ref. LA: Italian AB: Information is outlined on world supplies of walnut and the situation in Italy. Data are tabulated on production developments in the main countries producing walnut (China, France, India, Italy, Turkey, the USA and Chile) for 1968-2000. Descriptions are provided for the main walnut cultivars produced worldwide, i.e. Chandler, Fernor, Franquette, Hartley, Lara, Payne, Serr and Tulare, and for those grown in Italy, i.e. Bleggiana, Feltrina, Malizia and Sorrento. Data are tabulated on walnut production in Italy. Developments are outlined in pistachio consumption. Descriptions are provided for pistachio cultivars Bianca (Napoletana), Cerasola, Larnaka, Sfax, Ask and Peters. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013148242 Record 347 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Phytophthora pistaciae sp. nov. and P. melonis: the principal causes of pistachio gummosis in Iran. AU: Mirabolfathy-M; Cooke-DEL; Duncan-JM; Williams-NA; Ershad-D; Azizolah-Alizadeh SO: Mycological-Research. 2001, 105: 10, 1166-1175; many ref. LA: English AB: Two non-papillate species of Phytophthora are the principal cause of pistachio gummosis in Iran. Their previous description as P. megasperma and P. drechsleri was re-examined in the light of RFLPs and sequence comparisons of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA. Both taxa were more closely related to a clade comprising P. sojae, P. cajani, P. vignae, P. melonis and P. sinensis than to the unrelated P. megasperma s. str. or P. drechsleri. The P. megasperma-like isolates from pistachio differed from all the above taxa in morphology, ITS sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns, and are described as a new species, P. pistaciae. The P. drechsleri-like isolates from pistachio had identical ITS sequences to those of P. melonis, P. sinensis and P. drechsleri-like isolates from cucurbits in Iran and the AFLP profiles of P. melonis, P. sinensis and the P. drechsleri-like isolates from pistachio were virtually identical. This and other published isoenzyme and mitochondrial DNA evidence suggests these taxa should be considered conspecific and all subsumed within P. melonis with a revised host range and geographical distribution. The relationships of P. melonis and P. pistaciae with other members belonging to the same ITS clade are considered. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013164550 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 348 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Resistance of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio to iprodione. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Plant-Disease. 2001, 85: 2, 183-188; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Out of 79 field-collected isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, causal agent of panicle and shoot blight of California pistachio, 1 had low resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide iprodione (effective fungicide concentration to inhibit 50% of mycelial growth [EC50]=2.726 µg/ml), whereas all the other isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 1 µg/ml). B. dothidea isolates readily developed resistance to iprodione in vitro. Furthermore, these in vitro-derived iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates retained high virulence on pistachio. The EC50 values for these IR isolates were greater than 25 µg/ml, whereas the EC50 values for the original wild-type counterparts were less than 1 µg/ml. Iprodione resistance significantly declined when these IR isolates were propagated on pistachio leaves in the absence of the fungicide. IR isolates also were resistant to vinclozolin, another dicarboximide fungicide, but sensitive to tebuconazole and benomyl. IR isolates showed an increase in osmotic sensitivity on media amended with NaCl. Applications of iprodione at 500 µg/ml, which is effective against naturally sensitive isolates, failed to control disease caused by IR isolates in both the laboratory and greenhouse. The results indicate that, although naturally occurring IR isolates of B. dothidea may be rare in California pistachio orchards, the fungus readily develops resistance to iprodione in vitro and, more importantly, retains high levels of virulence on pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013019933 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 349 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Root characteristics of genotypes of pistachio Pistacia spp. after attack by Phymatotrichum omnivorum. OT: Caracteristicas radicales de genotipos de pistachero Pistacia spp en relacion al ataque de Phymatotrichum omnivorum. AU: Tarango-Rivero-SH; Lozoya-Portillo-R; Chavez-Sanchez-N SO: Revista-Mexicana-de-Fitopatologia. 1997, 15: 1, 37-42; 20 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: The ultrastructure of 10 genotypes of Pistacia spp. were observed. In in vitro experiments no roots of pistachio species were shown to have pre-existent antibiotics against Phymatotrichum omnivorum [Phymatotrichopsis omnivorum], although extracts of Pistacia texana reduced the mycelial growth rate of the fungus. P. texana periderm has more cork cell layers, fewer smaller lenticels, and many corky bulks. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013024933 Record 350 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effect of the quantity of inoculation and incubation time of Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear Duggar) on root damage of pistachio Pistacia atlantica (Desf.). OT: Efecto de la cantidad de inoculo y del tiempo de incubacion de Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear duggar en el dano radical de pistachero Pistacia atlantica (Desf.). AU: Tarango-Rivero-SH; Herrera-Perez-T SO: Revista-Mexicana-de-Fitopatologia. 1997, 15: 1, 48-51; 18 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Taproots of young Pistacia atlantica were inoculated with 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 ml of Phymatotrichum omnivorum [Phymatotrichopsis omnivora] sclerotia and incubated for 20, 40 and 60 days. The percentage of infected taproots increased with inoculum density. However, a significant interaction occurred between 3 ml sclerotium density and 60 d incubation time. A similar response was observed with 6 ml inoculum density and 40 and 60 d incubation. Foliar symptoms varied from leaves turning dull green, yellow and/or purple in some trees, to drastic dehydration, defoliation and resprouting in others. Max. Tree death of 25% occurred at 60 d incubation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013024935 Record 351 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Identification and quantification of the major endogenous cytokinins in pistachio seedlings. AU: Ahmadi-M; Baker-DA SO: Plant-Growth-Regulation. 2000, 32: 2-3, 351-357; 47 ref. LA: English AB: The major endogenous cytokinins, zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) in pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera cv. Ohadi) were purified by HPLC and their identities confirmed using GC-MS. The aerial parts of two-year-old pistachio seedlings including mature leaves, young leaves, lateral buds, debarked stems and bark were subjected to analysis. All of the above mentioned cytokinins were identified in the aerial parts except DHZ which was only present in mature leaves. Z-type cytokinins contributed almost 43% of the total cytokinins. ZR and DHZR were identified as the major ribosides and iP as the main base. The greatest concentration of ZR was detected in the bark, amounting to about 48%. DHZR and ZR constituted the major portion of the total cytokinins detected in both young and mature leaves while Z was detected as a minor cytokinin in leaves. The sharp increase of iP concentration during leaf maturation indicates that mature leaves are probably capable of de novo biosynthesis of cytokinins. The absence of DHZ (except in mature leaves) and the presence of considerable concentrations of DHZR in pistachio stems suggests that these tissues are able to metabolize DHZ to DHZR. The large amount of ZR in pistachio leaves suggests that root derived ZR is transported into the leaves after loading into the xylem. The presence of high amounts of iP in pistachio lateral buds indicates that iP has been accumulated in these parts. The occurrence of a different cytokinin distribution pattern in buds compared to the other aerial parts, possibly resulted from their different metabolism. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013047857 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6903%28000000%2932%3A2-3%3C351%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 352 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Resistance of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio to iprodione. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Resistant-Pest-Management. 2000, 11: 1. LA: English AB: Seventy-nine isolates (collected from 8 pistachio orchards in California, USA, from 1997 to 1999) were used to assess the sensitivity of B. dothidea to iprodione. All but one (which was low-resistant, EC50=2.726 µg/ml) were sensitive (EC50 < 1 µg/ml) to iprodione. The isolates readily developed resistance to iprodione in the laboratory. The laboratory-derived iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates retained high virulence to pistachio. Iprodione resistance significantly declined when these IR isolates were propagated on pistachio leaves in the absence of the fungicide. IR isolates were also resistant to vinclozolin, but sensitive to tebuconazole and benomyl. Applications of 500 µg ipridione/ml were effective against naturally sensitive isolates, but failed to control disease caused by IR isolates in both the laboratory and greenhouse. The results indicate that, although naturally occurring IR isolates of B. dothidea may be rare in California pistachio orchards, the fungus readily develops resistance to iprodione in the laboratory, and most importantly, retains high levels of virulence on pistachio. Alternating applications of tebuconazole, benomyl, and iprodione thus may delay iprodione resistant development in pistachio B. dothidea isolates. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013055168 Record 353 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Insufficient spring irrigation increases abnormal splitting of pistachio nuts. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ; Goldhamer-DA; Morgan-DP SO: California-Agriculture. 2001, 55: 3, 28-31; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Abnormal pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts, known as early-split nuts have both the hull and shell split while still on the tree, exposing the kernel to invasion by insects and moulds. Commercial pistachio orchards in California were surveyed during harvesting from 1991-93 to determine typical incidences of early-split nuts. Deficit irrigation of pistachio trees in April and May resulted in substantial increases in the formation of early-split nuts in late summer, while extreme deficit irrigation in July and August resulted in decreased formation. However, deficit irrigation during the period of shell hardening, mainly in June, did not affect early-split formation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013096717 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 354 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata) resistance in pistachio (Pistacia vera) and selection of resistant genotypes. AU: Chao-CCT; Parfitt-DE; Michailides-TJ SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 2001, 126: 4, 481-485; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio (P. vera) progeny were evaluated at two locations (Winters and Parlier) in California, USA for resistance to Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata in 1995 and 1997. Large differences in Alternaria late blight infection among seedlings were observed. Narrow sense heritabilities based on half-sib analysis of 20 open pollinated families were 0.48 and 0.11 at Kearney Agricultural Centre in 1995 and 1997, respectively, and 0.56 and 0.54 at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchard near Davis in 1995 and 1997, respectively. Differences among families to Alternaria late blight infection were highly significant and associated with the female parents. Fifty-eight highly resistant seedlings were identified for future cultivar selection efforts. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013101911 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 355 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Population structure of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio and other hosts in California. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Boehm-EWA; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Phytopathology. 2001, 91: 7, 665-672; 32 ref. LA: English AB: Genetic diversity was investigated among California populations of Botryosphaeria dothidea, causal agent of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR). We surveyed 120 isolates, 112 of which originated from the California Central Valley , USA and included pistachio isolates (n = 52) and isolates from other plant species (n = 60). Out-group isolates (n = 8) were obtained from pistachio in Greece. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) between the RAPD- and MP-PCR dissimilarity data sets. Little genetic variation (haplotypic diversity [Hs] < 0.002) was detected among B. dothidea isolates collected from central and southern California pistachio plantings. We observed relatively high diversity for isolates from a northern California pistachio orchard (Hs = 0.0146), where the disease was first diagnosed, and from the Chico U.S. Department of Agriculture Germ Plasm Repository (Hs = 0.0726), where the first pistachio trees were planted in California in 1929. Isolates obtained from other hosts, especially those associated with the rare occurrence of the sexual stage of this fungus, showed the highest levels of diversity (Hs = 0.1689). Thirty-eight pistachio isolates (73.1%) had DNA fingerprints identical to 28 pycnidiospore-derived isolates (56.0%) obtained from other host species. Greenhouse inoculations demonstrated that all isolates obtained from other hosts were capable of infecting pistachio and produced characteristic disease symptomology. Thus, California populations of B. dothidea from pistachio are, for the most part, genetically uniform, with the sexual stage rare to absent. However, the rare occurrence of the sexual stage of B. dothidea on other hosts, and more importantly, the capacity of these isolates to infect pistachio, indicate that other host species may serve as sources of inoculum and genetic variation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013102676 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 356 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Genetic variability in the pistachio late blight fungus, Alternaria alternata. AU: Aradhya-MK; Chan-HM; Parfitt-DE SO: Mycological-Research. 2001, 105: 3, 300-306; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Genetic variation in the pistachio late blight fungus, Alternaria alternata, was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the rDNA region. Southern hybridization of EcoRI, HindIII, and XbaI digested fungal DNA with a RNA probe derived from Alt1, an rDNA clone isolated from a genomic library of the Japanese pear pathotype of A. alternata, revealed 34 different rDNA haplotypes among 56 isolates collected from four central valley locations in California. Analysis of molecular variation revealed a significant amount of genetic diversity within populations (85.8%), with only marginal variation accounting for differentiation among populations (14.2%, phiST=0.142). All isolates examined were highly pathogenic. The identity of the four geographic populations sampled was not evident in both cluster and principal component analyses, probably indicating either the selectively neutral nature of rDNA variation or prevalence of widespread gene flow among populations combined with uniform host-selection. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013044137 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 357 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Gas exchange and leaf water status of two wild pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica) in their response to drought stress induced by a combination of salt and polyethylene glycol. AU: Ranjbar-A; Samson-R; Damme-P-van; Lemeur-R; van-Damme-P SO: Proceedings 6th PhD Symposium, Ghent, Belgium, 11 October 2000. Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 2000, 65: 4, 105-110; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of osmotic stress, induced by a combination of salt and PEG 6000, on some ecophysiological parameters (net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and osmotic adjustment) of 2 pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica) were investigated, and the osmotic stress tolerance of both species were compared. Both species were significantly and negatively affected by increasing concentration of salt and PEG 6000 in the nutrient solution. P. khinjuk showed higher resistance to drought compared with P. mutica. PT: Journal-article; Conference-paper AN: 20013051738 Record 358 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on physiological performance of two wild pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica). AU: Ranjbar-A; Samsom-R; Lemeur-R; Damme-P-van; van-Damme-P SO: Proceedings 6th PhD Symposium, Ghent, Belgium, 11 October 2000. Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 2000, 65: 4, 111-115; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on some ecophysiological parameters (leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance) of Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica were studied. Leaf water and osmotic potential of both species were significantly affected by decreasing the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution to -1 MPa. P. mutica showed more negative leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential than P. khinjuk. In both species, concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were significantly decreased by lowering the osmotic potential of nutrient solution to moderate stress (-1 MPa) and the lowest concentration was reached at severe stress (-1.5 MPa). The magnitude of the effect of drought stress on chlorophyll a content of P. khinjuk was significantly lower than that of P. mutica. The net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased with decreasing osmotic potential of nutrient solution. Photosynthetic performance in P. mutica was significantly superior to that of P. khinjuk, but control-compared reductions of the mentioned variables were the same in both species (42% and 75%, for net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively, at severe stress). The photosynthetic water use efficiency of both species was not affected by drought stress treatments. PT: Journal-article; Conference-paper AN: 20013051741 Record 359 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Potassium fertilization affects soil K, leaf K concentration, and nut yield and quality of mature pistachio trees. AU: Zeng-QiuPeng; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA; Zeng-QP SO: HortScience. 2001, 36: 1, 85-89; 35 ref. LA: English AB: A field experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 in California, USA, to examine the effects of K fertilization on leaf K, nut yield, and quality in pistachio (Pistacia vera). There were six treatments, including four annual rates of K application (0, 110, 220, and 330 kg ha-1) and three K sources (K2SO4, KCl, and KNO3). Pistachio trees exhibited highly fluctuating seasonal leaf K levels. Leaf K concentration was low ( < 10 g kg-1) during spring flush, increased dramatically during fruit development, and declined rapidly after harvest. Leaf K concentration increased following K fertilization. Potassium fertilization at the rate of 110 to 220 kg ha-1 K significantly increased nut yield and quality, but nut yield tended to decrease when the annual rate exceeded 220 kg ha-1 K. There were no significant differences among the K sources in their effects on leaf K concentration, nut yield, and quality. The use of KCl as a K source for 3 years did not increase leaf Cl concentration. There was a significant, positive correlation between nut yield and leaf K concentration during nut fill. The critical leaf K value for optimal pistachio production determined from 3 years' cumulative data was 16.9 g kg-1. For sustained production in highly productive pistachio orchards, we recommend annual application rates of 110 to 220 kg ha-1 K, using K2SO4, KCl, or KNO3. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013059134 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 360 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Biology of pistachio seed wasp [Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya (Hym.: Eurytomidae)] in Isfahan province, Iran. AU: Basirat-M; Seyedoleslami-H SO: Journal-of-Science-and-Technology-of-Agriculture-and-Natural-Resources. 2000, 4: 1, 137-148; 16 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: In 1996 and 1997 pistachio orchards in Isfahan Province were surveyed to determine the presence and damage levels by Eurytoma plotnikovi Nilolskaya and Megastigmus pistaciae Walker. In order to investigate seasonal population fluctuation of E. plotnikovi, larval, pupal and adult stages were monitored in three orchards. In each orchard, 200 nuts with more than 50% infestation to overwintering larvae were dissected and examined twice weekly. In 1997 in one orchard, at intervals of one week, 100 randomly selected fresh nuts were examined to determine oviposition trend and damage development. In this field, the biology of the pest was also compared to developmental stages of pistachio trees. In most orchards visited, E. plotnikovi was present and was the dominant species in relation to M. pistaciae and its damage varied between 0.8-75%. In 1997, start, peak, and end of pupal stage were observed on April 4th, May 7th and May 21st. Start, peak and end of adult emergence occurred on May 4th, May 18th and June 4th. In two other orchards, almost a similar trend was observed. Start, peak and end of oviposition were also observed on May 18th, May 28th and July 2nd. Development of pistachio tree was divided into nine stages and the above mentioned dates were compared to that. E. plotnikovi had one generation every one or two years. Only one egg was found in each infested fruit and first stage larvae had a long prefeeding period. The use of the information obtained from this study in the management of these pests is discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 20003001962 Record 361 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Iran's pistachio industry. OT: La coltivazione del pistacchio in Iran. AU: Javanshash-A; Avanzato-D; Hokmabadi-MH SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 2000, 62: 10, 90-92; 5 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: That Iran's pistachio industry plays an important role in the country's economy can be seen in the fact that there is a specific research institute just for pistachios at Kerman, the province that accounts for 80% of the crop. The cultivars are budded to P. vera seedling stocks, unlike in Italy where the rootstock is P. terebinthus and in the USA where it is P. integerrima or particular hybrids. Budding is performed in the orchard between years 2 and 3 and planting densities are high, the average ranging between 800 and 1600 trees/ha, as against the 250 trees/ha found in most modern orchards. The most widely employed cultivar is Ohady, the others being of minor interest and adapted to specific environments; all the cultivars are yellow-fleshed and suited to salting, unlike Sicilian pistachios which are green-fleshed and suited to industrial processing. While field budding to seedlings is the usual approach to propagation, some nurseries are now employing budded and potted scions that are transplanted in the field. The pistachio is a deciduous tree whose roots are ill-suited to unprotected transplanting, especially in Iran's arid environments. Most of the pistachio orchards are irrigated with small amounts of water high in salinity because it is drawn from deep wells. Although harvesting is still manual, it is performed rapidly so as to prevent problems with aflatoxin outbreaks, the crop being delivered from field to packing house for processing in no more than 24 hours. In terms of its plant pathology profile, while Iran's pistachio orchards share the same diseases found in other Mediterranean pistachio orchards, they are not vulnerable to nematodes despite using the nematode-susceptible P. vera rootstock. PT: Journal-article AN: 20003014802 Record 362 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Detection of pistachio nuts with closed-shells using impact acoustics. AU: Pearson-TC SO: 2000-ASAE-Annual-International-Meeting,-Milwaukee,-Wisconsin,-USA,-9-12-July-2000. 2000, 1-13; ASAE Paper No. 003068; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers; St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: An acoustical based sorting system was developed to separate pistachio nuts with closed-shells from those with open-shells. The system includes a microphone, digital signal processing hardware, material handling equipment, and an air reject mechanism. It was found that, upon impact with a steel plate, nuts with closed-shells emit sounds having higher amplitudes for the first 0.33 ms than nuts with open-shells. After this time, nuts with closed-shells emit sounds having lower amplitudes than those with open-shells. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify nuts using three features extracted from the microphone signal during the first 1.4 ms after impact. One of the discriminant features is the integration of the absolute value of microphone output signal during the first 0.11 ms after impact. The other two features are the number of data points in the digitized microphone signal, between 0.6 and 1.4 ms after impact, that have a slope and intensity below preset threshold levels. The classification accuracy of this system is _98%. The system has a throughput rate of _40 nuts per second and cost of about $5000 per channel. This cost is much lower than color sorters used to remove other pistachio defects but the throughput is comparable. Currently, closed-shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices have a lower classification accuracy, 95%, and damage kernels in open-shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed system does not cause such damage. The increased sorting accuracy of the acoustic sorter, coupled with it's low cost, enables a payback period of less than one year. PT: Bulletin-article; Conference-paper AN: 20003020109 Record 363 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Leaf zinc and copper concentrations of mature pistachio trees in response to fertigation. AU: Kallsen-CE; Holtz-B; Villaruz-L; Wylie-C SO: HortTechnology. 2000, 10: 1, 172-176; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Mature Kerman pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees, located on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California on an alkaline clay-loam soil, were fertigated in 1997 and 1998 with three combinations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) sulfate. Seasonal applications of Zn and Cu were injected at three separate times starting in spring and ending in summer. Efficacy of the treatments were compared by measuring the concentration of Zn and Cu in leaf tissue. Fertigated treatments were compared to trees receiving no supplemental Zn or Cu and to trees receiving a single foliar treatment of Zn and Cu each year. Soil Zn and Cu concentrations increased in the fertigated plots. Plots receiving the highest rates of Zn and Cu showed the greatest increase. However, at the recommended August leaf sampling date, only the foliar treated pistachio trees showed a significant increase in leaf Zn and Cu. The results demonstrate that after two seasons, a foliar application of Zn and Cu in April, 2-3 weeks after flowering, increased leaf-tissue concentrations of Zn and Cu to sufficiency levels. These foliar applications were more effective than fertigating with Zn and Cu sulfate. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315244 Record 364 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Analysis of the effects of maturation treatments on the probabilities of somatic embryo germination and plantlet regeneration in pistachio using a linear logistic method. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Theobald-C; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture. 2000, 60: 2, 121-129; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Embryogenic masses of pistachio (Pistacia vera) were proliferated in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. To determine the effects of benzylaminopurine [benzyladenine] (BAP), racemic (±) abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose treatments during maturation on the subsequent germination and plantlet regeneration, clusters of mature somatic embryos were transferred from maturation medium onto the surface of 0.7% agar-solidified MS medium. Neither germination nor plantlet development medium contained BAP or ABA. Germination studies were carried out using 80 somatic embryos at every combination of 4 sucrose concentrations (58, 117, 175 and 234 mM), 3 maturation periods (4, 5 and 6 weeks) and either 5 concentrations of BAP (4.5 to 71 µM) or 4 of ABA (0.95 to 7.6 µM), and the numbers germinating were recorded after 4 durations of culture (10, 20, 30 and 40 days). A similar experimental plan was used to study plantlet regeneration. The number of germinated somatic embryos increased markedly with duration of the culture on germination medium, and was influenced by the concentrations of BAP or ABA in the maturation medium; the concentration of sucrose in this medium had little influence. Plantlet regeneration also increased with culture duration and was reduced at the highest levels of BAP or ABA; with ABA, the probability of plantlet regeneration was lower for longer maturation periods. ABA and BAP had similar effects on somatic embryo germination (except at the highest levels used), but BAP was superior to ABA for promoting subsequent plantlet regeneration. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315605 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6857%28000000%2960%3A2%3C121%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 365 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Micropropagation of pistachio from mature trees. AU: Onay-A SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture. 2000, 60: 2, 159-162; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Multiple shoots were induced from nodal segments of mature trees of Pistacia vera on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine [benzyladenine] (BA). The highest multiple shoot production was obtained from shoot tips taken from in vitro-proliferated shoots cultured on solidified MS medium containing 8.8 µM BA. The multiplication rate was 20 microshoots per explant on the 30th day. Rooting of microshoots was achieved in MS medium supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) and the highest number of roots resulted from treatment with 9.8 µM IBA. Rooted plantlets resumed independent growth after a short period of acclimatization. Rooted plantlets were transferred to greenhouse conditions after 4-5 weeks hardening in peat and perlite. In the greenhouse, viable plantlets set dormant buds, survived overwintering and appeared phenotypically normal compared to control seedlings under the same conditions. However, only about 50% of the plantlets resumed growth after one year. While a few of these developed a deep root system and grew fast, most grew only slowly, which was probably due to a lack of mycorrhizal formation on the roots. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315608 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6857%28000000%2960%3A2%3C159%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 366 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Agronomic and commercial characteristics of pistachio cultivars. OT: Caracteristicas agronomicas y comerciales de variedades de pistachero. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Socias-i-Company-R SO: Jornadas de experimentacion en fruticultura, Zaragoza, Spain. ITEA. 2000, Volumen Extra No. 21, 143-147; 3 ref. LA: Spanish AB: The following characteristics were studied in pistachio cultivars of diverse origin evaluated in Spain: date and duration of flowering; indices of vigour and precocity; and fruit weight, yield, dimensions, form and dehiscence. The female cultivars Kerman, Mateur, Larnaka and Aegina, and the pollinators B, C, M-502 and Peters, were considered to be of potential interest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 20000316824 Record 367 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Shoot length distribution and its relation to yield of alternate-bearing pistachio trees. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA; Ferguson-L SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 2000, 125: 2, 165-168; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is known to strongly exhibit alternate bearing. Over 19 500 individual shoots were measured on 8 alternate bearing cv. Kerman pistachio trees on P. atlantica rootstock. Average lengths of "on" year (5.4 cm) and "off" year new shoot growth (5.6 cm) were not significantly different. New shoot length distribution was skewed toward the shorter length categories, with a mode of 2 and 4 cm in "on" and "off" trees, respectively. These results contrast with previous studies which have shown that "on" year new shoots of pistachio are much longer than "off" year new shoots. There were about twice as many "on" year new shoots in the 18 to 30 cm class as compared to "off" year new shoots, and fruiting wood length was associated positively with fruit number. However, _80% of tree yield occurred on fruiting wood that was <10 cm long, with shoots longer than 15 cm contributing <5% to yield. Shoots >30 cm in length may be important in establishing vegetative buds in a position above the main tree crown for canopy expansion during the following "off" year. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000317169 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 368 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Population dynamics of Psyllidae on pistachio (Pistacia vera): bioecological data on Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. & Laut. (Homop. Sternorrhyncha). AU: Souliotis-C; Tsourgianni-A SO: Bollettino-di-Zoologia-Agraria-e-di-Bachicoltura. 2000, 32: 1, 49-58; 14 ref. LA: English LS: Italian AB: A survey was carried out during 1998-99 in 2 pistachio orchards in the Anavissos and Avlon areas in Greece. Agonoscena pistaciae was the most important pest. It occurred between mid-April and the end of November. From mid-August onwards, the population density increased rapidly. A. cisti appeared also in mid-April and remained on leaves in small to medium sized populations until the end of July. Megagonoscena gallicola was found in small numbers from mid-July until the end of August. A. targionii was found only once in Avlona. At the beginning of May, Chrysoperla carnea and Anthocoris nemoralis, and the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae were also found. Their numbers increased between the beginning of August and mid-November and they played an important role in reducing populations of A. pistaciae. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001114100 Record 369 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Allergy to Anacardiaceae: description of cashew and pistachio nut allergens. AU: Garcia-F; Moneo-I; Fernandez-B; Garcia-Menaya-JM; Blanco-J; Juste-S; Gonzalo-MA SO: Journal-of-Investigational-Allergology-and-Clinical-Immunology. 2000, 10: 3, 173-177; 19 ref. LA: English LS: Spanish AB: Some members of the Anacardiaceae family, such as cashew nut, pistachio nut and mango, have been reported to cause immediate allergic reactions. Three cases of anaphylaxis to cashew nuts are reported. With the aim of describing the allergens existing in cashew and pistachio nuts, patients were prick tested with cashew and pistachio extracts. Specific IgE against both nuts was studied by CAP and SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. It was found that skin tests and specific IgE to cashew and pistachio nuts were positive in the three patients. Both nuts showed several protein bands in SDS-PAGE. The strongest IgE-binding bands had similar molecular weights (15, 30 and 60 kDa) in cashew and pistachio nuts. These main bands were found to be sensitive to reducing agents. It was concluded that these three patients suffered immediate reactions to cashew nut due to an IgE-mediated mechanism. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001419796 Record 370 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of short-term storage on germinability of pistachio pollen. AU: Vaknin-Y; Eisikowitch-D SO: Plant-Breeding. 2000, 119: 4, 347-350; 23 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of short-term storage under room conditions (constant 25°C and 35% relative humidity), refrigeration (4°C) and freezing (-20°C) on the germinability of pollen of pistachio, Pistacia vera, were studied and the effects of desiccation and pollen age on its germinability were reassessed. It was found that: (1) weight loss as a result of desiccation was positively correlated with germinability; (2) pollen grains stored in room conditions only germinated after prehydration, which restored germinability even after 7 days of exposure; (3) refrigerated (4°C) pollen grains retained their germinability for at least a week; (4) frozen pollen grains irreversibly lost most of their germinability; and (5) 2-day-old pollen grains, within the anthers, retained their germinability under room conditions. These findings will contribute to the improvement of pistachio pollen preservation and help to find a simple and inexpensive method for its short-term storage, while retaining its germinability. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001614839 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 371 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Histology of somatic embryogenesis in cultured leaf explants of pistachio (Pistacia vera L). AU: Onay-A SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Botany. 2000, 24: 2, 91-95; 12 ref. LA: English LS: Turkish AB: The histology of somatic embryo initiation and development in pistachio (cv. Antep) embryogenic masses (EMS) derived from leaf explants was examined using light microscopy. Explants with somatic embryos at different developmental stages were fixed for histological examination, cut into 10 µm thick sections, stained with haematoxylin-eosin and observed microscopically. The histological examination showed that the two types of cell clusters induced originated from explants and were morphologically different. These results clearly demonstrate that the induction and development of somatic embryos from leaf explants of pistachio were from single epidermal or subepidermal cells. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000311947 Record 372 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Endocarp dehiscence in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Polito-VS; Pinney-K SO: International-Journal-of-Plant-Sciences. 1999, 160: 5, 827-835; 20 ref. LA: English AB: Measurements of seeds and inner dimensions of endocarps of mature pistachio fruits show that dehiscent endocarps differ from indehiscent endocarps by having more massive seeds and seeds that are larger relative to the size of the endocarp. These results and observations indicate that 2 dehiscence events occur: longitudinal shell split, which is driven by physical forces exerted on the endocarp by the seed, and apical dehiscence, which occurs at the site of intrusion of the transmitting tissue tract into the ovary. Apical dehiscence varies according to the extent of transmitting tissue present at anthesis, as well as the degree of cytodifferentiation that may occur in these cells. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000308228 *LHM: Fulltext of this journal is available from 19/01/1997 to present through Expanded Academic ASAP http://www.rose-net.co.ir/fullti/gale.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 373 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of gibberellic acid on seedling growth in two wild species of pistachio. AU: Rahemi-M; Baninasab-B SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 2000, 75: 3, 336-339; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Beneh (Pistacia mutica) and kolkhong (Pistacia khinjuk) are wild species of pistachio which grow naturally with other trees in some parts of Iran. Because of their adaptibility to severe environmental conditions and their resistance to some pests and diseases, they can be used as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. Poor germination and very low seedling vigour of these two species have been a major problem in using them as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. In this study gibberellic acid (GA3), at concentrations of 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg l-1 were used during and after stratification to enhance seedling growth. The results showed that GA3, applied during and after stratification, significantly increased the length, trunk diameter, internode length, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of seedlings of both species. However, application of GA3 after stratification was more effective on seedling growth of beneh. GA3 applied at higher concentrations (500 and 750 mg l-1) increased the rate of growth, but growth malformations were clearly evident in seedlings of kolkhong. GA3 at 250 mg l-1 enhanced seedlings growth of kolkhong. It was concluded that application of GA3 to the seedlings might be a useful method for promoting rapid shoot growth of beneh and kolkhong and reduce the expense of seedling production in glasshouse conditions. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310422 Record 374 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen supplementation in almond and pistachio orchards using electrostatic techniques. AU: Vaknin-Y; Gan-Mor-S; Eisikowitch-D SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1999, No. 8, 20-23; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The performance of an electrostatic pollination device was tested in experiments at Kibbutz Yizreel, Israel in 1998. Trees of almond cv. Ne Plus Ultra were pollinated with pollen from cv. Butte and trees of pistachio cv. Kerman were pollinated with pollen from cv. Peters. In almonds, nut production was similar with non-electrostatic pollination or open pollination but was significantly higher with electrostatic pollination. In pistachios electrostatic pollination increased nut yields compared with open pollination. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310476 Record 375 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio situation in Algeria. AU: Belhadj-S SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1999, No. 8, 30; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia atlantica, P. terebinthus and P. lentiscus are native to Algeria. Pistachios are an underutilized crop. Wild ecotypes are subject to genetic erosion. A few new P. vera orchards have been established using cultivars developed in Syria, Turkey and Iran. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310479 Record 376 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography using post-column bromination for determination of aflatoxins in peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste, and paprika powder: collaborative study. AU: Stroka-J; Anklam-E; Jorissen-U; Gilbert-J SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 2000, 83: 2, 320-340; 15 ref. LA: English AB: A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an immunoaffinity column clean-up liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins at European regulatory limits. The test portion was extracted with methanol-water (8+2) for dried figs and paprika, and with methanol-water (8+2) plus hexane (or cyclohexane) for peanut butter and pistachios. The sample extract was filtered, diluted with phosphate buffer saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. The column was washed with water and the aflatoxins were eluted with methanol. Aflatoxins were quantitated by reversed-phase LC with post-column derivatization (PCD) involving bromination. PCD was achieved with either an electrochemical cell (Kobra cell) and addition of bromide to the mobile phase or pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide. Determination is by fluorescence. Peanut butter, pistachio paste, dried fig paste and paprika powder samples, both naturally contaminated with aflatoxins and containing added aflatoxins, were sent to 16 collaborators in 16 European countries. Test portions of samples were spiked at levels of 2.4 and 9.6 ng/g for total aflatoxins which included 1.0 and 4.0 ng/g aflatoxin B1, respectively. Recoveries for total aflatoxins ranged from 71 to 92% with corresponding recoveries for aflatoxin B1 of 82 to 109%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels) as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 4 levels, including blank), the relative standard deviation for repeatability ranged from 4.6 to 23.3% for total aflatoxins and from 3.1 to 20.0% for aflatoxin B1. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility ranged from 14.1 to 34.2% for total aflatoxins, and from 9.1 to 32.2% for aflatoxin B1. The method showed acceptable within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for all 4 matrixes, as evidenced by HORRAT values <1, at the low levels of determination for both total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001202354 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 377 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The pistachio. OT: Il pistacchio. AU: Caruso-T; Sottile-F SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1999, 55: 48, 59-64. LA: Italian AB: This article examines the pistachio (Pistacia vera) in the light of the EU project GENRES 29, which aims to conserve the genetic resources of minor fruit and nut species in Europe. Details are given of its taxonomy, origins and diffusion throughout the world, economic importance and world production, botanical description, habitat and fruiting biology, cultivation techniques, pistachio in the GENRES 29 project, cultivars and rootstocks, and principal uses. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001608819 Record 378 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells. AU: Pearson-T; Toyofuku-N SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 2000, 16: 1, 91-94; 5 ref. LA: English AB: An automated machine vision system was developed to identify and remove pistachio nuts with closed shells from processing streams. The system includes a novel material handling system to feed nuts to linescan cameras without tumbling. The camera output signals are input to digital signal processing boards which extract image features characteristic of closed and open shell pistachios. The classification accuracy of this machine vision system for separating open shell from closed shell nuts is approximately 95%. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 40 nuts per second and cost of about $15,000 per channel. This throughput and cost is comparable to colour sorters used to remove other pistachio defects. Currently, closed shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices also have a classification accuracy of about 95% but damage kernels in open shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed machine vision system is a non-invasive inspection method. PT: Journal-article AN: 20002401813 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 379 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effect of environmental factors. AU: Lu-BingShe; Bai-ZhiYing; Dong-YuAn; Liang-HaiYong; Lu-BS; Bai-ZY; Dong-YA; Liang-HY SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica. 1999, 26: 5, 287-290; 7 ref. LA: Chinese LS: English AB: Photosynthesis in pistachio and the effects of environmental factors on photosynthesis were studied. The curve of diurnal variation of leaf photosynthesis showed 2 peaks, at 11.00 and 15.00 h. The seasonal variation of photosynthesis exhibited 2 peaks, in June and August. Among leaves in June, those located in the middle of shoots exhibited the highest photosynthesis. The light compensation point of photosynthesis and light saturation point were 51 and 1600 µmolthinm-2thins-1, respectively. The CO2 compensation point of photosynthesis and the CO2 saturation point were 136 and 830 µl/litre, respectively. The best temperature for photosynthesis was 30oC. The optimum soil relative water content (SRWC) for photosynthesis was 70%, with critical SRWC values, at which the plant needs irrigation, of 30-35%. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000307332 Record 380 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Assessment of Pistacia rootstocks to Phytophthora spp. The causal agents of pistachio gummosis. AU: Banihashemi-Z SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 63-66; 26 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera (11 cultivars), P. mutica, P. khinjuk, P. atlantica and P. atlanticaXP. integerrima (UCB#1) were established in the green house. Inocula of Phytophthora citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. megasperma (isolated from pistachio trees in Rafsenjan) and P. nicotianae (soil isolate around pistachio tree in Kerman) were grown on vermiculite supplemented with hemp seed extract (200 ml vermiculite+120 ml of 60 g hemp seed extract in 1000 ml distilled water) for four weeks at 20oC. Ten-month-old P. vera cultivars and 15-month-old other Pistacia spp. were inoculated with 10 ml of the inoculum at the base of each seedling. Controls received vermiculite+hemp seed extract. Pots were flooded overnight and drained the following day. Drained water was baited with citrus leaf disks for the presence of the pathogen. Pots were kept saturated during the experiment. Periodical flooding and baiting was performed throughout the experiment. P. mutica and P. khinjuk were more susceptible to all Phytophthora species than P. vera cultivars, exhibiting symptoms of terminal wilting, drying of leaves followed by plant death 7 days after inoculation. P. khinjuk and P. vera cultivar Sarakhs were the most susceptible to Phytophthora spp. P. atlantica and UCB#1 (P. atlanticaXP. integerrima) were highly resistant to all Phytophthora species and did not show any disease symptoms during the experiment and two years thereafter. Other cultivars of P. vera in descending order of susceptibility were: Mousaabadi, Amiri, Harati, Fandoughi, louk, Ghazvini, Jandaghi, Ouhadi and Badami. Isolates of P. citrophthora were more aggressive than other species on Pistacia spp. P. nicotianae and P. megasperma were mildly pathogenic on susceptible cultivars. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004612 Record 381 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Little leaf (Ghermezu) disease of pistachio in Kerman province. AU: Abusaidi-D; Alavi-SH; Salehi-M; Ebrahim-Nesbat-F; Izadpanah-K SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 234-235 (Pe), 71 (En). LA: Persian LS: English AB: Little leaf of 'ghermezu' (reddening) is a disorder which occurs in certain pistachio plantations in Kerman province, Iran. Symptoms of the disease are small red leaves and fruits, leaf cupping, unthrifty branches, wilting and death of affected branches and gradual decline of the trees. During studies on the disease in Rafsanjan, 1/2-year-old pistachio seedlings were grafted with bark cylinders carrying buds from diseased branches in 1996 (150 seedlings) and 1997 (50 seedlings). No transmission was observed in any of the 200 graftings. Similar results were obtained by side grafting under greenhouse conditions at the Zargan Experiment Station. Examination of thin sections with the electron microscope showed signs of phytoplasma or virus particles in diseased samples. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004615 Record 382 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The incidence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in the root of pistachio in Kerman province. AU: Salehi-F; Abusaidi-D; Ali-Asgharzadeh-N SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 236-237 (Pe), 73 (En). LA: Persian LS: English AB: The incidence of VAM in the rhizosphere and roots of pistachio trees in the production areas in Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman province, Iran, was surveyed during 1995-97. Spores of VA-mycorrhizal fungi were extracted from 100 g of soil by wet-sieving followed by sucrose centrifugation, and collected roots were cleared and stained. For evaluation of endomycorrhizal roots the nonsystematic root scanning procedure was used. VAM were associated with the roots of Pistacia vera in the majority of the pistachio production areas. Glomus fasciculatum was collected from Kerman and Zarand orchards and Glomus sp. from many of the production areas in Kerman province. Gigaspora decipiens and Glomus gerdemannii were recovered for the first time from soil of pistachio orchards. Glomus spp. population was high in areas with short irrigation intervals, low salinity, and moderate climatic conditions. Soil sample analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between soil phosphorus concentration and VAM population. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004618 Record 383 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Detection of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts which was imported from Iran in the retail market in Japan by the inspection conducted by the local health authority and the brief report of the result of the observation of pistachio nuts production in Iran. AU: Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 1999, No. 49, 49-50. LA: Japanese PT: Annual-report; Journal-article AN: 20001201325 Record 384 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of nut and cluster detachment from ten cultivars of pistachio trees shaken by a mechanical shaker. AU: Mobli-H; Tavakoli-Hashtjin-T; Rostami-MA SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1999, 30: 1, 19-24; 9 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: In order to determine the percentage detachment of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera) or clusters off trees, a mechanical shaker with 540 rpm frequency and 25 mm stroke was used. This stroke and frequency had been found to be the most suitable during a preliminary experiment. In an experiment of completely randomized block design, 30 trees (3 replications of 10 different cultivars) were trunk shaken. For ripe nuts, a detachment of 95% was observed whereas in the case of clusters a maximum detachment of 21% (for cv. Reza-i Zoodras). Other cultivars, namely Ghazvini, Ohadi, Kalleh Ghoochi, Shahpasand and Momtaze Tajabadi, showed less cluster detachment. A significant difference for nut detachment (alpha=0.01) was observed between the different cultivars. Detachment was highest in Italia-i, Momtaze Tajabadi and Ghazvini making these the most suitable for shake harvesting using this particular shaker device. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001606845 Record 385 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of potassium fertilization on soil potassium distribution and balance in pistachio orchards. AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA SO: Better-Crops-with-Plant-Food. 1999, 83: 4, 24-26. LA: English AB: In a field trial in 1996-98 at Yolo and Madera, California where the soil exchangeable K content in the top 6 inches of soil was 156 and 97 ppm, respectively, K fertilizer was applied by fertigation at monthly intervals from May to August at an annual rate of 0, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 lb/tree. Without K application soil K content decreased by 0.37 and 0.34 lb/tree in the top 30 inches of soil at Madera and Yolo, respectively. K fertigation increased soil K content in the top 30 inches of soil but movement of surface-applied K was slow down through the profile. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001907043 Record 386 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of primary DRIS norms for nine elements in pistachio. AU: Rafsanjani-MH; Malakouti-MJ SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1998, 29: 2, 345-351; 17 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations were analysed in pistachio plants from 200 different orchards in Iran. A Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System was used to calculate norm values for each element upon which deficiency diagnosis and fertilizer recommendations could be made. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990311496 Record 387 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The stomata density of pistachio cultivars on different Pistacia rootstocks. OT: Farkli Pistacia anaclarina asili antepfistigi cesitlerinin stoma yogunluklari. AU: Caglar-S; Tekin-H SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Agriculture-and-Forestry. 1999, 23: Supplement 5, 1029-1032; 12 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: The stomatal densities of some pistachio cultivars (Uzun, Kirmizi, Halebi, Siirt and Ohadi) on P. vera, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk rootstocks were determined. Stomatal density of leaves from the north side was higher than that of leaves from the south sides of trees. The stomatal numbers per unit area on the abaxial side of leaves ranged from 114 to 151, and on the adaxial side of leaves from 171 to 221. The stomatal densities of both leaf surfaces were affected by both cultivar and rootstock. Halebi, Siirt and Ohadi had a higher stomatal density than Uzun and Kirmiizi. A cultivar X rootstock interaction was also found among the combinations. The cultivars on P. atlantica had more stomata per unit area than P. khinjuk and P. vera rootstocks. The highest stomatal density was seen in the combination P. atlantica/Halebi, followed by P. atlantica/Ohadi and P. vera/Ohadi. The lowest values were found in the combinations P. vera/Uzun and P. vera/Kirmizi. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990311944 Record 388 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells. AU: Pearson-TC; Toyofuku-N SO: ASAE-CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 18-21 July, 1999. 1999, 8 pp.; ASAE Paper No. 993061; 5 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: An automated machine vision system was developed to identify and remove pistachio nuts with closed shells from processing streams. The system includes a novel material handling system to feed nuts to linescan cameras without tumbling. The camera output signals are input to digital signal processing boards which extract image features characteristic of closed and open shell pistachios. The classification accuracy of this machine vision system for separating open shell from closed shell nuts was approximately 95%. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 40 nuts per second and cost of about $15 000 per channel. This throughput and cost is comparable to colour sorters used to remove other pistachio defects. Currently, closed shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices also have a classification accuracy of about 95%, but damage kernels in open shell pistachios by 'pricking' them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed machine vision system is a non-invasive inspection method. PT: Conference-paper AN: 19990312079 Record 389 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Suitable stroke and frequency for nut detachment of different pistachio varieties. AU: Mobli-H; Rajabipour-A SO: ASAE-CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 18-21 July, 1999. 1999, 11 pp.; ASAE Paper No. 996028; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: Using a mechanical shaker, it was found that a 540-cpm frequency and a 25-mm stroke were the most suitable choice for shaking pistachio trees. Three pistachio varieties, cv. Italia-i, cv. Momtaze Tajabadi and cv. Ghazvini, were recognized as the most suitable ones for shake harvesting using a shaker of the above stroke and frequency. PT: Conference-paper AN: 19990312095 Record 390 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Mechanical control studies of the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus M.& R. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1999, 17: 1, 9-16; 15 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Twelve experiments were conducted in two regions of Syria (Al-Muselmiya/Aleppo and Morek/Hama) to study the pistachio bark beetle, Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus], response to detached pistachio branches placed at different sites in relation to the pistachio parent tree, as a mechanical control method for H. vestitus. The experiments were carried out monthly from December 1995 until November 1996 to study the effect of branch location on attracting H. vestitus adults. Results showed that the scolytid beetle was greatly attracted to branches located on the middle-periphery of the tree canopy in northern and eastern sites during May in the Al-Muselmiya/Aleppo region. This attractiveness was great during April, May, October and November towards the branches located inside the tree canopy and against the tree main trunk in the Morek/Hama region. At the end of each month, the dry branches should be collected and burned. Results indicated that mechanical control was sufficient enough to control the pest. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991110764 Record 391 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of pistachio nuts on serum lipid levels in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. AU: Edwards-K; Kwaw-I; Matud-J; Kurtz-I SO: Journal-of-the-American-College-of-Nutrition. 1999, 18: 3, 229-232; 12 ref. LA: English AB: The study examined whether substituting 20% of the daily caloric intake in the form of pistachio nuts for 3 weeks would improve the lipid profiles of 10 subjects with primary, moderate hypercholesterolaemia. A controlled, randomized crossover design was used. Outpatient dietary modification, counselling and blood analysis were performed. Body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were monitored. Lipid profiles were analysed prior to, during and after dietary modification. After three weeks, there was a decrease in total cholesterol (P<0.04), an increase in HDL (P<0.09), a decrease in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (P<0.01) and a decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio (P<0.02). Triglycerides and LDL levels decreased, but not significantly. Body weight and blood pressure remained constant throughout the study. Results suggest that eating pistachio nuts instead of other dietary fat calories can improve lipid profiles, thereby decreasing coronary risk. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991412389 Record 392 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Measuring productivity of the most important effective factors on pistachio production in Ardaken. AU: Ardakani-AF; Mousanejad-MG SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1998, 29: 2, 309-316; 15 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: The effect of different factors such as labour, water and fertilizer use on pistachio production in Iran is examined. Average, marginal and total productivity of production factors were computed using a transcendental production function technique. The results showed that the TEP was low in the study area and the productivity of the short variety trees was higher than the high variety trees. The results also indicate that farmers do not use the inputs at their optimum level. Suggestions for increasing the productivity of these inputs is discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991809640 Record 393 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Potassium fertilization and diagnostic criteria for pistachio trees. AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA SO: Better-Crops-with-Plant-Food. 1999, 83: 3, 10-12. LA: English AB: Areas discussed are: K fertilization increases leaf K; K fertilization increases nut yield; fertilization increases nut quality; and the diagnostic criteria for nut selection. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991913682 Record 394 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees. AU: Vemmos-SN SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1999, 22: 8, 1291-1301; 17 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruiting on mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes) was studied at Athens in 1990 and 1992. Nutrient concentrations were measured in leaves and flower buds on fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees at 2-week intervals from leaf emergence until the flower bud abscission of fruiting trees was completed. The results showed that the presence of fruits significantly increased the leaf concentrations of Mg, Ca, Mn and Zn throughout the whole period of measurement and that of N only until the beginning of seed growth (in June). In contrast, fruits decreased leaf concentrations of K (throughout the whole period) and that of N (after the beginning of seed growth and high rates of bud abscission). P and Fe concentrations in leaves were not influenced by fruits. The results for flower buds were similar to those for leaves for the nutrients K, Mg, Mn, and Ca, while P, Zn, and Fe concentrations tended to be higher in buds of fruiting trees. N concentrations were higher in buds of fruiting trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990309902 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 395 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Distribution and transport of foliar applied zinc in pistachio. AU: Zhang-QingLong; Brown-PH; Zhang-QL SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 4, 433-436; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The distribution and transport of foliar applied Zn were determined for pistachio seedlings and mature trees using stable 68Zn isotope. In greenhouse-raised seedlings (5-6 leaves), _5.4% of Zn adsorbed by the leaf was transported out of the treated leaves and this Zn was detected in all other plant parts to varying extents. In mature trees (growing in Davis, California, USA), the transport of Zn occurred both acropetally and basipetally within the leaflets with more basipetal movement; however, no significant amount of Zn was transported out of the treated leaflets during the first 10 days after application. The total percentage of Zn transported to other plant parts 20 days after application was significantly greater when Zn was applied to immature leaflets (6.5%) than to mature leaflets (2.1%), though the majority of the absorbed Zn remained within the treated leaflets. The limited mobility of foliar-absorbed Zn in pistachio may partially be attributed to the high binding capacity of leaf tissue for Zn. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990310272 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 396 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio (Pistacia lentiscus) in the Mediterranean environment: biodiversity and ecological potential. OT: Il lentisco (Pistacia lentiscus L.) nell'ambiente mediterraneo: biodiversita e potenziale ecologico. AU: Mulas-M; Abeltino-P; Brigaglia-N SO: Monti-e-Boschi. 1999, 50: 2, 5-9; 28 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: An investigation into the biodiversity of wild, spontaneous populations of Pistacia lentiscus has been carried out in Sardinia, Italy. Pistachio formations are characterized by a dense vegetation, good regeneration ability, and resistance to drought. For these reasons, it has an important role for soil erosion control and protection from the risk of desertification. In order to define the ecological potential of the species, 33 female ecotypes were examined. High phenotypic variability was detected for characters such as leaf biometrics, fruit bearing shoots (length between 2 and 15 cm), total number of fruits per shoot (from 6.9 to 100), mean weight of fruit and seed (respectively, between 30 and 120 mg and between 10 and 35 mg), percentage and mean time of seed germination (respectively, from 0 and 56% and between 7.3 and 32.7 days). PT: Journal-article AN: 19990608146 Record 397 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Biological and ecological studies on the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus M. & R. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1998, 16: 2, 74-80; 15 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: In Syria, pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees are often heavily infested by the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus]. Field studies were carried out in the Morek region, Hama/Syria, in 1995-1996 on the biology and ecology of the pests, which completed two overlapping generations per year. All adults aestivated. About 30% of the adults hibernated in the new branches, while ca. 70% of them as well as all old larvae hibernated in the old branches. Adults were present all year round, while none of the immature stages occurred during summer. Immature stages were found only in galleries in the old stems during the other seasons. The periods of occurrence of the different stages under field conditions were estimated. Distribution and intensity of beetles was also determined. Beetles were attracted to dead or unhealthy trees, and infestation decreased with increase of distance from field borders. Adults preferred the upper parts of the new branches, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the trees. The effect of climatic factors on the seasonal abundance of adults significantly increased with increase of temperature, and decreased with increase of both relative humidity and rainfall. The pest population reached a maximum on August 14, 1995, at 30°C, 36% relative humidity and no rainfall. A number of arthropod natural enemies, including predators and parasitoids were recorded from pistachio orchards in Syria. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991106998 Record 398 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The pests of pistachio. OT: I fitofagi del pistacchio. AU: Greco-F; Nucifora-S SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1999, 55: 26, 65-71. LA: Italian AB: The biology and ecology of the prevalent pests of pistachio (Pistacia vera) on the western slopes of Etna, Sicily, are described. They include nematodes, mites and insects, among the most important of which are the scolytid Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus], the torymid Megastigmus pistaciae and the gelechiid Teleiodes decorella. Past and present control methods against these pests are described. A table of the species of nematodes, mites and insects found on pistachio in Italy and worldwide is provided. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991108381 Record 399 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The mechanism of foliar zinc absorption in pistachio and walnut. AU: Zhang-QingLong; Brown-PH; Zhang-QL SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 3, 312-317; 30 ref. LA: English AB: The characteristics and mechanisms of foliar Zn uptake and translocation in pistachio (cv. Kerman) and walnut (cv. Gustine) were investigated using 68Zn labelling in both intact and detached leaves from trees grown at Davis, California. Following washing, mature walnut and pistachio leaves retained 8% and 12% of the total Zn applied, respectively. About half of retained Zn (3.5% and 6.5% of total Zn, respectively) was absorbed into the leaf and translocated outside the treated area. Leaf age affected the Zn absorption capacity of pistachio but not walnut. Immature pistachio leaves absorbed more Zn than mature leaves. The absorption of Zn by walnut leaves at high concentrations (7.5-15 mM Zn) was not significantly affected by the pH of the solution. In pistachio, Zn absorption was greatest at pH 3.5 and declined as pH increased to 8.5. The uptake process was not affected by light or addition of metabolic inhibitors. Foliar leaf absorption was only slightly affected by changes in temperature with an average Q10 of 1.2-1.4. These results suggest that foliar Zn uptake is dominated by an ion exchange and/or diffusion process rather than an active one. PT: Journal-article AN: 990306977 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 400 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Relationship between shell discoloration of pistachio nuts and incidence of fungal decay and insect infestation. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1999, 83: 3, 259-264; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Shell discoloration of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts collected from commercial orchards and processing plants in California, USA, was related to fungal decay, caused by Aspergillus spp., Ulocladium spp. and Alternaria spp., and insect infestation of the kernel. Nuts with ruptured hulls (early split nuts and nuts with cracked hulls) varied considerably in the amount of shell discoloration, ranging from none to extensive. For both types of hull rupture, as shell discoloration increased, kernel decay also increased. Nuts with no discoloration had little or no fungal decay and navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) infestation. Processed nuts with an oily-shell appearance had the highest incidences of fungal decay and navel orangeworm infestation; nuts with a crinkled shell, nuts with extensive dark brown discoloration, and nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration along the suture had relatively high levels of decayed and infested kernels; while nuts with yellow discoloration, nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration not along the suture, and nuts with no discoloration had little or no decay and infestation. Also, as shell discoloration of processed nuts increased, kernel decay increased. It is suggested that shell characteristics may be used by processors to identify poor quality nuts and to improve the quality of pistachio nuts sold to consumers. PT: Journal-article AN: 991001759 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 401 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Studies on chemical control of pistachio twig borer, Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep.: Oinophilidae) in Gaziantep province. OT: Gaziantep ilinde antepfistiklarinda zararli fistik dalguvesi Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep.: Oinophilidae) nin kimyasal mucadelesi uzerinde arastirmalar. AU: Mart-C; Celik-MY; Yigit-A SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1996, No. 28-29, 85-86. LA: English, Turkish PT: Abstract-only AN: 991103750 Record 402 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of aflatoxin levels in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescence detection. AU: Pearson-SM; Candlish-AAG; Aidoo-KE; Smith-JE SO: Biotechnology-Techniques. 1999, 13: 2, 97-99; 8 ref. LA: English AB: A technique for the detection of aflatoxins in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescent detection is presented. Recoveries were in the range of 79-99% for pistachio samples artificially contaminated with 10 µg total aflatoxins/kg of food sample. For cashew samples recoveries ranged from 80-106%. This method is proposed as an accurate technique for aflatoxin detection in the range of µg aflatoxins/kg nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 991201437 FTXT: Kluwer Academic Publishers http://kapis.www.wkap.nl/oasis.htm/205127 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0951-208X%28000000%2913%3A2%3C97%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X Record 403 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1998, 123: 6, 1069-1075; 47 ref. LA: English AB: Whole-tree effects of alternate bearing on reproductive growth, vegetative growth and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica rootstock were examined in California, USA. Although it is generally accepted that the "off" year in pistachio may be used to accumulate carbohydrate reserves, it was found that starch and sugars from the "off" year equalled only 8% of the construction cost of the "on" year's fruit load. The dry mass increase in perennial woody tissue of roots, trunk and branches in the "off" year (20.2 kg/tree) was 75% of the mass of fruit in "on" trees (26.4 kg/tree). When construction cost of wood and fruit was considered, "off" year woody tissue growth was 64% of "on" year fruit growth. Since previous studies have shown that leaf dry mass is generally 30% greater in "off" than "on" pistachio trees, it is concluded that the overall production of biomass in "off" and "on" year pistachios is similar. Therefore, it is suggested that the "off" year is not a period of substantial storage carbohydrate accumulation, but rather a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. This is consistent with ecologically based theories of the adaptive advantage of masting behavior, and suggests that withholding water and fertilizer during the "off" year may not harm "on" year yield. PT: Journal-article AN: 990300484 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 404 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fruiting and shading effects on metabolic heat rates of inflorescence buds, current-year, and one-year-old shoots of 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Breidenbach-RW SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1998, 123: 6, 961-966; 43 ref. LA: English AB: Isothermal microcalorimetric measurements of metabolic heat rates of pistachio cv. Kerman individual inflorescence buds, current-year and 1-year-old shoots were used to investigate the roles of current and reserve photosynthates in the abscission of inflorescence buds. In the early stages of development metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds were 2 and 3 times those of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots, respectively. Individual shoot organs (1-year-old shoots, current-year shoots and inflorescence buds) sampled from "on" trees had higher metabolic heat rates than similar individual organs sampled from "off" trees. Artificial shading of pistachio trees for 14 days in early June depressed metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds within 24 h, but there was a delay of 4 days before the decline in metabolic heat rates of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots. This suggests that metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds apparently depended on currently fixed photosynthates. PT: Journal-article AN: 990300489 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 405 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The California pistachio industry. AU: Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 38-42. LA: English AB: The acreage of pistachios, grown in California, has increased from around 1600 acres in the mid 1970's to 64 300 acres in 1996, resulting in an increase in production from 1.5 to 104.3 million pounds. A brief history of the increase in pistachio growing over the last 20 years is presented. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301008 Record 406 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The Sicilian pistachio industry: an overview. AU: Fabbri-A; Valenti-C; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 43-49; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The pistachio industry in Italy is concentrated in the southern island of Sicily, mainly in two small towns, Bronte and Adrano, along the western slopes of Mt Etna. The most peculiar characteristic of pistachio cultivation in this area is its location on poor soils that are unsuitable for other fruit crops. The plants are grafted on P. terebinthus seedlings, a spontaneous species of the Mediterranean maquis, whose root system is particularly suited to the lava-rich soils and is unsurpassed as a rootstock in this environment. Irrigation is very rare, although a modest water supply may double production. The only cultivars utilized, Bianca or Napoletana, produce high quality fruits in terms of colour and organoleptic properties. These quality characteristics allow the survival of a fruit crop that would otherwise be marginal. This paper also gives statistical information on pistachio production in the region. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301009 Record 407 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on pistachio rootstocks in California. AU: Ferguson-L; Kaur-S; Epstein-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 211-218; 16 ref. LA: English AB: A study was conducted on 3 pistachio rootstocks used in California: Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima and an interspecific hybrid (P. atlantica x P. integerrima). The rootstocks were planted in 1990 in the San Joaquin valley, California, USA. In 1994 and 1995 the feeder roots of 8 female plants of each rootstock were examined at 3 dates throughout the season, for the presence of endomycorrhizas. By the second sampling date in 1994 and the first sampling date in 1995 the cortical cells of young roots were extensively colonized. There were no significant differences in the extent of colonization between rootstocks in either year. There were at least 2 genera of arbuscular mycorrhiza present in all rootstocks: Glomus sp. and Sclerocystis sp. There were no differences in the species composition in the rootstocks but Glomus was the prevalent genus. Seedlings of the 3 rootstocks, potted into peat containing 1 propagule of Glomus intaradix/g FW soil became extensively colonized. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301011 Record 408 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen dispersal in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Erdogan-V; Kunter-B; Ayfer-M; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 286-293; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Pollen dispersal from pistachio trees was investigated in 1992 in order to estimate the appropriate male to female pollinator ratio in pistachio orchards. A seedling tree, 70 years old, growing in Ankara, Turkey, was used as the pollen source and no other male trees were present. The time of anthesis, pollen diameter and pollen viability were determined. Vaseline-coated glass traps were placed 2 m above the ground, in all directions, at increasing distances from the tree. Anthesis occurred on 28 April 1992 and peak pollen release was when 50-90% of the flowers were at anthesis. Viability was 86% and pollen diameter was 30.5 µm. The prevailing wind was northeast or east northeast so most of the pollen was collected to the west of the tree. Pollen concentration decreased markedly with increasing distance from the tree and 1138, 516, 389, 118, 54 and 19 pollen grains/cm3 were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 80 m from the tree, respectively. It was estimated that an average of 1.2 viable pollen grains might reach a female tree 20 m away and that this should be the maximum distance between pollinator and female trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301015 Record 409 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of drip irrigation on leaf gas exchanges and stem water potential in pistachio cv. Larnaka. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; de-Palma-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 317-323; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The influence of irrigation treatments restoring 0, 25, 50 or 75% ETc (0, 1500, 3000 and 4500 m3/ha per year, respectively) was assessed in terms of leaf net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, quantum yield, water use efficiency and stem water potential. The trial was carried out in Italy in 195 and 1996. Leaf gas exchange rates were influenced by normal fluctuations in growing cycle climatic conditions rather than by irrigation treatment. However, under dry conditions, restoring 25 or 50% Etc increased the rate of leaf net CO2 assimilation (by 10 and 20%, respectively), more so than the rate of leaf transpiration (increased by 0.5 and 7%, respectively), and thus resulted in a markedly higher water use efficiency (26 and 30% greater, respectively). In the treatment restoring 75% ETc, leaf net CO2 assimilation increased only by 7%, the same extent as the transpiration increment, so that water use efficiency rose only by 9%. Stem water potential was influenced by growing cycle and seasonal climatic conditions as well as by irrigation treatment. Under the trial conditions, lower photosynthetic rates in the maximum irrigation treatment might have been due to root sensitivity to soil oxygen depletion in saturated soils. The lack of treatment effects on stomatal conductance indicates that non-stomatal mechanisms played a role. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301225 Record 410 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate content within branches of fruiting and deblossomed pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Marra-FP; Barone-E; Motisi-A; Sidari-M; Caruso-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 331-339; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruiting on the within-branch sink hierarchy and seasonal carbohydrate availability in adult cv. Bianca trees in Sicily was investigated as part of a study on alternate bearing in pistachios. In 1994, two-thirds of the trees were deblossomed and in 1995 half of these trees were deblossomed again. This produced 3 treatments; a non-bearing 'off year' control, a previously deblossomed fruiting tree and a non-bearing tree for 2 years. Dry matter accumulation differed significantly depending on crop load in current and previous years. Fruits were the major sink for assimilates. Very early competition effects between growing pericarp and flower buds were evident. A higher flower bud dry weight was observed in the twice deblossomed trees and in the non-bearing control trees than in the once-deblossomed trees. Dry matter accumulation in the leaves of deblossomed non-bearing trees was more than twice that in the bearing ones. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301227 Record 411 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 340-348; 32 ref. LA: English AB: Whole-tree effects of biennial bearing on the reproductive growth, vegetative growth and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio trees were examined using data from previous work in Winters, California, USA. It was found that starch and sugars from the 'off' year equalled only 8% of the construction cost of the 'on' year's nut load. Furthermore, 'off' year growth of perennial woody tissue in the roots, trunk and branches was 75% of the mass of nuts in 'on' trees. When the construction cost of wood and nuts was considered, 'off' year woody tissue growth was 64% of 'on' year nut growth. As previous studies have shown that leaf growth is 30% greater in 'off' trees compared to 'on' trees it was concluded that biomass production is similar for 'on' and 'off' trees. It is suggested that the 'off' year is not a period of substantial carbohydrate accumulation but a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301228 Record 412 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Patterns of nitrogen uptake and storage in mature, alternate bearing pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 387-393; 17 ref. LA: English AB: The magnitude and seasonal pattern of N uptake was investigated in mature trees of the biennial bearing pistachio cultivar Kerman. 'On' and 'off' trees absorbed 167 and 153 kg N/ha per year, respectively and uptake was concentrated between late May and early September (nut-fill period). Above-ground annual organs (leaves, fruits and current shoot growth) represented 60 and <30% of the total N content at the time of maturity in 'on' and 'off' year trees, respectively. This difference was largely due to a significantly greater allocation of the total N absorbed to the perennial tree parts in 'off' trees relative to 'on' trees. The implication of these results with respect to fertilizer requirements is discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301232 Record 413 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of rootstock on trunk growth and foliar mineral content in cv. Bianca pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Barone-E; Sottile-F; Palazzolo-E; Caruso-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 394-401; 28 ref. LA: English AB: Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and mineral content were recorded for 4 years in the major Sicilian pistachio cultivar, Bianca, budded in 1991 onto 8 in vitro-propagated clonal rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica and P. integerrima clones) and one seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). The trees were grown using standard cultural practices for Sicilian dry-land farming in a fine sandy soil, located inland in Sicily (20 km SW of Palermo, 350 m a.s.l.). From 9 trees per rootstock, samples of 10 leaflets from the mid-section of current year shoots were taken yearly in August and analysed for the main plant mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B). The TCSA was measured at the end of each growing season. Clones of P. integerrima, especially clone 2, proved to be the most vigorous among the tested rootstocks, with a TCSA more than 3 times that of P. terebinthus. Clones of P. atlantica were of intermediate vigour, but differences in TCSA among the rootstocks tended to disappear in the last year of observation. There were no particular significant differences in the foliar concentrations of N, P, Fe, Mn and Zn, whereas there were significant differences among the rootstocks for Mg and K. Clone 3 of P. atlantica was the most efficient in using Mg and P. terebinthus in using K. Finally, an antagonistic effect was detected between these last 2 elements, with a highly significant negative correlation between K and Mg. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301233 Record 414 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The effects of alternate bearing, soil moisture and gypsum on potassium nutrition of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Rosecrance-RC; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 412-420; 43 ref. LA: English AB: A review of potassium nutrition in pistachios is presented and research perspectives in this area are discussed. Very limited information is available about K nutrition in pistachios. Recent studies indicate that K uptake and distribution are driven by fruit development, with the crop serving as a sink. K uptake occurs mainly during the nut-fill period, with little uptake during the spring vegetative flush and postharvest periods. K fertilization is found to be effective in increasing leaf K status, nut yield and quality. However, no guidelines for K fertilization exist and no generally accepted yield-based K diagnostic criteria have been developed. Further studies on K nutrition should be conducted in association with problems encountered in pistachio production, such as soil moisture regimes and nutrient interactions, in order to optimize the K fertilizer program. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301236 Record 415 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio nut iron deficiencies on calcareous soils. AU: Tekin-H; Arpaci-S; Yukceken-Y; Cakir-I; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 421-425; 7 ref. LA: English AB: An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different Fe levels on fruit quality of pistachio nut and also to determine the optimum levels of iron required in orchards with high lime levels and visible symptoms of leaf chlorosis. The trial was carried out in the Gaziantep district of Turkey during 1994-96. The most effective foliar spray was Fe sulfate at 55 ppm and pH 3; this was also the most economic rate to overcome deficiency problems. Soil application of 4-6 kg Fe sulfate/tree was also effective and economic. Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA were also effective but very costly. There was a positive correlation between Fe levels and 100-nut weight. There was no relationship between Fe level and split percentage or kernel percentage. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301237 Record 416 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Multivariate analysis of the effects of growth regulators on the regeneration of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from cotyledons. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Khsib-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 434-442; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio cv. Mateur cotyledons were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of benzyladenine (BAP), IBA and NAA, each at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0 mg/litre. In all there were 69 treatments. The response of the cotyledons was not always consistent so multivariate analysis was used to analyse the data. Discriminant analysis of 17 hormonal computations identified the main results but although it could eliminate ineffective media it also excluded interesting combinations. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a better description of various media effects on organogenesis was achieved, and at least 9 interesting balanced media that promoted pistachio micropropagation without the undesirable effects of rhizogenesis and callogenesis were selected. It was difficult to define a theoretical model for the observed effects of the growth regulators since their effect was related more to the growth regulator balance rather than a specific regulator. BAP was a determinant in adventitious regeneration with well defined effects, whereas IBA and NAA acted as moderators. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301239 Record 417 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of the best suitable grafting method on different pistachio rootstocks. AU: Arpaci-S; Aksu-O; Tekin-H; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 443-446; 8 ref. LA: English AB: An experiment was carried out in Gaziantep, Turkey, between 1992 and 1996 to determine the best time for budding pistachio seedlings (spring summer or autumn) and the best method of budding (chip budding, T-budding, inverted T-budding and pipe budding) onto the rootstocks Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. The highest bud take was with P. vera rootstocks. In early autumn chip budding was the most successful but in June T- and inverted T-budding gave the best results. Budding method had no effect on seedling growth after budding. P. atlantica seedlings were the most vigorous while those on P. vera were the least vigorous. There was no interaction between rootstock and budding method. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301240 Record 418 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Multivariate analysis of the role of inorganic elements on micropropagation of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Khsib-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 447-453; 5 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of inorganic nutrients on the behaviour of adventitious shoots during in vitro multiplication of the pistachio cultivar Mateur were investigated with special reference to the red pigmentation of leaves and shoot vigour. Adventitious shoots were transferred to media containing 7 concentrations of 6 macroelements and 9 microelements (63 media). The data was analysed using Principal Component Analysis to screen the appropriate elements and concentrations for optimal micropropagation. Several of the media eliminated the red pigmentation, particularly those containing low concentrations of the macroelements KCl and KH2PO4 and the microelements H3BO3 and KI. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301241 Record 419 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 460-466; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The use of somatic embryogenesis to overcome problems of red pigmentation and bud necrosis in in vitro propagation of pistachio was investigated. Cotyledons, leaves and apical internodes were cultured in inducing medium supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin. Explants were transferred to a second medium for callus proliferation and embryo maturation. Callogenesis levels were similar for all types of explant but somatic embryogenesis on the inducing medium varied with explant source. Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledons in the presence of 1.0 mg 2,4-D + 1.0 mg kinetin/litre (60%); from leaves in the presence of 2.0 mg 2,4-D + 1.5 mg kinetin/litre (63%); and from internodes in the presence of 5.0 mg 2,4-D + 2.0 mg kinetin/litre (68%). PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301243 Record 420 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Different pruning applications on pistachio and almond. AU: Kuden-A; Ikinci-A; Kuden-AB; Tekin-H; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 477-480; 4 ref. LA: English AB: A pruning experiment was performed in Turkey on pistachio cv. Kirmizi and almond cultivars Nonpareil and 101-9, beginning in 1995. Summer pruning was performed in August on pistachios and in July and August on almonds. Autumn pruning was applied in November on pistachios and in October on almonds. The effects of these treatments on flowering, shoot development, fruit yield and quality were compared with those of winter pruning. Summer pruning caused a 2- to 3-day delay of flowering in Nonpareil and a 3- to 6-day delay in 101-9. Shoot development was best in July-pruned almonds. In pistachios, autumn and winter pruning induced poor shoot development. However, fruit drop was observed on poorly developing one-year-old shoots which resulted in a high rate of fruit set. This self-thinning decreased the rate of alternate bearing and a regular crop was obtained the following year. Additionally, splitting rate and fruit size were increased. Autumn pruning in November caused increased shoot development and a decrease in fruit bud drop. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301246 Record 421 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Sample costs for establishing a pistachio orchard and producing pistachios. AU: Klonsky-K; Livingston-P; Beede-B; Freeman-M; Hendricks-L; Holtz-B; Kallsen-C; Sibbett-S; Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 481-492; 4 ref. LA: English AB: The detailed costs for the establishment of a pistachio orchard in the San Joaquin Valley of California, USA are presented. A hypothetical farm consisting of 100 acres of pistachios was the basis for the study. The practices described are based on production procedures commonly used on well-managed orchards in the area. Costs for labour, materials and equipment are based on current prices. The study is intended as a guide for making production decisions, determining potential returns, preparing budgets and evaluating production loans. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301247 Record 422 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of the most suitable total temperature and harvest time for some pistachio cultivars. AU: Atli-HS; Arpaci-S; Tekin-H; Yaman-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 502-506; 8 ref. LA: English AB: In 1996, the day-degree requirements of 5 pistachio cultivars, grown in Gaziantep, Turkey, were determined in order to calculate the most suitable time for harvesting the nuts. Nut weight, splitting percentage and total fat content were determined at 5 stages during nut development. Optimal harvesting times in day-degrees after full bloom (DD) were 3607 DD for Kirmizi, 3797 DD for Uzun, 4106 DD for Siirt and Ohadi and 4405 DD for Kallahghochi. This meant that September was the best time for harvest for all cultivars except Kallahghochi, which should be harvested in October. Harvesting before the optimum time could result in decreased yield and reduced fat content. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301249 Record 423 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of fruit bud thinning and pruning on alternate bearing and nut quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Boler-K; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 507-509; 2 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruit bud thinning and pruning on biennial bearing and nut quality of the pistachio cultivars Kirmizi and Keten Gomlek was investigated in 2 separate experiments. A 30-year-old commercial orchard was used. Fruit-bud thinning was carried out between 1993-95 when dormant fruit buds were removed from the branches in March to leave 1 or 2 fruit buds on each shoot. The pruning experiment was conducted between 1994 and 1996 when the trees were were topped and hedged with shoots being headed back to 40-50 cm. Thinning improved yield and nut quality. Untreated trees yielded an average of 25 kg compared to an average of 30 kg/tree for the treated trees in 'on' years, with satisfactory yield of 30% of the 'on' year yield being obtained in the 'off' year. Nut size was also larger on treated trees, with a higher proportion of split nuts than on untreated trees. Pruning produced similar effects on yield, nut size and proportion of split nuts as fruit bud thinning. Pruning also affected shoot growth compared to untreated trees; annual shoots were thicker and new shoots emerged from the centre of the canopy. Pruned trees had larger leaves of a darker green colour than unpruned trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301250 Record 424 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Irrigation of pistachio in Italy: ten years of observation. AU: Monastra-F; Avanzato-D; Martelli-S; D'-Ascanio-R; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 516-522; 7 ref. LA: English AB: In Basilicata, Italy an experiment was carried out to determine the long-term effects of various irrigation regimes on cv. Larnaka trees on Pistacia integerrima rootstocks, planted in 1987. The irrigation treatments replaced 75, 50, 25 or 0% of daily evaporation (class A evaporimeter). Growth patterns indicated that irrigation equal to 50% of evaporative demand could support trunk growth equal to that in the fully irrigated treatment. Flower production in irrigated treatments occurred 2 years earlier than in non-irrigated trees. Irrigation also promoted shoot growth, both in the presence and absence of inflorescences. This phenomenon would beneficial in reducing alternate bearing, which is especially strong in non-irrigated plants. Production data demonstrated that irrigation increased fresh and dry kernel yield and had no effect on hull to kernel ratio. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301252 Record 425 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of fall defoliation and spring shading on shoot carbohydrate and growth parameters among individual branches of alternate bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 1, 52-60; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Early autumn (September) defoliation and late spring (early June) shading of "off" and "on" pistachio trees in Winters, California, USA, were used to test 2 hypotheses: (1) that autumn defoliation would reduce carbohydrate storage sufficiently to suppress spring growth and (2) that spring shading would reduce carbohydrate status and increase inflorescence bud abscission. Defoliation suppressed initial leaf area expansion the following spring on current year shoots of "off" but not "on" trees. Suppression of leaf expansion was correlated with the initial low concentration of carbohydrates in organs of individual branches of the tree. Fruiting and artificial shading in June had more dramatic effects on growth parameters than defoliating. Shading "off" trees for 14 days in early June accelerated abscission of inflorescence buds and reduced dry mass of individual leaves, buds, current year and 1-year-old shoots. Shading also reduced the concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) of these organs in "off" and "on" trees. Fruiting suppressed leaf size and leaf dry mass by 20 and 30% among individual branches of undefoliated and defoliated trees, respectively. Low carbohydrate concentrations in individual branches and inflorescence buds following shading were closely correlated with the abscission of inflorescence buds. PT: Journal-article AN: 990301717 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 426 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Photosynthetic characteristics of six pistachio cultivars. AU: Palma-L-de; de-Palma-L SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 45-49; 8 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic photon flux, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency were measured in the female pistachio cultivars Bianca, Kerman, Larnaka and Red Aleppo and the male cultivars Ask and Peter growing in an experimental orchard in Bari, Italy. The 2 male genotypes were characterized by high stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and by high-to-medium net CO2 uptake. The female cultivars Larnaka and Bianca had the highest and the lowest rates of carbon assimilation, respectively (Kerman and Red Aleppo had very similar carbon assimilation rates). Larnaka achieved the best compromise between assimilation and transpiration rates, as indicated by its higher water use efficiency. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990301851 Record 427 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees. AU: Ak-BE SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 57-61; 16 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Three male pistachio trees (cultivar unknown but all trees were similar) growing at Ceylanpinar State Farm in Sanliurfa, Turkey, were sprayed with paclobutrazol at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 ppm when current shoot growth was completed (25 June 1989). Paclobutrazol at or above 500 ppm delayed flowering; the delay increased as the rate increased. Trees sprayed with paclobutrazol at 500 ppm flowered at the same time as the female cultivar Siirt. Percentage pollen germination was highest in controls (85%), and was generally lower from paclobutrazol-treated trees, although the inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol declined as the rate increased. Average shoot length decreased from 10.16 cm in controls to 1.0 cm in trees sprayed with paclobutrazol at 4000 ppm. Pistachios growing in unirrigated conditions suffer from reduced shoot growth due to water deficit and the additional decrease in shoot growth caused by paclobutrazol was considered undesirable. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990301853 Record 428 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Carbohydrate content of inflorescent buds of defruited and fruiting pistachio (Pistacia vera L) branches in relation to biennial bearing. AU: Vemmos-SN SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 1999, 74: 1, 94-100; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Changes in carbohydrate content of inflorescence buds of fruiting and defruited branches of the same tree were measured in 1994 and 1995 in the period before and during bud abscission in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes) to investigate its relationship with inflorescence bud abscission. HPLC was used for soluble sugar analysis, while starch was hydrolysed to glucose enzymatically and the amount of glucose was then determined using the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. The effect of fruits on leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll a and b (Chl (a+b)) in leaves and specific leaf weight (SLW) was also investigated in 1995. Starch concentration was initially similar in buds of fruiting and defruited branches but became greater in buds of defruited branches from early June 1994 (57 days after full bloom (AFB)) and 20 June 1995 (61 dAFB), resulting in higher starch contents. Glucose and fructose concentrations were similar in flower buds throughout the whole period of measurement; inositol and sucrose (the most abundant sugar in flower buds) both became much lower in fruiting branches from early July 1994 (83 dAFB) and mid July 1995 (88 dAFB). The rapid decrease in sucrose concentration coincided with rapid seed growth and the greatest period of bud abscission in fruiting branches. During the same period, total sugar and total carbohydrate concentrations and contents were greater in buds of defruited branches. The presence of fruits increased Chl (a+b) content in leaves while decreasing SLW between 43 and 61 dAFB. During this same period, leaf Pn rates were greater in fruiting shoots than in defruited ones. PT: Journal-article AN: 990301949 Record 429 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Impact of certain factors on dehiscence and production of empty fruits in pistachio Pistacia vera L. OT: Impact de certains facteurs sur la dehiscence et la production des fruits vides chez le pistachier Pistacia vera L. AU: Oukabli-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 67-73; 11 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: Results of studies in Morocco on the effects of cultivar, rootstock and climatic factors (particularly cold) on shell dehiscence are reported. Data on 8 cultivars over 3 years indicated an effect of cultivar and of year on percentage shell dehiscence. Percentage shell dehiscence was highest in cv. Mateur and lowest in cv. Batouri. When shell dehiscence was evaluated over 4 years in cv. Mateur on 11 Pistacia atlantica rootstocks, percentage dehiscence varied between 64 and 84%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302036 Record 430 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. OT: Microgreffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Mliki-A; Ghorbel-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 121-130; 26 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: In in vitro and ex vitro micrografting experiments with pistachio cv. Mateur, the highest success rate (>70%) was obtained when scions were taken from in vitro shoots originating from meristematic apices which had been cultured on Zygotic(Ra-Z) medium containing 1.0 mg BAP [benzyladenine]/litre, 0.2 mg IBA/litre and 0.05 mg NAA/litre. The scions were cleft-grafted on to seedling rootstocks with 0.2-0.3 cm diameter. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302038 Record 431 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Suitability of some selected and fast growing P. atlantica, Desf. types as pistachio nut rootstock. AU: Kafkas-S; Kaska-N SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 185-190; 7 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Seed viability and germination were assessed in seeds of 6 Pistacia atlantica types collected in Southern, Central and Western Anatolia, Turkey, and compared with the control cultivar Ohadi. The percentage of viable seeds was highest in AT-4502 (91.7%) and lowest in AT-70E1 (51.7%), compared with 88.3% in Ohadi. Seeds were scarified with H2SO4, stratified at 4°C for 60 days and/or soaked in 125 ppm GA3 for 48 h. Percentage germination was highest in Ohadi, followed by AT-4502 (78.67% germination, following stratification). Seeds stratified before sowing produced seedlings with the largest stem diameters. Over 90% of the seedlings produced from stratified seeds of Ohadi were ready for budding 6 months after sowing, compared with 84% for AT-4502, 40% for AT-33M1 and 36% for AT-7001. Overall, AT-4502 and AT-7001 are recommended based on germination and growth rates. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302043 Record 432 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of pollens of different Pistacia spp. on the protein and oil content in pistachio nut. AU: Ak-BE; Kaska-N SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 197-201; 11 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Pistachio cultivars Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Bilgen and Vahidi were pollinated with pollen of selected males of P. vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus at Ceylanpinar State Farm, Turkey, in 1989 and 1990. Protein and oil contents were highest in Kirmizi, Bilgen and Vahidi (23.97-24.78% protein and 50.75-54.22% oil); the effects of pollen on protein and oil content were inconclusive. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302045 Record 433 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fruit set and some fruit traits of pistachio cultivars grown under rainfed conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm. AU: Ak-BE SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 217-223; 15 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Data on fruit set, fruit weight, rates of split nuts, rates of blank nuts and rates of filled nuts are tabulated for 25-year-old trees of the pistachio cultivars Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Mumtaz, Vahidi and Mumtaz on Pistacia vera seedling rootstocks growing under non-irrigated conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm, Turkey, in 1992-94. Fruit set was highest in Kirmizi and lowest in Vahidi. Fruit weight was highest in Kirmizi. Siirt had the highest splitting rate (66.49%) and Vahidi the lowest (32.40%). Vahidi had a high percentage of empty fruits but the results varied by year. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302047 Record 434 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Current situation of research into the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). AU: Couceiro-JF; Coronado-JM; Mendiola-MA SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 225-233; 11 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Studies on phenology, propagation and other aspects of pistachio production carried over the last 10 years to determine the possibilities of growing pistachios in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, are described. Over the last 2 years almost 200 ha of Pistacia terebinthus have been sown; the seedlings will be grafted with cultivars Kerman, Napoletana, Peter and 02-18. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302048 Record 435 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Spread of Botryosphaeria dothidea in central California pistachio orchards. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Felts-D; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 582-591; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, caused by B. dothidea, was first reported in California, USA, in 1984 in several orchards in Butte, Glenn, and Tehama Counties of the Sacramento Valley. Botryosphaeria blight, a devastating disease, reduces yields and kills fruiting buds and wood. In 1995 and 1996 a total of 70 commercial pistachio orchards located in the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Valleys were surveyed to determine the spread of Botryosphaeria blight in California. Twenty to 35 blighted shoots, rachises, and leaf petioles that were retained on the trees from the previous year were collected arbitrarily from 6-8 rows in each orchard. The samples were examined with a dissecting microscope for the presence of pycnidia of B. dothidea. B. dothidea was found in 70% (1995) and 52% (1996) of the commercial pistachio orchards surveyed, in 5-100% of the blighted shoots and in 5-90% of the blighted rachises for the various orchards. Other fungi recovered from these samples were species of Phomopsis and Camarosporium, which can also cause shoot blight in pistachios. In addition, in 3 orchards where Botryosphaeria blight was very common, blighted shoots from several wild and cultivated species growing close to these pistachio orchards were sampled. Samples of 8 of the 12 species sampled had pycnidia of B. dothidea. It is suggested that Botryosphaeria blight has become widespread and caused yield losses in many California counties. None of the samples collected from Kern County, where most of the pistachio acreage is located, had any signs of Botryosphaeria. Possible ways by which the disease spreads are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991001035 Record 436 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Factors affecting the development and management of Septoria leaf spot of pistachio in Arizona. AU: Matheron-ME; Call-RE; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 592-595; 8 ref. LA: English AB: In 1964, Septoria leaf spot was detected for the first time in the United States in experimental pistachio plantings at Brownwood, Texas. A moderate level of the same disease, caused by S. pistaciarum, was first observed in 1986 on leaves of pistachio trees in Arizona. In 1988 a survey of the 800 ha of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery and identification of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared every year in Arizona pistachio orchards. The onset and severity of the disease is affected by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Yearly disease management studies conducted since 1992 have shown that as few as 2 applications of chlorothalonil in July and August can virtually prevent disease development. Applications of copper hydroxide or benomyl alone or in combination also effectively arrested disease development. Leaves around nut clusters not receiving fungicide treatments were senescent at crop maturity, while leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with a fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991001036 Record 437 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio nut insect pests and means of control in Greece. AU: Mourikis-PA; Tsourgianni-A; Chitzanidis-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 604-611; 12 ref. LA: English AB: The major and minor insect pests attacking pistachio trees in Greece are described. Capnodis tenebrionis has been observed in roots of non-irrigated trees. On branches and twigs of weakened trees the coleopterans Acrantus vestitus, Estonoborus perrisii [Carphoborus perrisi] and Sinoxylon sexdentatum might be found. On leaves, the leaf folders Archips rosanus and Teleiodes decorella are endemic in some regions. Thaumetopoea solitaria has been reported only once feeding on leaves. Leaf-feeding Coleoptera, mainly Chrysomelidae, are widespread but are of minor importance. Pseudocoeliodes rubricus attacks the inflorescences of male trees only. The psyllid Agonoscena sp. may cause premature defoliation. Idiocerus stali [Sulamicerus stali], when in large populations, causes withering of leaves and blight of young panicles. The most serious pests of pistachios are the microlepidopteran Palumbina guerinii and the seed chalcid Eurytoma plotnikovi. Both attack fruits every year, causing up to 90% infestation. The scale insects Anapulvinaria pistaciae, Saissetia oleae, Ceroplastes rusci, Melanaspis inopinata and Lepidosaphes pistaciae have been observed in small populations. Apomyelois ceratoniae [Ectomyelois ceratoniae] has been found on split fruits remaining on the trees after harvest. This species and Ephestia sp. may infest stored nuts. For most of these pests, sanitation measures are the primary means of control. Annual spray applications are necessary against P. guerinii and E. plotnikovi. Sprays against other pests are applied only in cases of heavy infestations. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991101118 Record 438 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Breeding and genetics of pistachio: the California program. AU: Chao-CT; Parfitt-DE; Ferguson-L; Kallsen-C; Maranto-J; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 152-161; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The programme started with an initial set of 1940 pistachio (Pistacia vera) progenies from 78 crosses. In 1990, an additional 5470 seedlings were produced from 176 controlled crosses. Progeny from each cross were planted at Davis-Winters, Kearney Agricultural Center and near Bakersfield, CA, and evaluated. Flowering date, sex, tree size as measured by trunk cross sectional area, and disease status were collected. Nuts were evaluated for number of nuts per tree, splits, blanks, wet and dry weight, kernel weight and volume. Heritability estimates for nut characters, tree size and Alternaria late blight resistance ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Several parents were identified that apparently provide a high level of resistance to Alternaria. Phytophthora resistance in both scion accessions and rootstock species combinations are being evaluated at KAC and preliminary results suggest that resistance may be simply inherited. Relationships among various nut parameters and the relationship of tree size to flowering and parentage were also investigated. Preliminary data suggests that yields of 9 selections will be significantly larger than that of control cv. Kerman. All of the selections have commercial grade nuts and several have improved size and splits vs. Kerman. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601128 Record 439 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Vigour in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 162-167; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Vigour, measured as trunk diameter, was evaluated in 1336 five-year-old pistachio (Pistacia vera) seedlings, derived from 16 controlled crosses between 7 female and 9 male cultivars made at IRTA-Mas Bove. Mateur X Tunez, Mateur X C and Batoury X C were promising, producing a high percentage of vigorous seedlings. In contrast, progenies of Larnaka X Nazar, Larnaka X M-38, Larnaka X M-502 and SfaxXM-502, showed less vigour. Seedlings derived from Mateur as a female parent were more vigorous than seedlings from Aegina, Ouleimy and Larnaka. C showed promise as a male parent. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601129 Record 440 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Genetic and phenotypic diversity in pistachio (P. vera L.) germplasm collected in Mediterranean countries. AU: Caruso-T; Iannini-C; Barone-E; Marra-FP; Sottile-F; Greco-CI; Sabina-MR; Martelli-G; Monastra-F; Batlle-I; Vargas-F; Romero-M; Ak-BE; Zakynthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Padulosi-S; Laghezali-M; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 168-178; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Some 49 male and 44 female accessions originating in Mediterranean and Central Asian countries, and collected in Italy, Greece, Morocco, Spain and Turkey, were examined for a common set of qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors previously confirmed to be highly discriminatory. The phenotypic data recorded were assessed using cluster analysis. RAPD analysis of DNA extracted from the leaves of 24 accessions (8 male and 16 female cultivars) gathered in a collection located in Sicily was used to produce matrices of dissimilarity and to perform cluster analysis. On the whole, a high degree of polymorphism was detected for both the phenotypic and genetic traits examined. Among the female accessions, cluster analyses did not separate the Mediterranean from the Iranian-Caspian genotypes. DNA analysis together with those from the morphological descriptors increased the level of the accuracy for germplasm identification and improved the reliability of the studies on genetic/phenotypic diversity and relatedness among the tested accessions. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601130 Record 441 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Closed pollination for pistachio rootstock production. AU: Reyes-HC; Metheney-PD; Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 208-210; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Prunus atlantica was used as a pollen donor for a female tree of P. integerrima enclosed by a plastic cover to guarantee controlled pollination. Early estimates indicate fruit set rates as high as 50%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601134 Record 442 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio rootstock breeding by crossing different wild species grown in Turkey. AU: Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 219-225; 3 ref. LA: English AB: During the spring months of 1996, crosses Prunus terebinthus X P. terebinthus, P. terebinthus X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk X P. atlantica and P. khinjuk X P. terebinthus were made in two locations (in the Adana and Siirt provinces of Turkey). Nuts were harvested in August, September and October, 1996. The choice of pollinator did not affect the weights and sizes of the nuts. The highest germination percentages were achieved when P. khinjuk was used as the female parent. When P. atlantica was used as the pollinator and P. khinjuk was used as the female, stems were thinner and short. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601135 Record 443 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Nursery behaviour of pistachio rootstocks. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Clave-J; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 231-236; 14 ref. LA: English AB: At IRTA Mas Bove, a nursery trial was started in 1996 using seeds from 4 Pistacia atlantica (one from Syria and 3 from USA), 3 P. integerrima (SA), 4 P. palaestina (one from Syria, one from USA and 2 from Greece), one P. terebinthus (Spain) and 2 P. vera (cultivars Larnaka and Mateur) clones. P. palaestina from Greece and USA, and P. atlantica and P. integerrima both from USA were interspecific hybrids. Significant and important differences in vigour (trunk diameter and height) between rootstocks were observed at the end of the first growing season. In relation to trunk thickness, which is essential to allow budding, seedlings derived of P. integerrima, P. atlantica and, to a lesser degree, P. palaestina were promising. Seedlings derived from P. terebinthus showed reduced growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601281 Record 444 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Variation in kernel chlorophyll content of different pistachio varieties grown in six countries. AU: Agar-IT; Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 372-377; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content was investigated in 4 Turkish pistachio varieties grown in Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa,Turkey as well as in 36 Iranian pistachio varieties and genotypes grown in Iran, 7 Italian varieties, 2 Tunisian varieties, 1 Greek variety and 1 Syrian variety. Generally, Italian varieties showed the highest chlorophyll a content. Although Ghiandalora had the lowest chlorophyll a content among Italian varieties, its was still higher than that of varieties from other countries. Turkish and Iranian varieties showed an intermediate chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, while Syrian and Greek varieties were lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601286 Record 445 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Lipid characteristics of Turkish and Iranian pistachio kernels. AU: Agar-IT; Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 378-384; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The fat content and fatty acid composition of seeds of 9 Turkish pistachio (Pistacia vera) varieties grown in Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa-Turkey and 36 Iranian pistachio varieties and genotypes grown in Iran were investigated. Oil extraction and fatty acid methyl ester formation were done in a single step and the composition of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. Fat content ranged from 48.55 to 58.50% and 47.65 to 63.31% in Turkish and Iranian varieties, respectively. Palmitic acid ranged from 8.27 to 11.07% in Turkish and 8.40 to 10.87% in Iranian varieties. Palmitoleic acid content was less than 1% in Turkish varieties, and ranged between 0 and 1.46% in Iranian varieties. The stearic acid content of the Turkish pistachio varieties ranged from 0.20 to 2.79% whereas Iranian varieties contained from 0.44 to 1.80%. Oleic acid content ranged from 53.16 to 72.63% in Turkish varieties and from 51.80 to 71.23% in Iranian varieties. Linoleic acid content was between 16.58 and 35.40% in Turkish varieties and between 17.36 and 35.16% in Iranian varieties. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601287 Record 446 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Vigour and juvenile stage in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 105-111; 14 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Observations on vigour (trunk diameter 2, 3 and 4 years after planting) and on existence of a juvenile period (presence of flower buds 4 years after planting) in 1,626 pistachio seedlings from 30 controlled crosses between 9 female and 12 male cultivars were made between 1994 and 1996 at Reus, Spain. Among these 1,626 seedlings, 879 (15 families) were distributed at random in the orchard to compare differences between progenies for some important characteristics. Values of vigour in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th years after planting were highly significantly correlated, enabling selection for this character when trees are very young (2 years old). High vigour was shown by the progenies of Mateur X Tunez and Mateur X C, while low vigour was displayed by the progenies of Larnaka X M-38 and Larnaka X M-502. With regard to parents, seedlings derived from Mateur (female) and C (male) showed the highest vigour, while derivatives of Larnaka (female) showed lower vigour. Considerable differences between families were also observed in relation to the juvenile period. The following progenies produced the largest numbers of flower buds at 4 years after planting: Larnaka X B, Batoury X C, Mateur X C, Kerman X M-11 and Kerman X M-36. Good potential female parents for this character were Kerman, Batoury and Mateur, and promising male parents were B, C, M-502 and Peters. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602275 Record 447 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Characterization of pistachio cultivars using isozymes. AU: Rovira-M; Batlle-I; Romero-M; Vargas-FJ SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 113-120; 14 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Leaf samples of 55 pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars from 13 countries were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to study the variability for 7 isoenzyme systems: aconitase (ACO), esterase (EST), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase [aspartate aminotransferase] (GOT), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD). Polymorphism was observed in five of the isoenzymes (ACO, EST, GPI, PGM and SKD). GPI showed 8 different phenotypes and was the most useful for identification of cultivars. Isoenzyme variation enabled the female cultivars and male genotypes to be classified into 12 and 2 groups, respectively. Two female cultivars (Bianca and Red Jalap) and 4 male genotypes (A, C-Especial, M-P3 and M-P) were identified as being of hybrid origin. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602276 Record 448 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: In vitro organogenesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from leaves of zygote embryos. OT: Organogenese in vitro du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur a partir de feuilles d'embryons zygotiques. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Zemni-H; Ghorbel-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 131-138; 16 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: The first attempts to cultivate pistachio in vitro were mainly made with wild Pistacia, since in vitro culture of P. vera had proved to be rather difficult. Recently, a method of propagating pistachio from cotyledons allowed the recovery of 100 acclimatized plants. Experiments were conducted using leaf explants from in vitro-cultured zygotic embryos in order to increase the number of juvenile explants per seed. Plants produced by leaf organogenesis behaved similarly to those obtained through cotyledon organogenesis. However, such plants were genotypically similar to seedlings and thus would be better as rootstocks. Contrary to cotyledon culture, a great diversity of forms and textures of callus was produced by leaf organogenesis in addition to the plantlets produced, which could be useful for somatic embryogenesis and eventually for isolation of protoplasts. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602277 Record 449 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Current pistachio production and strategies for its development in China. AU: Lu-BingShe; Dong-Yuan; Bai-ZhiYing; Lu-BS; Dong-Y; Bai-ZY SO: Journal-of-Fruit-Science. 1998, 15: 3, 252-255; 13 ref. LA: Chinese LS: English AB: The origin and distribution of pistachio in China, as well as current production and problems in breeding are discussed. Proposed strategies for increasing its production are: import of promising foreign cultivars to enrich China's resources; breeding of new cultivars; expansion of research and selection of suitable new production areas; and use of the experiences of other countries in pistachio production. PT: Journal-article AN: 991602327 Record 450 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of thidiazuron on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio embryos. AU: Vatanpour-A; Villiers-TA; Davey-MR (ed.); Alderson-PG (ed.); Lowe-KC (ed.); Power-JB SO: Tree-biotechnology:-towards-the-millennium. 1998, 155-161; 20 ref. PB: Nottingham University Press; Nottingham; UK LA: English AB: The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio (Pistacia vera) embryos cultured in vitro was investigated. Sterile seeds were germinated on semi-solid MS medium in the dark. After germination the embryos were excised and dissected to produce explants from different parts such as embryo axes (epicotyl, hypocotyl), radicle and cotyledons. The explants were cultured in the dark and in the light, on MS medium with MS vitamins supplemented with 0.01, 0.02, 0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 1.1 or 2.2 mg TDZ/litre. Callus was produced 5-6 days after culture initiation, and after 10 days shoots or pale green, leaf-like organs appeared on the embryo axes, most often from the cotyledonary node. They were also produced from the proximal end of cotyledon petioles, either isolated or when attached to the axis but not from the cotyledon itself. After 15 days small leaf-like organs and shoots became prominent on these explants but never from excised cotyledons without their petioles, or from root explants. Shoot regeneration increased with increasing TDZ concentration up to 0.11 mg/litre, but higher concentrations produced a decrease in shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon petioles was observed only at 0.22 mg/litre TDZ. Shoot initiation was always less when the embryos were cultured in the dark. The callus produced from embryo axes and cotyledon petioles was of good quality, while that from separated cotyledons was compact and hard. PT: Book-chapter IB: 1-897676-68-9 AN: 991602743 Record 451 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Use of growth regulators for adventitious shoot regeneration and plant propagation from mature cotyledons of pistachio (Pistacia vera). AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Mliki-A; Zemni-H; Ghorbel-A; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 263-269; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The cotyledons of the pistachio cultivar Mateur were cultured on 69 media with different combinations of growth regulators (BA, IBA and NAA). The best combinations for adventitious shoot regeneration were 1.5:1.0:1.0 and 1.5:2.0:0.5 mg/litre (BA:IBA:NAA), which produced 75 and 67% shoots (without callogenesis or rhizogenesis), respectively. These shoots were easily rooted and acclimatized. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 980311340 Record 452 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Embryo rescue on abortive pistachio seeds. AU: Buyukalaca-S; Gulen-H; Tanriver-E; Kaska-N; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 307-308; 4 ref. LA: English AB: A study was carried out to determine the best culture medium for germination of pistachio embryos. Abortive pistachio seeds received from Kerman, Iran, were the source of the embryos. Embryos were germinated on the following 3 media: solid, growth regulator-free MS medium; solid, growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium without sucrose; and liquid growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium without sucrose. Germination occurred on all media. After 4 weeks, all germinated seedlings were subcultured onto the same media. The best shoot and root formation was achieved with the liquid half-strength MS medium. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 980311346 Record 453 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing affects nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and starch storage pools in mature pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH SO: Annals-of-Botany. 1998, 82: 4, 463-470; 42 ref. LA: English AB: Off-year and on-year mature (20-year-old) pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees on P. atlantica rootstock were excavated from a commercial orchard at Madera, California, USA, on 24 May (end of spring flush), 10 December (tree dormancy) and 8 September (end of nut fill) [years not given] for analysis of nutrient concentrations and starch content in various plant parts. Functional storage of nutrients was determined as the difference in nutrient content of perennial tree parts between dormancy (highest nutrient content) and the period following spring flush (lowest nutrient content). Heavy cropping (on-year trees) significantly reduced functional storage of N, P and K and tree nutrient contents compared to light cropping (off-year trees). Nutrients stored during the off year were used for reproductive growth in the following year. Two processes contributing to nutrient storage pools were leaf nutrient resorption and soil nutrient uptake. Nutrient uptake from the soil was proportionally more important in off-year trees, while leaf nutrient resorption was more important in on-year trees. On- and off-year trees stored nutrients in their roots and canopy branches, but trees depleted shoot reserves prior to root reserves. PT: Journal-article AN: 980313798 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/anbo.1998.0696 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/anbo.1998.0696 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0305-7364%28000000%2982%3A4%3C463%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 454 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Descriptors of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). OT: Descripteurs du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.). CA: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. SO: 1997, iv + 53 pp.; 15 ref. PB: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI); Rome; Italy LA: French LS: English AB: This publication, in the standard IPGRI format, provides for Pistacia vera descriptor definitions, a passport of accession and collection data descriptors, orchard management descriptors, characterization descriptors, environment and site descriptors, and evaluation descriptors with regard to plant morphology, abiotic and biotic stresses, biochemical and molecular markers, cytological characters and identified genes. PT: Book IB: 92-9043-333-7 AN: 981614860 Record 455 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen effects on fruit and seed characteristics in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Hormaza-JI; Herrero-M SO: Annals-of-Applied-Biology. 1998, 132: 2, 357-364; 28 ref. LA: English AB: The agronomic profitability of nut production in pistachio (P. vera) is affected by the production of empty nuts, the small size and dry weight of the edible kernel, and the low percentage of endocarp dehiscence. The cultivar White Batoury was used as the female parent, and was pollinated with pollen from P. atlantica and 6 different P. vera genotypes in Spain. The effects on several fruit, nut and embryo characters were investigated. Possible xenic and/or metaxenic effects were studied. The use of P. atlantica pollen affected some traits. There were no clear differences when pollen from the different P. vera genotypes were used. It is suggested that at the intraspecific level, the main limitations to pistachio fruit production are not pollen factors. PT: Journal-article AN: 980308856 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 456 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Tzoutzoukou-CG; Pontikis-CA; Tolia-Marioli-A SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 1998, 73: 4, 517-526; 21 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) at concentrations of 2500, 5000, 10 000, 20 000 or 40 000 mg litre-1 on two application dates, 15 December and 15 January, to dormant buds in situ on pistachio cv. Aegenes trees were examined over a period of two years near Athens. Gibberellic acid considerably advanced flower budbreak, increased bud respiration rates, leaf area and shoot length, decreased the dry weight per nut but did not affect flower bud abscission or the percentage of split nuts. The results indicated that the effectiveness of GA3 in advancing flowering of female pistachio was dependent on the time of application and the chilling units accumulated by the trees by that time. Advance of flowering was related to GA3 concentrations. It was also found that respiration rate increased rapidly before the onset of budbreak. PT: Journal-article AN: 980308983 Record 457 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fatty acid oxidation of pistachio nuts stored under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. AU: Maskan-M; Karatas-S SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture. 1998, 77: 3, 334-340; 47 ref. LA: English AB: The fatty acid composition and stability of whole-split pistachio nuts were investigated at ambient conditions, under air and 98% CO2 at monolayer moisture content, and under different storage temperatures. High stability occurred under CO2 storage, particularly at 10°C. The Arrhenius model was used to establish that storage under CO2 was more temperature sensitive. Depending on storage conditions, a 18.24-72.05% reduction of linolenic acid, and a 2.15-20.16% reduction of linoleic acid occurred. Rate constants of fatty acid oxidation at 3 temperatures and ambient conditions, and Ea for various storage systems, were estimated. Peroxide values and free fatty acid contents of pistachio nuts were also determined as indicators of product storage stability. Least product oxidation and hydrolysis occurred at or near the monolayer moisture content and under CO2 storage. PT: Journal-article AN: 980309499 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 458 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Success with in vitro multiplication and rooting of the pistachio nut. AU: Olivier-JJ SO: Neltropika-Bulletin. 1998, No. 299, 30-31. LA: English LS: Afrikaans AB: Progress made by the Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, South Africa, in developing rooting and in vitro multiplication protocols for pistachio rootstock production is summarized. Pistachio rootstock is currently being multiplied at a satisfactory rate (number of plants can be doubled every 2 weeks), but variation exists in the response of explants to identical culture conditions and problems with excessive dieback have been observed. Ex vitro rooting of pistachio plants has been expensive and labour intensive. PT: Journal-article AN: 980309818 Record 459 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio propagation. OT: La multiplication du pistachier. AU: Aleta-N; Ninot-A; Rouskas-D; Zakinthinos-G; Avanzato-D; Gaspar-AM SO: Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-B,-Etudes-et-Recherches. 1997, No. 16, 121-132; 23 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: The propagation of Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus and P. vera rootstocks from seeds or softwood cuttings was studied. Seed stratification in moist and cool environments (2-4°C) for 30 days, before germination at 20°C, improved the germination and decreased the number of days for seeds to germinate for all species studied. P. atlantica, P. integerrima and P. vera could be propagated from softwood cuttings collected from etiolated mother trees and rooted under fog. P. atlantica and P. palestina propagated in this way were suitable for producing grafted containerized plants. However, graft take was very low with P. vera and plant quality was unacceptable. The best grafting results were obtained (in nursery beds and in containers) by chip budding in May-June using dormant buds from budsticks kept under refrigeration. PT: Journal-article AN: 980310701 Record 460 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Foliar and fruit diseases of pistachio and their control in California. AU: Michailides-TJ SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1997, No. 6, 24-29; 19 ref. LA: English AB: Diseases affecting pistachios in California, USA, are described. These include the 3 major blossom, foliar and fruit diseases: Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by B. dothidea, Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata and Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by B. cinerea. Minor foliar and fruit diseases that have not caused serious problems include: Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by S. sclerotiorum, Phomopsis shoot blight, powdery mildew, Septoria fruit spot caused by S. pistaciae, kernel rot (stigmatomycosis) caused by the yeasts Nematospora coryli and Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus fruit blights caused by A. niger and other Aspergillus spp. The symptoms, life cycles, epidemiology and control of these diseases are discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 981005554 Record 461 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea basal canker of pistachio trees in South Africa. AU: Swart-WJ; Blodgett-JT SO: Plant-Disease. 1998, 82: 8, 960; 1 ref. LA: English AB: In 1998, B. dothidea was identified as the causal agent of diseased Pistacia atlantica and P. integerrima rootstocks in Prieska, Northern Cape province, South Africa. Plants developed basal cankers and discoloured phloem and xylem. PT: Journal-article AN: 981006888 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 462 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: An environment-friendly technology for pistachio psyllid control in Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1997, 15: 2, 57-63; 3 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Pistachio psyllid Agonoscena targionii is the most important pest of pistachios in Syria. Many chemical compounds applied to control this pest resulted in insect resistance. Non-chemical methods to reduce the populations of this pest were examined. Trials were conducted in two regions in Syria during 1994-1995 with a combination of impaction and sticky coloured traps. Results showed that the adults of A. targionii were more attracted to the fluorescent-yellow sticky traps than to the others. Placing 25 cm wide fluorescent-yellow sticky traps around the upper part of tree stems during the first week of March, and before insects emergence from winter hibernation, permitted trapping large numbers (up to 200 insects/tree) of this pest. Rarely insects were trapped on 15 cm wide fluorescent-yellow sticky traps placed around the main branches of the tree, or on the fluorescent-yellow plastic sticky traps (Repell traps) hanged on the tree branches. PT: Journal-article AN: 981108294 Record 463 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Characteristics of selected pistachio cultivars in Iran. AU: Sheibani-A; Azghandi-A; Esmailpour-A; Rohani-N; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 125-128; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Ten-year-old trees of 27 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars from the Rafsanjan Pistachio Gene Bank were evaluated over 4 years in Rafsanjan. Data are tabulated on date of flowering and harvesting, nut quality and yield. The 10 best cultivars, based on highest yields of fresh and dried nuts (3000-6000 g/tree), suitable kernel weight and high splitting percentage, were identified. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 981612772 Record 464 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from roasted pistachio nuts. AU: Palazoglu-TK; Balaban-MO SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1998, 41: 3, 679-684; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO2(SC-CO2) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6, and 34.5 MPa and temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C with ethanol (0, 5, and 10 wt%) as entrainer. The highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60°C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data was analysed by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature did not affect the extraction yield. Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concentration had a curvilinear effect. The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO2 at 34.5 MPa and 60°C was 5 times higher in for 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO2 alone (0.27 wt%). The difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavor intensity following SC-CO2 extraction. PT: Journal-article AN: 982402736 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 465 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effects of amino acid chelate leaf fertilizers on the yield, quality and shoot development of Kirmizi cultivar pistachio. OT: Aminoasit kleyti yaprak gubresi uygulamalarinin Kirmizi antepfistigi cesidinde meyve verim ve kalitesi ile surgun gelisimi uzerine etkileri. AU: Okay-Y; Erdogan-V; Kuru-C; Aktas-M; Ayfer-M SO: Anadolu. 1997, 7: 2, 109-120; 12 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: The effect of a foliar applied fertilizer (containing amino acids) on the growth and yield of pistachios cv. Kirmizi was investigated. Fertilizer application increased the mineral content of leaves, especially Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn, and influenced fruit quality (size, proportion of split shells, number of fruits/bud and profit). PT: Journal-article AN: 980304074 Record 466 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The response of pistachio trees to water stress as affected by two different rootstocks. AU: Germana-C; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, 513-519; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The response of 12-year-old pistachios (cv. Nostrale), grafted on Pistacia terebinthus or P. atlantica rootstocks, to water stress was investigated in Italy. The main processes and parameters observed included net photosynthetic activity, transpiration rate, water xylem potential, stomatal conductance and the temperature difference between canopies and the surrounding atmosphere. Environmental conditions such as vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation were also monitored. Results showed a surprising response to water stress, since xylem potential never fell below -0.5 MPa even in unirrigated plants under the most demanding conditions, while photosynthesis and transpiration rates were little affected by water stress. Temperature differences between irrigated and stressed plants remained negative (leaves were cooler than atmosphere) for all P. atlantica rootstocks, whereas they were almost constantly positive for P. terebinthus rootstocks. P. atlantica had more intense transpiration and net photosynthetic activities, particularly in water-stressed plants, compared with P. terebinthus. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 980304563 Record 467 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First observations on physiological effects of irrigation in pistachio. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; Monastra-F; De-Palma-L; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, 545-550; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of different amounts of irrigation water supply on net CO2 assimilation and related parameters were studied in pistachio cv. Larnaka in Southern Italy. Four seasonal irrigation volumes restoring 0, 25, 50 or 75% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration; 0, 1500, 3000 or 4500 m3 water/ha, respectively) were applied by drip [trickle] irrigation. All ecophysiological parameters were influenced by irrigation level. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were influenced by irrigation level; they were significantly lower in nonirrigated trees. No differences were found among irrigated trees. Restoration of 50% ETc appeared to match the best results for net CO2 uptake per leaf area unit and per whole leaf, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. No differences were found concerning the vegetative traits of shoots or the transpiration rate per whole leaf at different irrigation levels. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 980304568 Record 468 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Etiological study of dieback and canker of pistachio nut tree in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan-SM; Abusaidi-D; Ershad-D SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1997, 33: 1-2, 15-26 (Pe), 5-6 (En); 10 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: During 1994-1995, the distribution and incidence of pistachio dieback and canker was studied in different pistachio (Pistacia vera) orchards in Rafsanjan and Sirjan, Iran. Disease incidence varied from 0 to 85%. Dark brown longitudinal streaks formed on branches 3-4 cm in diameter or thicker. The infected areas were somewhat sunken and the brown discoloration of the bark extended deeply into the wood, resulting in death of branches. Paecilomyces variotii, Cytospora sp., Coniothyrium sp., Ulocladium atrum and Acremonium kiliense were isolated from discoloured tissues. P. varioti and Cytospora sp. were isolated the most frequently. Inoculation of the isolated fungi to detached twigs, 1 and 3-year-old pistachio seedling shoots in the greenhouse and pistachio shoots of old trees in the field with and without wounding could not reproduce field symptoms. It is concluded that, the isolated fungi are not involved in the dieback and canker in pistachio trees in the area. PT: Journal-article AN: 981003516 Record 469 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Buried drip irrigation reduces Alternaria late blight in pistachio. AU: Goldhamer-DA; Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, I, 335-340; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata), a fungal disease associated with high orchard humidity, threatens large pistachio production areas of California, USA. This disease affects both leaves and nuts. Lower marketable yields due to reduced shell splitting and shell staining are the usual consequences of the disease. This problem is most severe in flood irrigated (FI) orchards with infiltration problems and no chemical control method is currently available. It was proposed that changing orchard atmospheric conditions by reducing surface wetting could lessen A. alternata damage. The effects of buried drip (BDI) and FI on A. alternata of pistachio were compared in a 32 ha mature pistachio orchard (Kerman on P. Integerrima) for 2 seasons during 1994-95. BDI resulted in shorter periods of dew formation per day, lower relative humidities and higher temperatures. This, in turn, reduced the incidence and severity of leaf infection by A. alternata. For instance, c. 10 and 55% of the leaves in the BDI and FI, respectively, were infected at harvest. Furthermore, BDI reduced the incidence of infected fruit by half. The levels of A. alternata (and other filamentous fungi and yeasts) spore inoculum on leaves and fruits were not affected by the irrigation or the incipient infections by A. alternata on pistachio leaves. Disease differences can be explained by differences in atmospheric parameters associated with the 2 irrigation systems. BDI had somewhat lower (not statistically significant) gross yields by significantly more shell splitting. This resulted in higher yields of marketable product (edible split nuts). In both irrigation systems, higher fruit load on shoots predisposed leaves to infection by A. alternata. It is concluded that control of Alternaria late blight in FI pistachio orchards can be successfully accomplished by converting to BDI. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 981004474 Record 470 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Phenology of Melanaspis inopinata on pistachio trees in Greece. AU: Katsoyannos-P; Stathas-GJ SO: Phytoparasitica. 1997, 25: 4, 331-332; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Observations on the phenology of Melanaspis inopinata, which is viviparous, were carried out at Avlon, Attica, in central Greece, during 1990-92. M. inopinata developed one annual generation on pistachio. Females overwintered as infertile adults. Reproductive activity began in late April or the first half of May. The first adult males appeared in late June or early July. Melanization of the body of immature females was first observed in early September and all females were melanized by early November. Ovulation was first observed in mid- or late March. An average of 79 ± 16 eggs/female was found in dissections at a late stage of ovulation prior to the onset of viviparous activity. PT: Journal-article AN: 981103598 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 471 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Oil composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) from Turkey. AU: Yildiz-M; Gurcan-ST; Ozdemir-M SO: Fett-Lipid. 1998, 100: 3, 84-86; 18 ref. LA: English LS: German AB: The oil content, fatty acid and sterol compositions and other parameters of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) samples, corresponding to 5 different varieties cultivated in Turkey, were determined. Mean values were 59.69±1.80% for fat content, 0.9143±0.006 for specific gravity of the oil, 1.4693±0.004 for refractive index, 94.23±1.510 for I value and 188.2±3.80 for saponification value. Fatty acids identified in the oil samples were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids with oleic acid being the dominant fatty acid (68.78±2.05%). Halebi variety had the highest concentration of oleic acid among the varieties studied. The sterols isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction were campesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and DELTA5-avenasterol with beta-sitosterol being the major constituent (84.95±2.80%). Higher concentrations of beta-sitosterol were found in Kirmuzi variety. Fat content, I value, palmitic acid and oleic acid content differed significantly between varieties. PT: Journal-article AN: 981410203 Record 472 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of pistachio varieties adapted to the northern Mediterranean region. OT: Selection de varietes de pistachier adaptees a l'aire nord mediterraneenne. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Monastra-F; Gaspar-AM; Rouskas-D SO: Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-B,-Etudes-et-Recherches. 1997, No. 16, 93-119; 26 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: Data are tabulated on agronomic characteristics of 66 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars (39 female and 27 male) from 11 countries evaluated during 1991-95 in Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy. Important agronomic and commercial traits studied included: flowering time, vigour, juvenile phase, productivity and nut quality (weight, shelling percentage, shell dehiscence, size and shape). Large differences between cultivars were observed for all the characteristics studied. Female cultivars Mateur, Larnaka and Aegina, and pollinators B, C, M502 and Peters were noted as having good potential for further utilization in European breeding programmes. PT: Journal-article AN: 981604403 Record 473 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae) germplasm based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. AU: Hormaza-JI; Pinney-K; Polito-VS SO: Economic-Botany. 1998, 52: 1, 78-87; 19 ref. LA: English LS: Spanish AB: RAPD markers were used to examine patterns of relatedness among 29 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars and accessions. These included 13 cultivars previously described, and an additional 16 items from the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Davis comprising cultivars and landraces and materials from wild P. vera stands in or near the putative centre of origin for pistachio in south-central Asia. The results show high levels of polymorphism in the species emphasizing the importance of preservation of the remaining wild stands of P. vera. Analyses support the concept that cultivars in use west of the Zagros-Caucasus ranges are likely to originate from a limited germplasm base. The newly examined cultivated material shows greater generic diversity, consistent with the hypothesis that pistachio cultivation originated in or near south-central Asia. Results also indicate that for at least two cases, material identified differently in two collections are the same clones, thus illustrating the value of molecular marker techniques in describing and maintaining germplasm collections for clonally propagated species. PT: Journal-article AN: 981607309 Record 474 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using gray-level histogram. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Wulfsohn-D; Irudayaraj-J SO: Canadian-Agricultural-Engineering. 1998, 40: 1, 61-66; 21 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: A machine vision system was used to classify unshelled pistachio nuts based on United States Department of Agriculture grades. The gray-level histogram data obtained from the gray scale image of the nuts were analysed to select a set of suitable recognition features. Based on the analyses, the mean of the gray-level histogram over 50-60 gray-level range and the area of each nut (the integral of its gray-level histogram) were selected as the recognition features. The selected features were used as input to 3 classification schemes: a Gaussian, a decision tree, and a multi-layer neural network (MLNN). The 3 classifiers had similar recognition rates. However, the MLNN classifier resulted in slightly higher performance with more uniform classification accuracy than the other two classifiers. PT: Journal-article AN: 982401782 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 475 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Seasonal changes in total nonstructural carbohydrates within branches and roots of naturally "off" and "on" 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 6, 856-862; 52 ref. LA: English AB: The dynamics of carbohydrate use, as revealed by soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary scaffold branches and roots (_10 mm diameter), were investigated in alternate-bearing pistachio cv. Kerman trees that were in their natural bearing cycles, in California, USA, during 1991-92. Two hypotheses were tested. Firstly, that carbohydrate concentration is greater early in the growing season in organs from heavily cropping ("on") than from light cropping ("off") trees. This was confirmed by comparing the above criteria in "on" and "off" trees. Secondly, the hypothesis that carbohydrate concentration remains high in "on" tree organs as the first inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurs early in the growing season, was tested and confirmed. Soluble sugars and starch remained high in "on" trees throughout full bloom (FB + 60 days) as inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurred. In the persisting "on" tree inflorescence buds, sharp decreases in soluble sugars and starch occurred by the final sample date when "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 13 times more soluble sugars and starch than "on" tree buds. At that time, "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 50% more dry mass than "on" tree inflorescence buds. As nut growth occurred, soluble sugars and starch decreased in "on" trees after FB + 60 in all organs. During the same time period, organs of "off" trees began to accumulate greater concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and exceeded concentrations measured in organs of "on" trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 980300447 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 476 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: An improved method for embling production in pistachio, Pistacia vera L. using somatic embryos matured in a liquid medium. AU: Onay-A; Firat-MZ; Namli-O SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Biology. 1997, 21: 2, 159-174; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Benzyladenine (BA), racemic (±) abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose were tested for their ability to affect the maturation, germination and embling development of pistachio somatic embryos. The number of matured somatic embryos was influenced by concentrations of BA, ABA and sucrose in the liquid maturation medium. The maturation of somatic embryos was best in liquid MS media with low concentrations (0.5 mg/litre) of ABA or BA and 2 or 4% sucrose, or in media with no plant growth regulators and 6% sucrose. The duration of the maturation treatment, the duration of the culture for germination and embling development, and the concentrations of ABA and BA during germination and embling development had significant effects on maturation. Germination probabilities varied from 0.59 to 0.33 and 0.50 to 0.26 with BA and ABA, respectively. The frequency of germination was highest (0.62) with the plant-growth regulator-free control treatment and lowest (0.26) with 2 mg ABA/litre. Under the same germination conditions, embling development probabilities varied from 0.45 to 0.27 and 0.24 to 0.13 with BA and ABA, respectively. The frequency of developed emblings was highest (0.52) in the control treatments and lowest (0.13) with 2 mg ABA/litre. PT: Journal-article AN: 980301475 Record 477 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Fusarium semitectum on pistachio nut: pathogenic and morphological characteristics. OT: Fusarium semitectum su pistacchio: caratteri patogenetici e morfologici. AU: Nalli-R; Balmas-V SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1997, 47: 7-8, 16-18; 14 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: F. semitectum [F. pallidoroseum] is reported for the first time as the causal agent of canker and wilt of pistachio. The pathogenicity of a monosporic isolate of the fungus was confirmed by artificial inoculation. A morphological study of the fungus was carried out in vitro. PT: Journal-article AN: 981002958 Record 478 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effect of pistachio culls [hulls], added into diets, on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients in sheep. OT: Besi rasyonlarina katilan antepfistigi artiklarinin ruminal fermentasyon ve ham besin maddelerinin sindirilme derecesine etkisi. AU: Sahin-K; Cerci-IH; Guler-T SO: Veteriner-Bilimleri-Dergisi. 1996, 12: 1, 103-108; 20 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: A total of 6 young sheep were fed on diets with an 80:20% ratio of concentrate to roughage. Roughage was 100% hay (control), 70% hay and 30% pistachio (Pistacia vera) culls [hulls] or 50% hay and 50% pistachio hulls. There were no significant differences between groups in pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen fluid taken 1 and 4 h after feeding. Nutrient digestibility was similar for all groups. PT: Journal-article AN: 981400933 Record 479 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using Fourier descriptors. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A; Romaniuk-M SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-Engineering-Research. 1997, 68: 3, 247-252; 21 ref. LA: English AB: Silhouette (2-dimensional) images of individual nuts were captured using the developed machine vision system and Fourier descriptors (shape recognition features) were used to grade pistachio nuts into four sets (unsplit and USDA grades: extra large, large, and medium). The feature selection procedure applied to the first 15 Fourier descriptors indicated that 7 harmonics were sufficient to separate split nuts from unsplit nuts. Of the 7 selected Fourier descriptors, 5 were from the higher order harmonics containing microscopic information more suitable for separating unsplit from split nuts. An average classification accuracy of 87.1% was obtained for the 4 grades and a decision-tree classifier. Multilayer neural network analysis was able to successfully classify 94.8% from the same input parameters, indicating the superiority of the technique. PT: Journal-article AN: 982400587 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0021-8634%28000000%2968%3A3%3C247%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 480 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Macronutrient allocation to leaves and fruit of mature, alternate-bearing pistachio trees: magnitude and seasonal patterns at the whole-canopy level. AU: Picchioni-GA; Brown-PH; Weinbaum-SA; Muraoka-TT SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 2, 267-274; 49 ref. LA: English AB: Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in 6 (3 heavily cropping, on-year and 3 non-cropping, off-year) mature pistachio cv. Kerman trees in California, USA, over 3 growing seasons during 3 stages of phenology (the spring growth flush (April-June); seed fill (late June-September); and leaf senescence (September-November)). Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruits), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruits, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruits) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year than off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by net decreases in the N and P contents of the pericarp, equivalent to 32 and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P and K during the spring flush of "on" years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P and K contents per tree. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following "off" years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. In contrast, net leaf resorption of Ca and Mg was greater in on-year than off-year trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 970309085 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 481 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The Heteroptera of the pistachio. OT: Gli Eterotteria del pistacchio. AU: Liotta-G; Emma-E SO: Phytophaga-Palermo. 1995, 6: 143-161; 45 ref. LA: Italian LS: English PT: Journal-article AN: 971109555 Record 482 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: Janis-W; Mohn-I SO: World-Horticultural-Trade-and-US-Export-Opportunities. 1997, No. 10, 20-22. LA: English AB: US pistachio production in 1997/98 is forecast at a record 80 300 metric tons. US pistachio exports (in-shell equivalent) in 1997/98 are also forecast at a record 55 000 tons, 39% about the previous year's shipments. A possible sharp decrease in the Iranian pistachio harvest and likely reduced Iranian exports, combined with the current European Union ban on pistachio imports from Iran, should increase US export opportunities. Major US export markets include Hong Kong and the European Union. Production and export forecasts are given for Greece, Italy, Syria and Turkey. PT: Journal-article AN: 971811234 Record 483 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Grading pistachio nuts using a neural network approach. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 6, 2319-2324; ASAE Paper No. 94-6579; 17 ref. LA: English AB: A multi-structure neural network (MSNN) classifier was proposed and applied to classify pistachio nuts into 4 classes based on cultivars (Kaleghochi, Akbari, Ohadi and unsplit Ohadi). The MSNN classifier consisted of 4 parallel discriminators (one per class), followed by a maximum selector. Each discriminator was a feed-forward neural network with 2 hidden layers and a single-neuron output layer. The discriminators were individually trained using physical attributes of nuts, extracted from their images as input. The performance of MSNN classifier was compared with that of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLNN) classifier. The classification accuracy of the MSNN classifier averaged 95.9% (range 93.3-97.3% for the classes), compared with 87.0 (81.3-92.0)% for the MLNN. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401963 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 484 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Processing pistachio grading samples. AU: Rumsey-TR; Thompson-JF; Knutson-JD SO: ASAE Annual International Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 10-14 August, 1997. Paper -American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers. 1997, No. 976047, 18 pp.; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: Field tests were conducted to determine the effect of sample hullers and driers on sample grade. Laboratory tests were performed to find the accuracy and repeatability of 3 moisture meters for unshelled pistachios. Operation of the sample huller can influence sample grade, especially over short periods. The amount of adhering hull decreases with increasing hulling times. If samples are held too long in the huller, weight loss may occur due to mechanical damage. Samples held for 180 seconds weighed less than those held for 60 s due to a combination of hull loss and grinding of the whole nuts. Variation of air flow rate for the drier does not affect sample grade. Similar results were found for air temperature in pistachio nut driers. Moisture meter repeatability was similar for all 3 meters tested. Because of the variability between readings for the same sample, it is recommended that sample moistures be calculated as the average of at least 3 consecutive readings. The Aqua Measure and Steinlite displayed a similar degree of accuracy when calibrated with the same standard oven method (forced air oven for 72 hours at 212°F (115°C)). The Dickey-John tended to read higher than the oven method, and this should be corrected by recalibration. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 972402617 Record 485 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Management of pistachio nut rust under dry temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh. AU: Bhardwaj-LN SO: Plant-Disease-Research. 1996, 11: 2, 184-185; 6 ref. LA: English AB: All the 7 fungicides tested in field trials were effective against Pileolaria terebinthi on pistachio. Mancozeb at 0.25% and triadimefon at 0.05% are recommended for control of the fungus under dry temperate conditions. Captafol at 0.25% was the least effective. PT: Journal-article AN: 971005435 Record 486 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Maintaining quality of bulk-handled, unhulled pistachio nuts. AU: Thompson-JF; Rumsey-TR; Spinoglio-M SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 1997, 13: 1, 65-70; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Growers and processors are concerned that the unhulled nuts may heat more in the increasingly large bulks that they are transported in, thus staining and losing value. Laboratory studies revealed that staining of pistachio nut shells increases with increasing temperature and increasing holding times. Unhulled pistachio nuts varied in their susceptibility to staining. Some nuts can be held for more than 32 h at 40°C without increases in shell staining, others are damaged after only 16 h. Unhulled pistachio nuts were shipped to the processor in solid-sided bulk trailers with no average increase in shell staining. Nuts can cool in highway transport, particularly if they are shipped in pallet bins, mesh-sided trailers, or solid sided trailers with vent pipes. Highway transport can be a method of cooling nuts if processing equipment breakdowns cause hulling delays. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401634 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir 487 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Classification of pistachio nuts using a string matching technique. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 3, 1197-1202; 25 ref. LA: English AB: A modified cyclic string matching algorithm was developed and applied to classify 4 classes of pistachio nuts, based on their 2-dimensional shapes. With this technique, a pistachio nut was represented by a string consisting of N equally spaced (angularly) radii extending from the centre of the image to its edge. An algorithm was also developed for determining a prototype for each class. The recognition algorithm, based on a string matching technique, calculated the cumulative distance between an unknown and a class prototype. The class of the unknown was determined by the minimum-distance classification rule. The developed algorithm gave an overall accuracy of 90%. This procedure could be extended to classify other agricultural materials. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401681 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 488 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision detection of early split pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 3, 1203-1207; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Computer vision was used to detect early split lesions on the hull of pistachio nuts. Gray scale intensity profiles were computed across the width of the nut (perpendicular to the suture along the longitudinal axis). If the profile crossed an early split lesion, a deep and narrow valley on the profile at the early split location was observed. Profiles were computed every 0.5 mm along the longitudinal axis of the nut and the number of adjacent profiles with deep and narrow valleys was recorded. Early split nuts contained a significantly higher count of these adjacent profiles than normal nuts. Combining unhulled nut cross-sectional area with the adjacent profile data, 100% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts were correctly classified out of a total of 180 nuts tested. Two devices were developed to convey and orient unhulled pistachio nuts for presentation to a computer vision system. One device, which operated similarly to an "air hockey" table, correctly oriented 98% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts. The other device, which used vibration to convey and orient the nut in a "V" trough, correctly oriented 97% of the early split nuts and 98% of the normal nuts. A total sample size of 270 nuts was used to test each orientation device. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401682 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 489 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Nitrogen reallocation during female bud abscission in alternate bearing of pistachio. AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Advances-in-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 10: 4, 219-225; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Alternate bearing in the pistachio occurs by abscission of female inflorescences (next year's crop) on shoots bearing the current year's heavy crop. Studies at Davis, California, on pistachio cv. Kerman showed that reallocation of nitrogenous compounds from abscising buds to developing kernels is dependent initially on the availability of N from the rootstock, and starts with the rapid growth of the kernel as a major sink for soluble N. Nitrogen trafficking patterns for abscission over the 5-6 weeks explain how nutrient supply, rich in proline and asparagine N, interacts with environmental conditions and plant growth regulators to predispose plants to alternate bearing. PT: Journal-article AN: 970302985 Record 490 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Leaf development, dry matter accumulation, and distribution within branches of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 1, 31-37; 48 ref. LA: English AB: The development of leaf area (LA) and the distribution of dry matter within branches of 25-year-old, alternate-bearing Kerman pistachio trees that were in their natural "on" (heavy) or "off" (light) bearing cycles were investigated between 1990 and 1992 at an experimental orchard in California to determine the immediate and delayed effects of fruiting on shoot growth. Compared with those of "off" trees, leaves of "on" trees were greater in number and expanded twice as fast during the first 30 days after full bloom (FB + 30). Mature, fully expanded leaves of "on" trees were smaller (124.1±3.26 cm2) than those from "off" trees (163.3±3.40 cm2), indicating delayed demands of fruiting on initial leaf growth. Total LA per current shoot was greater in "on" than "off" trees because shoots of "on" trees averaged 8 leaves, compared with 6 for "off" trees. More inflorescence buds per shoot (7 vs. 3) abscised from "on" than "off" trees. About 60% of young developing nuts had abscised by FB + 30, when they weighed <250 mg each, and another 25% abscised between FB + 30 and FB + 60, when individual nuts weighed _400 mg. The average total dry mass (DM) of individual branches of "on" trees increased 1322% (from 5.9 to 83.9 g) compared with 598% (from 4.2 to 29.3 g) in "off" trees. Besides nuts, leaves accumulated the greatest amount of dry matter within individual branches followed in decreasing order by current wood, 1-year-old wood and inflorescence buds. DMs of individual leaves of "on" trees were on average 15-48% greater than leaves of "off" trees. "Off" trees invested 4.6 g of dry matter into 1-year-old wood and 2.1 g into current wood, compared with 1.3 and 4.3 g, respectively in "on" trees. One-year-old wood was an important major source of carbohydrates for developing leaves, current wood, rachises and nuts. The immediate demands of fruiting on individual branch components were measured as DM losses. Individual leaves, current wood, 1-year wood and rachises lost 1.1, 0.3, 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively, of the average total DM of individual branches of "on" trees. This loss was equivalent to 5.7, 5.9, 26.7 and 16.4%, respectively, of the seasonal average peak DMs of the respective individual branch components. PT: Journal-article AN: 970303362 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 491 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Diseases of pistachio in California and their significance. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Doster-MA; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 337-343; 15 ref. LA: English AB: A list of major and minor fungal diseases of pistachio (Pistacia vera) reported in California, USA, is presented. There are 4 major diseases: Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae; Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by B. cinerea; Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata; and Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by B. dothidea. Minor diseases recorded include Armillaria root rot (or shoestring root rot) caused by A. mellea; Schizophyllum wood decay caused by S. commune; Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by S. sclerotiorum; Phomopsis shoot blight caused by a Phomopsis sp.; powdery mildew caused by an unidentified species of powdery mildew fungus; and Septoria leaf and fruit spot caused by S. pistaciae in California or S. pistaciarum in Arizona. Pistachio fruits are affected by stigmatomycosis caused by 2 yeasts Nematospora coryli or Aureobasidium pullulans which are transmitted by large hemipteran pests such as stinkbugs (Thyanta pallidovirens, Chlorochroa uhleri and C. ligata) and a leaffooted bug (Leptoglossus clypealis) and Aspergillus blights caused by Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp. Occasionally, A. flavus and/or A. parasiticus can infect pistachio and produce aflatoxin. Recent research and methods for controlling some of these diseases are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002671 Record 492 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio diseases in Greece. AU: Chitzanidis-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 345-348; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The commercial cultivation of pistachios in Greece was started on a small scale in Attica and the island of Aegina at the end of the last century. In the last 50 years, cultivation has greatly expanded and statistical data from the Ministry of Agriculture show that the pistachio industry presently comprises 4500 ha, with orchards from Crete in the south to Chalkidiki in the north of the country. Several diseases have been identified on this crop, some of which cause considerable damage. The data presented in this paper were obtained from diagnostic work carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute over a period of >50 years. The large number of samples examined over this rather long period compensates for the lack of a typical survey. As the study indicates, the relative importance of diseases has changed during this period, mainly because of new knowledge about the causal agents of pistachio diseases, new farming practices and also the cultivation of pistachios in new areas with different environmental conditions resulting in changes in the epidemiology of the different diseases. The diseases that have been observed are discussed in the remainder of this report. These include root rots, Phytophthora foot rot, Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae, Eutypa dieback caused by E. lata, wood decay, Septoria leaf spots caused by Mycosphaerella pistacina and M. pistaciarum, rust caused by Pileolaria terebinthi, Camarosporium blight caused by C. pistaciae, stigmatomycosis caused by Nematospora coryli and potassium deficiency and salt toxicity. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002672 Record 493 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Identification of Phytophthora species associated with pistachio gummosis in southern Iran. AU: Banihashemi-Z; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 349-352; 21 ref. LA: English AB: In recent years pistachio production has greatly increased in Iran and extended from Kerman province to neighbouring provinces of Yazd and Fars. Due to high salt tolerance of pistachio trees, land not suitable for other crops has been used for pistachio production. Among fungal pathogens, Phytophthora spp. are the limiting factors under high salt conditions. Attempts were made to isolate Phytophthora species from infected root and crown tissues. A citrus leaf baiting technique combined with antibiotic medium was used for soil assay. Although P. citrophthora was assumed to be the predominant species in most pistachio growing regions, P. drechsleri was also present in different areas in Kerman province. Other Phytophthora species like P. cryptogea and P. nicotianae were occasionally isolated. The latter species was isolated only from soil. All Phytophthora species were pathogenic on pistachio seedlings. P. citrophthora was more aggressive than other species on different pistachio cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002673 Record 494 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Susceptibility of pistachio rootstocks to Verticillium dahliae and Armillaria mellea - a progress report. AU: Teviotdale-BL; Epstein-L; Ferguson-L; Reil-W; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 353-357; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio rootstocks were evaluated for susceptibility to V. dahliae and A. mellea each in separate field experiments. Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima, P. integerrima X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P.integerrima, nursery-budded with P. vera 'Kerman', were planted in 1992 in a field infested with V. dahliae. The microsclerotia level in the field was increased prior to planting by discing in V. dahliae- infected tomato plants. In the autumn of 1992, there were c. 25 microsclerotia/g dry soil in three quarters of the trial and 13 microsclerotia in the fourth-quarter. During the first 2 growing seasons, 2 trees on P. atlantica and 1 each on P. integerrima and P. integerrima X P. atlantica died. Verticillium wilt symptoms were present in 25% of trees on P. integerrima X P. atlantica, 3% of trees on P. atlantica and 2% of trees on both P. integerrima and P. atlantica X P. integerrima. Susceptibility to A. mellea was examined by planting P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. integerrima and P. integerrima X P. atlantica trees in orchard sites naturally infested with the pathogen. After 3 years, all P. terebinthus trees were healthy whereas 33 to 44% of the other 3 rootstock trees had succumbed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002674 Record 495 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The development of early split pistachio nuts and their contamination by molds, aflatoxins, and insects. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 359-364; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Early splits (ES) are abnormal pistachio nuts that have both the hull and shell split exposing the kernel to invasion by insects and moulds (including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that produce aflatoxins). Five commercial orchards had detectable levels of aflatoxins in ES before harvest. It is important that contaminated nuts are removed during processing. ES with shrivelled hulls had more than twice the naval orangeworm (NOW) infestation, more than twice the mould and more than 99% of the aflatoxins compared with ES with smooth hulls. The shrivelled hull is a characteristic that allows the identification of pistachio nuts most likely to have aflatoxins and could be used to remove these contaminated nuts. NOW-infested kernels accounted for 84% of the aflatoxin in pistachio nuts. Reduction of NOW by growers should reduce aflatoxin levels in harvested nuts. ES formed over a period several weeks prior to harvest. The earlier the ES formed the more mould and NOW present in the kernel. Early formed ES are very distinct from normal nuts by weight, size, shell discoloration and hull shrivelling. Any of these characteristics could be used during processing to remove nuts with mouldy and NOW-infested kernels. Missing 1 irrigation in mid May (period of shell formation) substantially increased the % ES observed at harvest but did not affect normal shell splitting. It is suggested that growers take extra care that sufficient irrigation is applied in late spring to reduce the numbers of ES at harvest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002675 Record 496 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Carob moth, a pest of pistachio nut in Iran. AU: Mehrnejad-MR; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 365-372; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, is a well known pest of pomegranate in Iran. In surveys in 1989-91, it was found in most pistachio plantation areas of Kerman and Yazd provinces. The pest moved from alternative hosts, mainly pomegranate, onto pistachio and was observed infesting pistachio nuts from late July, when the hulls first crack, and infestation increased in the period to harvest. Maximum activity was found to be during September and October in Rafsanian. Larvae can continue to consume the product after harvest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103602 Record 497 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Biological observations and chemical control of pistachio twig borer, Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep. Dinophilidae), injurious in pistachio orchards in Turkey. AU: Mart-C; Yigit-A; Celik-MY; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Machailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 373-378; 4 ref. LA: English AB: In studies conducted on chemical control of the pistachio twig borer Kermania pistaciella in Gaziantep province, Turkey, in 1989 and 1992, it was concluded that insecticide applications should be made one week after the first adult emergence with a second application 10-15 days later, depending on the residual effects of the products. Monocrotophos, azinphos-methyl and carbaryl were recommended for use against the pest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103603 Record 498 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Species and pest control methods used in pistachio orchards of Turkey. AU: Mart-C; Erkilic-L; Uygun-N; Altin-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Machailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 379-385; 9 ref. LA: English AB: A brief overview of the insect pest and disease control problems on pistachio in Turkey is presented. Among 40 injurious pests that have been identified, 12 are described as reaching economically injurious levels. The use and integration of chemical, mechanical, cultural and biological control methods are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103604 Record 499 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Allergy to pistachio: crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae. AU: Fernandez-C; Fiandor-A; Martinez-Garate-A; Martinez-Quesada-J SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy. 1995, 25: 12, 1254-1259; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Two patients (boys, 3 and 6 years old) with allergy to pistachio nut (Pistacia vera, a member of the Anacardiaceae family) were studied in Guadalajara, Spain. Presence of specific IgE for pistachio and cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) and for mango seed and pulp (Mangifera indica) was ascertained by skin tests and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST). The allergenic profile of pistachio and cashew was analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Cross-reactivity between pistachio and the other Anacardiaceae was studied by RAST inhibition. Skin tests were positive for pistachio and cashew in both children and for mango seed in one child. RAST was positive for pistachio and cashew in both patients. On immunoblotting, serum from both patients recognized several pistachio and cashew allergens with a molecular weight ranging from <14.2-70 kDa. RAST inhibition demonstrated common antigenic determinants between pistachio and cashew nut. Crossreactivity was also found between pistachio nut and mango seed but not with mango pulp. It was concluded that pistachio nut contains several protein allergens able to trigger type I hypersensitivity reactions. These allergens can also be found in cashew nut and mango seed but not in mango pulp. PT: Journal-article AN: 971404716 *LHM: The JCR rank of this journal in Allergy is 2 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Allergy is 2 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Immunology is 30 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Immunology is 30 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 500 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Possibility of development in pistachio growing in southern Italy: technical and production methods. OT: Possibilita di sviluppo della pistacchicoltura nel Mezzogiorno: indirizzi tecnici e produttivi. AU: Caruso-T; Motisi-A SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 1, 9-17; 30 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: An assessment of the prospects for the development of pistachio growing in southern Italy is presented. The current status of the sector in Italy is discussed in relation to recent global growth in production and markets, and the particular buoyancy of the market for the green-kernel pistachio which is grown in Italy. Crop growth requirements are described, and the performance of different cultivars and rootstocks are discussed. Recent advances in propagation techniques are described, and the production system for planting material is outlined. Planting systems and pruning techniques are described, together with irrigation and fertilizer regimes. Harvesting, processing and conserving practices are outlined. It is concluded that there is room for expansion in the sector in Italy, and in view of the adaptability of pistachio it is argued to be a particularly suitable crop for farmers with marginal land under salt or alkali stress. PT: Journal-article AN: 971802471 Record 501 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso-T; Inglese-P; Motisi-A; Sottile-F SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 71: 6, 919-924; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Growth and seasonal variation in mineral content was investigated for infructescence components of Bianca pistachios grafted onto P. therebintus [P. terebinthus]. The absorption curve specific to each infructescence and fruit component was calculated on a percentage dry weight and absolute content basis. Nutrient uptake by infructescence components was consistent with their developmental rate. The embryo was the strongest sink for N, P and Mg uptake. Pericarp and rachis accounted for >80% of the K and Ca accumulated in the infructescence. The highest accumulation rate occurred during rapid embryo growth. PT: Journal-article AN: 970300055 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 502 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Proteins associated with reproductive male bud development in pistachio. AU: Golan-Goldhirsh-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 21-27; 5 pl.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Electrophoretic analysis of proteins isolated from buds during microsporogenesis identified a bud polypeptide of 32 kDa. It was not found in vegetative buds or leaves. It was a major bud protein which was degraded during microsporogenesis, its concentration declining significantly at the tetrad stage. Anatomical studies were also carried out at the same developmental stages. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300263 Record 503 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Vegetative growth and inflorescence bud abscission in bearing and non-bearing pistachio trees. AU: Barone-E; Caruso-T; Marra-FP; Motisi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 29-35; 11 ref. LA: English AB: The growth pattern of shoots, leaves and inflorescence buds was monitored on trees of the cultivar Bianca in a bearing year. Half of the trees were deblossomed 20 days before full flowering, the remaining trees being used as the controls. The results suggested that in bearing trees, fruit development polarized the major part of the available photosynthate and that it may also mobilize reserves. However, in non-bearing trees the absence of fruits allowed more carbohydrate availability for the growth of other parts (shoot, inflorescence buds, leaves), and for storage. However total DM of bearing shoots was more than twice that of non-bearing trees. The possible cause of this is discussed in relation to alternate bearing. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300264 Record 504 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The morphology of pollen grains as an indicator for identification of male pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Davarynejad-GH; Rashed-MH; Vatanpoor-A; Csillag-F; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 37-42; 16 fig.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The morphology of the pollen grains from 14 male cultivars was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The general shape of all pollen grains was circular to elliptical with a 20-24 µm diameter. The pollen was polypantaporate and intectate. Different exine features were found on pollen from different cultivars, and on this characteristic pollen type was classed into 3 groups. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300265 Record 505 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Anatomical studies on misshapen pistachio nuts. AU: Fabbri-A; Dollo-L; Ferguson-L; Polito-VS; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 73-76; 4 ref.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Deformed nuts, called curly or C nuts, have been recorded in several Californian orchards. Histological modifications resulting in the development of curly nuts were determined. Tissue degeneration in pistachio fruit pericarp could start within 2 weeks of flowering. The parenchyma of the endocarp was most affected by necrosis causing shrinkage, and fracturing. At worst, only the mesocarp (hull) remained functional, providing only a thin protection for the embryo, as the shell was absent in the affected areas. The localized curling of the nuts occurred when either the degeneration was not simultaneous, or only part of the endocarp was affected. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300271 Record 506 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determining the chilling requirements and growing degree hours of some pistachio nut cultivars and regions. AU: Kuden-AB; Kaska-N; Tanriver-E; Ak-BE; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 85-90; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The chilling requirements and growing degree hour (GDH) requirements of 2 male cultivars (male-1 and male-2), 1 Iranian female cultivar (Ohadi) and 4 Turkish female cultivars (Uzun, Halebi, Siirt and Kirmizi) were determined. Male-1 trees had the lowest chilling requirement, needing 550 chill units (500 h below 7°C). Of the female cultivars, Uzun had the lowest chilling requirement (550 chill units; 600 h below 7°) while Ohadi had the highest (900 chill units; 1050 h below 7°). Ohadi also had the highest GDH requirement (11 500 GDH). Kirmizi had the lowest GDH requirement (10700 GDH). Values for the amount of chilling and GDH were determined for the 3 main pistachio growing areas in Turkey; all areas were satisfactory for the tested cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300273 Record 507 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Observations on pistachio photosynthetic activity in southern Italy. AU: Novello-V; Palma-L-de; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 97-102; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The photosynthetic activities of young, non-bearing pistachio (cv. Bianca) trees, grown in the Apulia region, were measured using an infrared gas analyser. There were no differences in activity along the shoot except at the last node. No differences were observed with leaf surface except for a slight increase in water use efficiency observed on lower leaf surfaces. In mature trees, no differences were observed between bearing and non-bearing shoots except for the quantum yield which was lower in the middle part of the bearing shoots. In irrigated trees, water use efficiency appeared to be related to photosynthesis rather than vapour exchange. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300275 Record 508 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso-T; Sottile-F; Inglese-P; Motisi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 103-108; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Growth and seasonal variation in mineral content of the infructescence components of the cultivar Bianca, grafted onto P. therebinus [P. terebinthus], was investigated in Sicily. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg absorption curves for fruits and fruit components (pericarp, embryo and rachis) were consistent with their development rates. The embryo was the strongest sink for N, P and Mg. The pericarp and rachis accounted for >80% of K and Ca accumulated in fruits. Accumulation was highest during rapid embryo growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300276 Record 509 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effects of GA3 on the contents of ABA of pistachio seeds during stratification. AU: Ozguven-AI; Nikpeyma-Y; Ak-BE; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 109-114; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Seeds of the cultivar Kirmizi were soaked in GA3 at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 500 ppm for 12, 24 or 48 h. Seeds were then stratified for 12, 24 or 36 days. The concentration of ABA-like substances was high when seeds were soaked for 12 h but decreased with time of stratification. Soaking for 36 h had similar results but the concentration of ABA-like compounds decreased after 36 days of stratification. GA3 application reduced the inhibiting effects of ABA, particularly at 500 ppm. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300277 Record 510 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effect of GA3 applications on pistachio nut seed germination and seedling growth. AU: Ak-BE; Ozguven-AI; Nikpeyma-Y; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 115-120; 24 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of GA3 (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 24 or 48 h) on the germination of pistachio (cv. Siirt) seeds was investigated. The best germination (73.33%) was observed following treatment with GA3 at 125 ppm for 48 h. Maximum seedling height and internode length were also observed following treatment with GA3 at 1000 ppm. The healthiest plants were obtained from the 250 and 500 ppm GA3 treatments. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300278 Record 511 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Artificial pollination of pistachio trees under unsufficient pollination conditions. AU: Kuru-C; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 121-123. LA: English AB: Methods for the artificial pollination of pistachios (cv. Urfa) in Turkish orchards using pollen obtained from a pistachio hybrid were investigated. Pollen (1 or 4%) was mixed with corn starch, rice flour, or hard or soft flours; the best mixtures were 1% pollen mixed with durum wheat or soft wheat flours. There was no significant difference between pollination using a motorized duster or a cotton bag as long as the pollen mixture in the bag was added separately for each tree treated. The best time for artificial pollination was when female trees were between 1 and 40% in full flower. No significant differences in fruit set were observed between natural and artificial pollination. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300279 Record 512 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. AU: Kaska-N; Kuden-AB; Ferguson-L; Michailides-T SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 425 pp.; ref. at ends of papers. LA: English AB: This volume comprises 71 papers which were presented at the first international symposium on pistachios. Papers were presented under the following categories: Physiology, biology, pollination and fruit set (25 papers); Propagation and orchard management (18); Cultivars, rootstocks and breeding (13); Pests and diseases (8); and Harvesting, post harvest treatments, processing and economics (7). PT: Conference-proceedings IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300292 Record 513 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Shell dehiscence improvement and weight increase in 'Aegina' pistachio nuts with carbohydrate applications. AU: Zakinthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 143-148; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Trees (21-years-old, growing in an orchard in Greece) were sprayed with a mixture of carbohydrates (3% sucrose + 2% glucose + 1% raffinose + 1% inositol [myo-inositol] + 0.5% cuproneb, a fungicide) 3 times in July or once each in June, July and August. The monthly sprays gave the best results producing a higher percentage of shell dehiscence (85-95%) compared with untreated trees (75-85%) and an increase in nut DW of 8-10%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300899 Record 514 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Mastic secretion canals and the changes of mastic level in pistachio (P. vera L.). AU: Okay-Y; Ayfer-M; Koksal-AI; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 149-154; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The success of budding pistachios can be reduced by mastic resin secretions [gummosis?] on the cut surface of rootstocks. The amount of mastic secreted by budded pistachios (cv. Siirt) on Pistacia vera rootstocks (growing in the field in Gaziantep) was determined using the soxhlet extraction method. The position of the mastic secretion canals, determined using safranin/fast green staining, was in phloem tissue. The amount of mastic secreted increased with age and thickness of the seedlings and exhibited seasonal variation. Secretion increased in March, was low between May and August, increased again in September, then declined during the winter. There was no correlation between the amount of secretion and budding success but it was suggested that budding should be done when secretion is at its lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300900 Record 515 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Physiological differences of some pistachio varieties during different vegetation periods. AU: Idem-G; Gezerel-O; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 155-160; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Trees of the cultivar Uzun budded onto rootstocks Pistacia vera or P. khinjuk, grown in 2 orchards in Sanliurfa, were used in the study. The effects of rootstock, biennial bearing, sex and time of sampling on the leaf mineral content was investigated. N and P content declined during the growing season while that of K, Ca and Mg increased. Fe and Zn contents were highest in the spring. P. khinjuk absorbed all minerals; Zn and Fe were absorbed better than the others. P. khinjuk was considered a better rootstock than P. vera. Biennial bearing affected the content of all minerals except N and K. Male trees had higher P, K and Zn contents; Ca, Mg, N, Fe and Cu contents were higher in female trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300901 Record 516 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio nut growing in Turkey. AU: Kaska-N; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 161-164; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Turkey is one of major pistachio growing countries of the world. In a brief overview several aspects of pistachio production are discussed, with particular reference to rootstocks, cultivars, pollination, breeding, cultivation, irrigation, fertilizers, postharvest practices and marketing. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300902 Record 517 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio production in Iran. AU: Sheibani-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 165-168; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio is one of the most important crops in Iran occupying 210 000 ha. In a brief overview, aspects of pistachio production are presented, with particular emphasis on, cultivars, propagation, pruning, irrigation, nutrition and harvesting. The most important pests and diseases are listed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300903 Record 518 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The activities of ACSAD of pistachio studies in dry lands. AU: Ebrahim-EH; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 175-179; 5 ref. LA: English AB: The organisation ACSAD was set up to help develop the production of fruit trees in dry regions. Summaries of experiments and results carried out in Syria on pistachios are presented. Spraying with Alar [daminozide] (750 ppm) was most effective in reducing growth and promoting flowering. Cultivar trials (Ashoory, Batoory, Olemi, Boudaky and Aein Eltineh) identified Ashoory as the most vigorous, while Batoory was the most precocious and less inclined to biennial bearing. Batoory seedlings made good growth in one season and were suitable for grafting. Spraying with DNOC improved yield because of the increase in the number of filled nuts. A list of ACSAD publications on studies on pistachios is given. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300905 Record 519 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio production, technology, problems and research project in Syria. AU: Al-Nabelsi-G; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 189-193. LA: English AB: Syria is now the fourth largest producer of pistachios. A brief description of the Syrian pistachio industry is given including figures for yield, the main regions and areas of production and pomological characteristics of the main cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301072 Record 520 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (P. vera): effects of subculture, growth regulators and explant type. AU: Abousalim-A; Hafdi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 195-199; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Explants from cotyledons, internodes and roots of in vitro-grown seedlings (cv. Mateur) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 10, 20, 40 or 100 mg/litre. Good callus production was observed from cotyledon explants in the presence of 2,4-D at 10 mg/litre. Callus production was also promoted when the induction medium (containing 2,4-D at 10 mg/litre) was renewed after 4 weeks and again after a further 3 weeks. Two types of callus were observed, nodular and granular, the former being the only callus to produce embryos. The nodular callus was either compact or mucilaginous; the latter had a better embryonic quality and also facilitated suspension cultures more easily. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301073 Record 521 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of the time of budding on the shoot growth of pistachio cv. Bianca. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 207-212; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The cultivar Bianca was budded onto rootstocks of Pistacia terebinthus during the first and fourth week of June and the third week of July 1991. At the end of the growing season shoots from buds budded on the last budding date were the smallest. This difference was still evident during the first half of the second growing season but by the end of the second year's growth all differences had disappeared. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301075 Record 522 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Status of pistachio nut cultivation in Syria. AU: Hadj-Hassan-A; Kardouch-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 221-227; 5 ref. LA: English AB: Important characteristics of female pistachio trees (including Pistacia atlantica, P. palaestina and P. lentiscus) grown in Syria are presented. The main characters discussed are, cultivars, length of fruiting shoots, flowering dates, fruit drop, blank and filled nuts, degree of splitting, nut development and ripening period. Important characteristics of the male trees are mentioned. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301077 Record 523 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The ultrastructure of shoot apex of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) grown in vitro with reference to shoot-tip necrosis. AU: Abousalim-A; Mantell-SH; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 233-235; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Light microscopy studies of shoot tip necrosis (STN) showed disorganized cells in the cortex as well as in the pith of shoot tips, leading to the development of a dark coloured area. Transmission electron microscopy of cultured shoot apices (excised from pistachio seedlings) showed that early signs of STN consisted of invagination of the plasmalemma. As necrosis progressed, extreme disintegration of membranes and organelles led to complete cell autolysis. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301079 Record 524 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio trial under different volumes of irrigation in Italy. AU: Monastra-F; Avanzato-D; Martelli-S; Dascanio-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 249-252; 3 ref. LA: English AB: An orchard of the cultivar Lamaka grafted onto P. integerrima received 4 different irrigation regimes, 0, 25, 50 or 75% of calculated evotranspiration. Trunk diameter was strongly correlated with irrigation volume. Irrigation significantly increased vegetative and floral shoot growth and increased the number of inflorescences/tree. However fruit/inflorescence decreased with increasing irrigation levels and this was reflected in the fresh and dried yield/plant which also decreased with increasing volumes of irrigation. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301082 Record 525 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Improvement of pruning techniques for bearing pistachio nut trees. AU: Arpaci-S; Tekin-H; Aksu-O; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 253-257; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Nineteen-year-old trees of the cultivar Uzun, grafted onto Pistacia vera, were used in the study in the region of Gaziantep. The effects of heavy pruning, which involved removal of two thirds vegetative shoots and one third mixed branches, and light pruning, which involved removing one third of all branches, on yield were compared with the traditional method of just cutting out dead branches. The different pruning methods had no significant effect on yield. However, heavy pruning gave the lowest kernel/shell ratio (43.5%), the heaviest 100 nut weight (105.13 g) and the highest split percentage (84.7%). Both experimental pruning techniques gave better shoot growth than the local method. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301083 Record 526 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The improvements of pistachio at Ceylanpinar State farm. AU: Ak-BE; Sermenli-T; Karaca-R; Koc-C; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 281-286; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The establishment and expansion of the cultivation of pistachios on the State farm is described. The yields of different cultivars are given over a 7-year period and the yearly fluctuation in yields is illustrated. The cultivar Kirmizi is strongly biennial while Siirt and Ohadi are much less so. The farms' distribution of budwood and seedling material is given. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301147 Record 527 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Rootstock selection for pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) varieties. AU: Ulusarac-A; Karaca-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 293-298; 5 ref. LA: English AB: In 1975 the cultivars Uzun, Kirmizi, Siirt, Halebi and Ohadi were grafted onto seedling rootstocks of pistachios, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. P. atlantica exhibited the best growth below and above the graft union. Pistachio rootstocks showed the weakest growth in some years. In 1990 and 1991, cultivars on pistachio rootstocks had the smallest canopy volume compared with the other 2 rootstocks. In 1987 and 1988 plants on pistachio rootstocks produced the lowest yields. Of the cultivars, Siirt and Ohadi had the best yields in the years 1989-91 and Kirmizi and Halebi the lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301148 Record 528 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of male pistachio types for the district of Gaziantep and Kahramanmaras. AU: Koroglu-M; Koksal-AI; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 299-305; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The study was carried out in order to find male types which flowered synchronously with female cultivars. Thirty male types were picked from the 2 regions and evaluated for their growth, flowering and pollen characteristics. In Gaziantep 4 types (M4.12, S8.5, S.14.1 and S23.1) were selected and in Kahramanmaras 7 types (MA8.1, MA13.7, HA2.2, HA6.4, HA18.8, T1.1 and T10.7) were selected. All the pollinators flowered before the females but they were synchronous to some extent. The best pollen germination rates were 55-69%, which was considered high. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301149 Record 529 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Investigations on the profitability, productivity, quality and development of some pistachio varieties under intensive growing conditions. AU: Akkok-F; Karaca-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 313-318; 4 ref. LA: English AB: The study was carried out between 1976 and 1993 in Turkey on the cultivars Uzun, Siirt and Ohadi (grafted on pistachios) which were planted at high densities. Income from these plantings was compared with that obtained from Antep planted at a more traditional spacing. Trunk girth and tree height were best for Siirt and Uzun while Ohadi had the best annual shoot growth. Ohadi and Siirt were the most productive (223 and 300 kg/da [0.1 ha], respectively). The 100 nut weight (105.34-118.51 g), kernel:shell ratio (42.56-46.62%) and split ratio (63.18-76.01%) were best for Ohadi and Siirt. In 1993, the highest income was obtained from Siirt and the lowest income was obtained from Antep. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301150 Record 530 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of male Pistachio spp. types growing in Gaziantep. AU: Atli-HS; Kaska-N; Eti-S; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 319-322; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Twenty selected male types were evaluated in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate their suitability as pollinators for the female cultivars Uzun, Halebi, Kirmizi, Siirt and Ohadi. Growth rate, flowering time, degree of synchronous flowering with the female types, flower number on secondary branches, flower clusters/shoot, flowers/cluster, length of flower cluster and pollen characteristics including production, viability, germination and storage period, were investigated. Using the weighted ranking method, Type 30 was most suitable for Uzun and Halebi, Type 14 for Siirt and Kirmizi and Types 3 and 46 for Ohadi provided the same 2 types were in the same orchard. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301151 Record 531 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of the most suitable harvest time for green color and high kernel quality of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kunter-B; Gulsen-Y; Ayfer-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 393-398; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The investigation was conducted on the cultivars Siirt, Ohadi, Kirmizi and Uzun. Nuts were harvested on 29 August, or on 2, 9 or 16 September and at full maturity on 23 September. Kernel colour and chlorophyll content decreased as nuts matured. Shading of nuts on trees, drying in sun or dark and shell splitting had no effect on the total chlorophyll content. The cultivar Kirmizi had the highest green colour as measured by total chlorophyll content (2.9 mg/100 g). All cultivars showed the highest correlations between kernel green colour and weight, total fat or protein content when nuts were harvested 3 weeks before full maturity. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301155 Record 532 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The Italian research on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Avanzato-D; Monastra-F; Corazza-L; Palma-L-de; Novello-V; Fabbri-A; Dollo-L; Barone-E; Caruso-T; Marra-FP; Ingelese-P; Motisi-A; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 399-404; 64 ref. LA: English AB: The results of research conducted in Italy on pistachio over the last 15 years are summarized. The main topics of investigation have been germplasm characterization, cultivar and rootstock propagation, orchard management, crop physiology and disease control in pistachios and Pistacia spp. including P. terebinthus, P. atlantica, P. integerrima. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301156 Record 533 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio growing in Greece. AU: Zakinthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 423-425. LA: English AB: A brief summary of pistachio production in Greece is given. The main rootstock used is Pistacia terebinthus, and the main cultivar is Aegina. The composition of the nut is 55% fat, 23% protein and 14% carbohydrate. Trees are grown in widely differing climatic regions, and harvesting and postharvest treatments are briefly outlined. The main research topics are listed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301159 Record 534 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Recent findings on alternate bearing in pistachio. OT: Recenti acquisizioni sull'alternanza di produzione del pistacchio. AU: Marra-FP; Motisi-A SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 12, 53-55; 13 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: The specific causes of alternate bearing have not yet been determined. The presence of fruits on the tree greatly affects the abscission of inflorescence buds, probably due to competition for carbohydrates and mineral elements but a role for plant growth regulators cannot be excluded. The need to manage pistachios, particularly in terms of plant nutrition and irrigation, to reduce alternate bearing is stressed. PT: Journal-article AN: 970301300 Record 535 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake capacity and root growth in mature alternate-bearing pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH; Topa-MA (ed.); Rygiewicz-PT (ed.); Cumming-JR SO: Dynamics of physiological processes in woody roots. Papers presented at an international symposium held in Ithaca, New York, 8-11 October, 1995. Tree-Physiology. 1996, 16: 11-12, 949-956; 44 ref. LA: English AB: Interrelationships between crop load, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake, and root growth were examined in mature, alternate-bearing pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees. Pistachio trees bear heavy (on-year) and light (off-year) fruit crops in alternate years. Uptake and partitioning of N, P, and K among tree parts were determined during spring flush (mid-March to late May), nut filling (late May to early September), and postharvest-leaf senescence (late September to early December). Nutrient uptake occurred primarily during nut filling in both on-year and off-year trees. In on-year trees, N and K uptake increased by 35 and 112%, respectively, during nut filling compared with off-year trees. During this period, nutrients were allocated largely to embryo development in on-year trees and to storage in perennial tissues in off-year trees. Nutrient uptake was negligible between harvest and leaf senescence. Although root growth was reduced during nut filling in on-year trees compared with off-year trees, there was no relationship between root growth and the uptake of N, P or K from the soil. The data support the hypothesis that sink demand regulates the uptake and distribution of N, P, and K in pistachio trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 970301380 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 536 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First report of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) on pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Holtz-BA; Michailides-TJ; Ferguson-L; Hancock-JG; Weinhold-AR SO: Plant-Disease. 1996, 80: 11, 1303. LA: English AB: 1n 1995, R. solani AG-4 was reported for the first time from pistachio rootstock seedlings, Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima and their hybrid cross, in Madera County, California, USA. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested against healthy pistachio plants in greenhouse tests. The disease was controlled in the nursery by the addition of pentachloronitrobenzene [quintozene] in planting medium and by maintaining clean greenhouse benches. PT: Journal-article AN: 971000885 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 537 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio kernels and shells. AU: Scholten-JM; Spanjer-MC SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 1996, 79: 6, 1360-1364; 14 ref. LA: English AB: A method was developed for accurate measurement of aflatoxin B1 in the edible portion of pistachio nuts. 29 samples of kernels with and without their shells were slurried with a Mega Ultra Turrax. A subsample of the homogenate was extracted with water-methanol, defatted with petroleum ether, purified with a silica solid-phase extraction column and redissolved in methanol. After separation on an octadecyl column and postcolumn reaction with on-line electrochemically generated bromine, the aflatoxin B1 derivative was detected fluorometrically. The shells contained <1% of the aflatoxin B1 found in the edible kernel and they accounted for 41.7-46.8% of the weight of the whole pistachio. It is concluded that it is possible to analyse an entire sample, up to 25 kg, as a whole and still be able to judge whether it meets the legal tolerance limit of 5 µg aflatoxin B1/kg edible part, as set by the Dutch Food Act. PT: Journal-article AN: 971200301 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 538 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Characterization and behaviour of pistachio cultivars in Catalonia (Spain). AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-M; Plana-J; Rovira-M; Batlle-I; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 181-188; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Since 1983, 70 Pistacia vera cultivars have been introduced in the pistachio collection at IRTA Mas Bove. In this paper, results are presented of the evaluation of 53 cultivars (29 females and 24 males) from 10 countries for agronomic and commercially important characters. The cultivars were observed for at least 3 flowering seasons. In addition, the use of isoenzymes to characterize this dioecious species was investigated. Fifty-two cultivars (36 females and 16 males) were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis for 5 enzyme systems: aconitase, esterase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and shikimate dehydrogenase. Some of the cultivars could be identified on the basis of their isoenzyme banding patterns. The results indicated that the female cultivars Aegina, Larnaka and Mateur, and the pollinators B, M-502 and Peters are the most promising. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601963 Record 539 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First results of vigour and leafing in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-M; Clave-J; Batlle-I; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 273-277; 7 ref. LA: English AB: A limited pistachio (Pistacia vera) crossing programme undertaken during 1989-90 produced _2000 seedlings from 31 crosses, and is providing information on cross combinations with superior vigour and leafing date. Significant differences were found between families for vigour, measured as trunk diameter 2 years after planting seedlings in randomized plots. Results of 12 crosses (733 seedlings) showed that offspring of Mateur X C and Mateur X M502 were vigorous, while progenies derived from Larnaka X Nazar, Larnaka X M502, Aegina X Enk and Larnaka X M38 were less vigorous. Cv. Mateur, which is vigorous, usually gave rise to vigorous seedlings, while Larnaka, which is less vigorous, produced seedlings with reduced vigour. Significant differences between offspring were also observed for average leafing data in 15 crosses (1453 seedlings). The crosses Sfax X M502, Mateur X M36 and Ouleimy X M502 produced late leafing seedlings, while progeny of Mateur X M502 and Mateur X C produced leaves early. Average leafing date of the progenies (1 year data) was significantly correlated (r = 0.67) with the average 100% flowering date of the parents (5 year data). Also, mean leafing date of parents and families (1 year data) were significantly correlated (r = 0.51). PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601965 Record 540 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of pistachio nut and their comparison to Turkish standard varieties. AU: Tekin-H; Akkok-F; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 287-292; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Promising pistachio (Pistacia vera) types were selected following evaluation for nut size, percentage of split nuts and percentage kernel weight in a study carried out during 1985-92 in Gaziantep, Sanliurfa, Kahramanmaras and Adiyaman provinces, where pistachios are grown intensively. Of the 16 types selected, 3 had larger nuts with higher splitting and kernel percentages than the favourite Turkish standard pistachio cultivar, Siirt. Two further selections produced nuts much earlier than the Turkish standard cultivars, but the nuts were small, with low splitting percentages. The promising types are undergoing further evaluation. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601966 Record 541 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Quality characteristics of Turkish and Iranian pistachio cultivars grown in Gaziantep. AU: Karaca-R; Nizamoglu-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 307-312; 11 ref. LA: English AB: In 1984, 1985 and 1987, 8 Turkish (Kirmizi, Uzun, Halebi, Siirt, Cakmak, Ketengomlegi, Degirmi and Sultani) and 5 Iranian (Ohadi, Vahidi, Mumtaz, Haci Serifi and Sefidi) pistachio [Pistacia vera] varieties were evaluated for nut characteristics. The nuts of Iranian varieties were larger than those of Turkish varieties (100-nut weight 162.03 and 129.72 g, respectively). Nut splitting percentage of Turkish types was 67.14% and that of Iranian types was 78.70%. Fat content of Turkish and Iranian nuts was 57.68 and 55.43%, respectively, while the respective protein contents were 22.08 and 22.69%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957 AN: 971601967 Record 542 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision system for automated detection of stained pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-T SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-and-Technologie. 1996, 29: 3, 203-209; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Most shell stains on pistachio nuts are caused by a hull defect known as 'early split' (an abnormal opening on the suture of the hull whilst it is still growing on the tree, 3 to 6 weeks before harvest). Early split nuts are more susceptible to insect infestation and Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination. A machine vision system was developed for separating stained from unstained nuts. The estimated cost of the system ($15 000) and the product throughput rates (40 nuts/s) were comparable to the bichromatic colour sorters currently available. Working algorithms were developed and implemented for 3 specific processing streams (sinker and floater bichromatic sorter rejects and manually sorted small nut shelling stock stream floaters). The overall minimum error rate for the system was 13% for the sinker bichromatic reject nuts, 14% for the floater bichromatic reject nuts and 15% for the small shelling stock nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 960309698 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1996.0030 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1996.0030 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0023-6438%28000000%2929%3A3%3C203%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 543 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Phytopathogenic fungi in southern Italy. XII - Anthracnose of pistachio nut. OT: Parassiti fungini delle piante dell'Italia meridionale. XII - L'antracnosi del pistacchio. AU: Frisullo-S; Camele-I; Lops-F; Carlucci-A SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1996, 46: 7-8, 45-47; 9 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: Alterations were observed in leaves, cluster rachis and fruit of pistachio nut plants in southern Italy in 1995. Diseased leaves showed necrotic spots often located close to the veins. Cluster rachis exhibited a dry rot which originated at the connection point of the fruit on the peduncle and then spread to the entire rachis. The epicarp of the altered nut was wrinkled and showed numerous fungus pustules, which were immersed in mesocarp and covered by a thin esocarp layer. Glomerella cingulata was consistently isolated from naturally infected material. Symptoms very like those observed on naturally infected pistachio fruit were reproduced in artificial inoculation tests involving wounded or intact healthy fruit. PT: Journal-article AN: 961006310 Record 544 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 3. Distribution in pistachio process streams. AU: Schatzki-TF; Pan-JL SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry. 1996, 44: 4, 1076-1084; 16 ref. LA: English AB: The distribution of aflatoxin concn was measured by sampling 19 process streams ranging from 1 to 1000 nuts/sample. The 19 streams comprised substantially the entire sorted product of one producer in California, USA, for crop year 1992. Similar results were obtained by another producer for 1993. The fraction of total aflatoxin accounted for by each process stream was computed. It was found that 90% of aflatoxin is contained in 4.6% of (low-quality) product; removal of this product would reduce mean aflatoxin from 1.2 to 0.12 ng/g for all product sold for human consumption. On the basis of the aflatoxin distributions of the processed as well as an unprocessed stream, it is concluded that all aflatoxin found here arises in the orchard; none is produced under normal processing conditions. It is estimated that the necessary sample size (in terms of the sample mean and desired variance of the mean) for aflatoxin measurement in pistachios is given by number of nuts = (8 X 105 ng/g) X mean/variance. PT: Journal-article AN: 961202075 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 545 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The occurrence of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on pistachio in Damghan. AU: Banihashemi-Z; Kheiri-A SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1995, 31: 1-4, 37-38. LA: English AB: On Oct. 13, 1994 several 8-year-old pistachio trees were found showing decline symptoms in a newly established Pistachio Experiment Station in Yahya-Abad, vicinity of Damghan in Semnan province. Numerous galls (2-5 mm in diam.) were observed on roots and identified as Meloidogyne javanica. This is the first report of the occurrence of nematode on pistachio in Semnan province. Use of pathogen free soil and seedlings must have priority in the pistachio expansion programme of the region. PT: Journal-article AN: 961701372 Record 546 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Comparison of two pistachio rootstocks. OT: Confronto fra due portinnesti di pistacchio. AU: Alberghina-O SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1996, 52: 15, 55-57; 4 col. pl. LA: Italian AB: Female cultivar Nostrale was grafted on Pistacia atlantica or Pistacia terebinthus rootstocks and grown in association with male cultivar Nostrale Bronte and male clones Alberghina 1 and Alberghina 2. Trees were established in 1983 and growth and nut production were monitored in 1988-93. Trees on P. atlantica were more vigorous but nut production was greater on P. terebinthus. PT: Journal-article AN: 960306938 Record 547 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of selected pistachio pollen on development and quality of pistachio nuts of three commercially grown cultivars. AU: Riazi-G; Rahemi-M; Khanizadeh-S SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1996, 19: 3-4, 635-641; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of pollen from 2 wild species (Pistacia atlantica and P. mutica) and 2 P. vera cultivars (Momtaz and Soltani) on nut development and quality of 3 commercially grown cultivars (Owhadi, Kalleh-ghuchi and Momtaz) were compared with open pollination. Pollen source had no effect on final fruit set and total fruit weight, but pollen from wild species, particularly that of P. mutica, reduced kernel weight and the percentage of split nuts and increased the percentage of blank nuts of the 3 commercially grown cultivars compared with cultivar pollen and the open pollinated controls. Owhadi had the lowest average individual kernel weight (0.52 g) and the highest average percentage of blank nuts (29.72%). The highest average percentage of split nuts (60.80%) was observed in cv. Momtaz. PT: Journal-article AN: 960307220 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 548 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Preliminary study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) and its associated natural enemies in some regions of Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS; Zebitz-CP SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1995, 13: 2, 62-68; 9 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: The ecology of Agonoscena targionii was studied on pistachios in 4 regions of Syria during 1994. Infestation reached 100% in Al-Muselmiya, Jarablus, Al-Bab and Morek on 1 May, 10 July, 24 July and 7 August, resp. Adults overwintered under bark and in crevices from the end of October to the end of March. Fourth- and 5th-instar nymphs were attacked by a dipteran endoparasitoid. Parasitism ranged from 1.2 to 85% in the field. PT: Journal-article AN: 961105304 Record 549 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Hull adhesion characteristics of early-split and normal pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC; Studer-HE SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 1996, 12: 2, 219-221; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The hull adhesion properties of early-split and normal pistachio nuts were studied to determine the feasibility of separating early-split nuts from normal nuts by their hulling characteristics. The hulls of pistachio nuts were found to adhere more tightly to the shells of early-split nuts than to normal nuts. Laboratory hulling tests on pistachio nuts harvested in 1993 indicated that under controlled conditions, 98% of the normal nut hulls were removed while only 9% of the early-split hulls were removed. PT: Journal-article AN: 962401259 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 550 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Isozymes and canonical discriminant analysis to identify pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) germplasm. AU: Barone-E; Marco-L-di; Marra-FP; Sidari-M; Di-Marco-L SO: HortScience. 1996, 31: 1, 134-138; 23 ref. LA: English AB: Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of morphometric data on buds, leaves and fruits, as well as isozyme analysis (esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase) of leaf samples, were used to identify eight male pistachio selections and 10 female pistachio cultivars. According to the CDA, 77% and 93% of the total variance was summarized by the first three canonical discriminant functions for the female and male selections, respectively. Fruit characteristics, particularly fruit fresh and dry weights and fruit length, accounted for most of the discriminatory power for the female cultivars, while the dimensions of the leaves, principally leaf rachis length, were the most effective discriminating characteristics for the males. Isozyme analysis showed a higher degree of polymorphism in the male than the female gene pool. Hence, using only three enzymes, it was possible to identify all of the male selections, but only 50% of the females. Peroxidase polymorphism clearly demonstrated the greater phylogenetic distance between Kerman and the local cultivars, as well as between Cerasola, a quite different cultivar with a reddish hull, and the others tested. The combination of CDA and isozyme analysis enhanced the possibility of uniquely identifying the female cultivars. PT: Journal-article AN: 961604674 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 551 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Plant regeneration from encapsulated embryoids and an embryogenic mass of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell-Reports. 1996, 15: 9, 723-726; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Pieces of an embryogenic mass (EMS) induced in culture from immature fruits of pistachio were encapsulated with calcium alginate beads. Somatic embryos were also encapsulated individually into calcium alginate beads to produce synthetic seeds. The viability of the encapsulated EMS and somatic embryos was investigated immediately following encapsulation, and after storage for 60 days at 4°C. The encapsulated-stored EMS fragments recovered their original proliferative capacity after two months' storage following two sub-cultures, but non-encapsulated-stored EMS failed to recover. The conversion frequency of synthetic seeds to seedling plants was 14% after storage for 60 days at 4°C, from which it may be concluded that encapsulation is a practical procedure for short-term storage of embryogenic pistachio tissue, and may be applicable to the preservation of desirable elite genotypes. PT: Journal-article AN: 961605775 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 552 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Inflorescence bud growth, development and abscission in shoots of bearing and disbudded 'Bianca' pistachio trees. AU: Caruso-T; Fabbri-A; Giovannini-D SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1995, 70: 6, 857-866; 9 pl.; 27 ref. LA: English AB: DM accumulation patterns and anatomical aspects of development and abscission of inflorescence buds borne on shoots of fruiting (BF) and non-fruiting (BNF) branches of bearing trees and in non-bearing branches of disbudded (NBD) pistillate trees of pistachio (Pistacia vera) were studied from the end of May to mid Sep. In NBD trees, inflorescence-bud summer drop was negligible and, by the end of the growing season, DM content in NBD buds was 3 times higher than in BF buds. An anatomical investigation showed that the inflorescence buds, irrespective of their being on shoots of BF or BNF, undergo the same differentiation process, which is completed by the end of spring. In June and July, signs of degeneration are detectable in the conducting tissue of the buds that will abscise. The degeneration seems to precede and, presumably, trigger the onset of abscission layers, which may develop at different points in the inflorescence. It is suggested that the event triggering the onset of the abscission process precedes the phase of rapid embryo development and that it might be ascribed to the embryo in the phase following the first zygotic division. PT: Journal-article AN: 960300200 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 553 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Productivity of pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) under saline conditions. AU: Abu-Sharar-TM SO: Dirasat.-Series-B,-Pure-and-Applied-Sciences. 1994, 21: 5, 193-206; 2 pl.; 14 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: In a field trial in the semiarid Dhuleil area of Jordan, 2 local pistachio cultivars (Ashouri and Olaimi), each grafted on 2 rootstocks (Ashouri and Pistacia atlantica), were planted in 1969. The plot was basin-irrigated with well water, which increased in salinity from the onset of irrigation. Crop yield (kg shelled fruits/tree) was recorded for the 1984-89 seasons. Soil samples taken in 1992 showed high soil salinity, with Cl- representing 0.823 [82.3%] of the total negative charge. However, field observations over 9 years showed no visual symptoms of salinity stress. Therefore, it was concluded that the crop was tolerant of salinity and specific Cl-toxicity. Using an upper salinity threshold of 10 dS/m for salt-tolerant crops, the average yield of shelled fruits was predicted to be 80% of the possible maximum yield, which was in agreement with the overall average yield relative to that of trees growing under local rainfed conditions with no salinity stress. This yield reduction corresponded to a 6% decrement per unit increase in ECe [electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract] beyond the threshold salinity, with 1 and 10% yield reduction in the most and least salt-tolerant scion/rootstock combinations (Ashouri/Ashouri and Ashouri/P. atlantica), respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301566 Record 554 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: High concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide improve budbreak in pistachio trees. OT: Concentraciones altas de cianamida hidrogenada mejoran la brotacion de yemas en pistachero. AU: Arreoloa-Avila-J; Mancilla-y-Diaz-Infante-R SO: Revista-Fitotecnia-Mexicana. 1993, 16: 2, 203-207; 12 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Spraying 10-year-old pistachio trees (cv. Kerman) with 2.5 or 5.0% hydrogen cyanamide after the trees had accumulated 457 heat units significantly increased percentage budbreak (from 4.5% in controls to 26.0 and 45.5%, respectively). Hydrogen cyanamide application advanced budbreak by about 11 days. Percentage budbreak was highest in one- and 2-year-old shoots, but the difference in percentage budbreak between control and treated trees was greatest in 4- and 5-year-old shoots. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301759 Record 555 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of rootstock on vegetative growth and nutritional status of pistachio cv. Bianca. OT: Effetto del portinnesto sullo sviluppo vegetativo e sullo stato nutrizionale del pistacchio cv. " Bianca". AU: Caruso-T; Giovannini-D; Barone-E SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 1, 57-60; 3 col. pl.; 17 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: Trunk cross-sectional area and plant nutritional status were recorded during a 3-year experiment without irrigation on pistachio cv. Bianca budded on 8 in vitro-propagated clonal rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica or P. integerrima) and 1 seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). Rootstock affected leaf K, Mg, B, Cu and Ca concentration but no particular mineral deficiency was noted. P. integerrima clone No. 2 was the most vigorous rootstock. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301923 Record 556 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Hendersonula blight of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) - a new record from Kashmir. AU: Chib-HS SO: Research-and-Development-Reporter. 1994, 11: 1-2, 93-94; 4 ref. LA: English AB: During 1982-85 a severe blight of pistachio shoots and branches was observed in Shalimar, Kashmir, India. The causal organism was identified as H. toruloidea [Nattrassia mangiferae]. PT: Journal-article AN: 961001388 Record 557 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in cultured immature kernels of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell-Reports. 1995, 15: 3-4, 192-195; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Embryogenic tissue was produced from kernels of immature pistachio fruits cultured in liquid MS media supplemented with 200 mg casein hydrolysate/litre, 114 µM ascorbic acid and benzyladenine (BA). Compact embryogenic masses differentiated directly from fruit explants after culture for 2 weeks in liquid MS medium with 8.9 µM BA. After transfer of the embryogenic masses into liquid MS medium with 4.4 µM BA somatic embryos were observed. Several stages of embryogenesis were present in the cultures. Somatic embryos, which were readily separated from the friable embryogenic masses by shaking, subsequently germinated on solidified hormone-free MS medium and developed into plantlets. PT: Journal-article AN: 961602306 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 558 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: Janis-W; Peckins-S; Strzelecki-KK SO: World-Horticultural-Trade-and-US-Export-Opportunities. 1996, No. 2, 44-54. LA: English AB: Pistachio production in selected countries (the USA, Greece, Italy, Syria and Turkey) in 1995/96 is forecast to increase 17% to about 127 000 metric tons. All five selected countries, except Greece, are expected to register increases. Total exports from selected countries in 1995/96 are forecast to rise 4% to 39 400 tons, with the USA accounting for most of the increase. PT: Journal-article AN: 961801708 Record 559 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio. AU: Swart-WJ; Botes-WM SO: Plant-Disease. 1995, 79: 10, 1036-1038; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Dieback of 3-year-old Pistacia vera trees, grafted onto P. atlantica rootstocks was observed in trial plantings in the Prieska district of South Africa during the spring of 1992. Close examination of diseased trees revealed the presence of cankers on the lower part of the stem in the vicinity of the graft. Isolations from the margins of diseased tissue onto malt-extract agar consistently yielded black fungal colonies and pycnidia bearing mature conidia identified as the Sphaeropsis anamorph of B. obtusa. The fungus was shown to be highly virulent to 3 Pistacia species in pathogenicity tests in the field. Branches measuring 5 mm in diam. of P. atlantica, P. vera and P. integerrima developed mean cambial lesions measuring 53, 51 and 15 mm, respectively, 14 d after artificial inoculation with fungal mycelium. Wounding of branches prior to inoculation resulted in significantly larger cambial lesions. This is thought to be a new record for B. obtusa on cultivated pistachio trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 951000238 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 560 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Insecticide trials on (Agonoscena targioni Licht.) injurious on pistachio trees in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. OT: Akdeniz bolgesi antepfistiklarinda zararli fistik yaprak, psyllasi (Agonoscena targioni Licht.) 'na karsi ilac denemesi. AU: Celik-MY SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1992, No. 22-23, 49-50. LA: English, Turkish AB: Following field trials in 1985-86 in Gaziantep, Turkey, phosalone, amitraz, fenvalerate, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and flucythrinate were recommended for the control of Agonoscena targioni on pistachio trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 951112391 Record 561 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Chemical tests against Sturaspis pistacia Lindinger and Pistaciaspis pistacia Arch. injurious on pistachio trees in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. OT: Akdeniz bolgesi antepfistigi agaclarinda zararli fistik beyaz kabuklubiti (Sturaspis pistacia Lindinger) ve fistik virgul kabuklubiti (Pistaciaspis pistacia Arch.) 'ne karsi kis ilac denemeleri. AU: Celik-MY SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1992, No. 22-23, 51-52. LA: English, Turkish AB: A 50% ammonium-salt of DNOC (Trifrina), DNBP [dinoseb] (Vintox) and DNOC 1.58% + mineral oil 65% (Vintervas) were evaluated for the control of Suturaspis pistacia [Salicicola pistacia] and Pistaciaspis pistacia [Lepidosaphes pistacia] on pistachios in 1985 in Turkey. Trifrina gave effective control of S. pistacia but not of P. pistacia. Both Vintox and Vintervas controlled both species. PT: Journal-article AN: 951112392 Record 562 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: RAPD polymorphisms among pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. AU: Dollo-L; Hormaza-JI; Polito-VS SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1995, 49: 3, 147-152; 18 ref. LA: English AB: RAPD analysis was used to characterize 15 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars. Thirty-three decamer oligonucleotide primers were screened and 14 of these produced 37 reproducible polymorphic bands which were useful as markers. Each cultivar exhibited a unique molecular phenotype and, as a consequence, was uniquely identified using these selected markers. The results suggested that RAPD analysis can provide a new alternative for pistachio cultivar identification and classification, and can be effectively incorporated into pistachio breeding programmes. PT: Journal-article AN: 951611702 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 563 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: The relationship between date of hull splitting and decay of pistachio nuts by Aspergillus species. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1995, 79: 8, 766-769; 19 ref. LA: English AB: Atypical pistachio nuts that have split hulls, known as 'early splits,' frequently have kernels decayed by Aspergillus spp. In 1992 and 1993 pistachio nuts that had split hulls were marked in commercial orchards at c. 2-week intervals in California, USA. Depending on the orchard, 15-48% of the early splits had formed >4 weeks before harvest and 10-30% formed within 2 weeks before harvest. At harvest these nuts were also evaluated for kernel decay, insect infestation, and several physical characteristics. The incidence of decay caused by Aspergillus spp. (predominantly A. niger) was 3 times greater in the oldest early splits than in early splits formed in the period before harvest (no decay was found in normal nuts with nonsplit hulls). The oldest early splits also had the most shrivelled hulls, which is a feature associated with aflatoxin contamination. At harvest the oldest early splits had less fruit FW, lower kernel moisture, smaller shells and more shell discoloration compared with early splits formed in the period before harvest and with normal nuts. It is concluded that these characteristics could be used to remove decayed nuts during processing. PT: Journal-article AN: 952311929 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 564 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Development of pistachio as a crop in the United States. AU: Parfitt-DE SO: 82nd-Annual-Report,-Northern-Nut-Growers'-Association. 1991, publ. 1992, 135-143; 1 pl., 1 map; 22 ref. PB: Northern Nut Growers' Association; Hamden, Connecticut; USA LA: English AB: A general discussion of Pistacia vera crop production, with regard to acreage, climatic and cultural requirements, tree biology, cultivars, propagation, diseases, disorders and pests, and genetic improvement. PT: Annual-report AN: 950311646 Record 565 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Influence of manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of pistachio. AU: Tekin-H; Guzel-N; Ibrikci-H SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1995, 18: 6, 1263-1272; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Fertilizer trials were conducted in a 37-year-old pistachio cv. Uzun orchard. N was applied (as ammonium sulfate) at 0, 400 or 800 g/tree and P was applied (as triple superphosphate) at 0 or 600 g P2O5/tree. K was applied to all trees as a basal rate. In addition, selected trees each received 60 kg air-dried sheep manure or sheep manure + additional inorganic macro- and micronutrients as foliar applications at 3 times during the course of the experiment. Yields were highest with 800 g N/tree + 600 g P2O5/tree + sheep manure + foliar sprays (15.301 kg/tree in 1990). Fruit shell dehiscence, tree productivity (g/cm2) and leaf N, P and K contents were also increased by increasing amounts of fertilizer. Fruit protein and oil contents were not influenced by addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers. PT: Journal-article AN: 950313216 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 566 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) a new insect pest for the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Greece. AU: Tsourgianni-A; Mourikis-PA; Chitzanidis-A SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-Phytopathologique-Benaki. 1994, 17: 1, 105-107; 7 ref. LA: English AB: In the past few years, severe infestations have been observed in pistachio orchards on the island of Egina, Greece, by lepidopterous larvae identified as belonging to the gelechiid species Teleiodes decorella. A list of 8 additional food plants and details of geographical distribution are included. PT: Journal-article AN: 951108045 Record 567 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Free amino acid and protein nitrogen in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman): developing kernel. AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Advances-in-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 8: 2, 115-124; 21 ref. LA: English AB: In the developing kernel, the total free amino acid N accumulated initially in the funiculus and ovule. During the overall growth of the embryo, protein N increased as the soluble N declined. Developmental events in the kernel were used as temporal markers to chart the sequential accumulation and dominance of metabolic families in the free amino acid N pool. The free amino acid N pool was dominated by the aspartate and glutamate families of amino acids (mainly arginine N). Strong network rigidity in the flow of N was indicated by linear and non-linear correlations among components of the free amino acid N pool. Changes in the soluble N were related to phenology and levels of insoluble N in the developing kernel. The flux of N through components of the soluble N is presented as a departure from average behaviour and portrays a response surface that can be used to characterize the metabolic stability of kernel development. PT: Journal-article AN: 950305952 Record 568 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) - a review of quality parameters. OT: Die Pistazie (Pistacia vera L.) - eine Ubersicht zur Warenkunde. AU: Reiner-H SO: Ernahrung. 1994, 18: 9, 443-447; 3 pl., 1 fig.; 27 ref. LA: German LS: English AB: The pistachio originated in the Middle East, and the largest producer is now Iran (99 900 t in 1992), followed by the USA, Turkey and Syria. Information is given on the chemical composition of pistachio nuts, their morphology and development, and grading and quality. PT: Journal-article AN: 950306178 Record 569 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Free amino acids as indicators of little leaf in zinc deficiency in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cultivar 'Kerman'). AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1995, 60: 3-4, 221-233; 1 pl.; 38 ref. LA: English AB: Zn deficiency of commercial pistachio trees is characterized visually as 'little leaf', analytically by low Zn concentrations, and internally by increases in N, P and total soluble N. Under a range of Zn deficiencies, blocks in metabolism arose which led to the accumulation of free arginine N. Over the growing season, arginine N in healthy leaves is normally used for amino acid and protein synthesis. The physiological states induced by Zn deficiency reversibly altered the internal correlations among free amino acid components of the soluble N pool. Several correlations were rigidly maintained over the growth and development of leaves, so as to support the visual indices for Zn deficiency. PT: Journal-article AN: 950306714 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0304-4238%2360%23221%233-4&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 570 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Alternate bearing influences annual nutrient consumption and the total nutrient content of mature pistachio trees. AU: Brown-PH; Weinbaum-SA; Picchioni-GA SO: Trees:-Structure-and-Function. 1995, 9: 3, 158-164; 22 ref. LA: English AB: The influence of alternate bearing on nutrient utilization and total tree nutrient content was investigated in mature pistachio cv. Kerman trees. Removal of N, P and Zn in fruits and abscised leaves of cropping ('on') trees averaged 5, 6 and 2 times, respectively, the removal in abscised leaflets of the non-fruiting, 'off' year trees. Nutrient removal per ha by fruits and abscised leaves of 'on' year trees was 135 kg N, 131 kg K, 86 kg Ca, 39 kg Mg and 18 kg P. Tree nutrient contents and, presumably, the size of nutrient storage pools in dormant trees varied between 'on' and 'off' years. There was 22 and 14% more N and P, respectively, in dormant trees following 'off' than 'on' years. The greater N and P accumulation in 'off' year trees presumably supports the large fruit demand for N and P during the 'on' years. In contrast to N and P, there was greater K and Ca accumulation in perennial tree parts during 'on' years than during 'off' years. The greater K accumulation in perennial tree parts and _30% greater removal of K in annual organs during 'on' than 'off' years suggest that K uptake could be 4 times higher in 'on' year trees than in non-cropping, 'off' year trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 950307817 Record 571 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: New technology for raising pistachio seedlings. AU: Popov-KP; Lalymenko-NK; Lalymenko-LA SO: Problems-of-Desert-Development. 1994, No. 2, 77-81; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachios grown on arid desert soils develop a vertical rather than a horizontal root system; this can increase seedling mortality at the time of transplanting. In experiments conducted at the Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences, pregerminated pistachio seeds were sown in conical bottomless polyethylene containers (50 cm tall, with diameters of upper and lower apertures of 12 and 10 cm, respectively), filled with a mixture of manure and takyr loam. The containers were closely spaced in a trench (50-60 cm deep) filled with sand. The plants developed a vigorous root system, with the filamentous roots growing downwards into the trench but also intermingling sideways with roots of neighbouring plants. Plants were transplanted in the field in a furrow/ditch system. Based on soil and growth analyses, and a plant survival rate of 100% after 2 years, it is concluded that the use of containers promoting horizontal root growth in the pistachio nursery is likely to improve seedling survival on desert soils. PT: Journal-article AN: 950309979 Record 572 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Pistachio production and exports in selected countries continue expansion. AU: Nishiura-K SO: Horticultural-Products-Review. 1993, No. 12, 35-37. LA: English AB: Pistachio production and exports in 1993/94 in selected countries are forecast to expand for the fourth straight year. Pistachio production in fi