Record 1 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effects of environmental factors. OT: Ayuehunzi guanghe texing jiqi yingxiang yinzi de yanjiu. AU: Lu-Bingshe; Bai-Zhiying SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica (China). Yuanyi Xuebao (China). (Oct 1999). v. 26(5) p. 287-290. LA: Zh (Chinese) AN: 2001-031791 Record 2 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Estimation of leaf area by non-destructive methods in three iranian pistachio species (Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica, Pistacia khinjuk subsp. oblonga and Pistacia khinjuk subsp. populifolia). AU: Ranjbar,-A.; Damme,-P.-van SO: Mededelingen-Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen-Universiteit-Gent (Belgium). (1999). v. 64(2) p. 49-56. LA: En (English) ENAB: The length of midrib and the maximum width of lamina (for all leaflets of each leaf) of 180 leaves Pistacia khinjuk subsp. populifolia, Pistacia khinjuk subsp. oblonga and Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica (60 leaves from each subspecies) were used to develop non-destructive leaf area prediction models. Most models exhibited very significant predictive ability as shown by R2 values which ranged 0.88-0.98. However, a number of models were identified as being best suited for fieldwork and having good predictive value. These models combine leaf width and length according to [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] x (mu/4), [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] and (W1 + W2 + W3), where L1, L2, L3 are the length of the apical leafs midrib, the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the left and the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the right, respectively; and W1, W2, W3 are the maximum width of lamina for L1, L2 and L3 respectively. AN: 2001-007509 Record 3 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Water consumption and irrigation of pistachio in Harran plain. OT: GAP bolgesi Harran ovasi kosullarinda antepfistiginin (Siirt cesidi) su tuketiminin ve sulama programinin belirlenmesi. AU: Bilgel,-L.; Dagdeviren,-I.; Nacar,-S. CA: 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Ankara (Turkey). 14-17 Sep 1999. SO: Celik,-H.; Halloran,-N.; Marasali,-B.; Demir,-I.; Soylemezoglu,-G.; Demir,-K.; Ilbay,-M.E.; Oktay,-Y. (Ankara Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). Div. of Horticulture). Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Turkiye 3. Ulusal Bahce Bitkileri Kongresi. Ankara (Turkey). Ankara University. Sep 1999. 1058 p. p. 252-257. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: The research was carried out with the aim of determination of irrigation interval, irrigation water amount and water consumption of pistachio on Harran plain. Also, it is targeted to determine on tree grown, fruit quality and periodisity of irrigation. Various anallysis results shows no difference between trial subjects as statistically. So less water application subject is recommended. As a result, pistachio is irrigated 3 times 45 days interval all season. Irrigation is started first weeks of June and lasted first weeks of September. Seasonal irrigation water is 450 mm and water consumption is 600 mm. AN: 2001-004305 Record 4 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Determination of the most maturation temperature harvest time and suitability of mechanical harvest on some pistachio cultivars. OT: Bazi antepfistigi cesitlerinin hasat zamaninin saptamasi ve makinali hasatin uygulanabilme durumunun arastirilmasi. AU: Atli,-H.S.; Arpaci,-S.; Akgun,-A. Ozguven, A.I.; Ozguven,-F. CA: 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Ankara (Turkey). 14-17 Sep 1999. SO: Celik,-H.; Halloran,-N.; Marasali,-B.; Demir,-I.; Soylemezoglu,-G.; Demir,-K.; Ilbay,-M.E.; Oktay,-Y. (Ankara Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). Div. of Horticulture). Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Turkey). 3. Turkish National Horticultural Congress. Turkiye 3. Ulusal Bahce Bitkileri Kongresi. Ankara (Turkey). Ankara University. Sep 1999. 1058 p. p. 248-251. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: This study was carried out to determine the degree-day requirement and most suitable time of harvesting and suitability of mechanical harvest on some pistachio cultivars at Gaziantep between 1996-1998. The nuts of cultivars were harvested at five different harvest times. The weight of 100 nuts, the splitting, kernel percentage and total fat percentage were determined. The date of the maximum fat content and kernel percentage were determined for each cultivar. Using the method of Celik at al. (1995) and average temperature over 12 deg C, the number of degree days from bloom to the optimal harvesting time was calculated. Optimal harvest time was 3607 day-degree for Kirmizi, 3797 day-degree for Uzun, 4106 day-degree for Siirt and Ohadi, 4405 day-degree for Kellekoci. Harvest made with branch shaker and 16 trees (1 ha) were harvested in an hour. The suitability of mechanical harvesting was determined of Uzun, Siirt and Ohadi varieties. The best suitable variety was Uzun and followed by Siirt, Ohadi varieties respectively. AN: 2001-004304 Record 5 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [The common pistachio [Pistacia vera L.]]. OT: Il pistacchio [Pistacia vera L.]. AU: Caruso,-T.; Sottile,-F. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (3-9 Dec 1999). v. 55(48) p. 59-64. LA: It (Italian) AN: 2001-000577 Record 6 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [The phytophagouses of common pistachio [Pistacia vera L. - Sicily]]. OT: I fitofagi del pistacchio [Pistacia vera L. - Sicilia]. AU: Greco,-F.; Nucifora,-S. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (18-24 Jun 1999). v. 55(26) p. 65-71. LA: It (Italian) AN: 2000-062161 Record 7 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effects of environmental factors. OT: Ayuehunzi guanghe texing jiqi yingxiang yinzi de yanjiu. AU: Lu-Bingshe; Bai-Zhiying SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica (China). Yuanyi Xuebao (China). (Oct 1999). v. 26(5) p. 287-290. LA: Zh (Chinese) AN: 2000-039206 Record 8 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The control against Teleiodes decorella Haworth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) growing on Mt. Etna. Pt.2. OT: La difesa del pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.) dall' attacco di Teleiodes decorella Haworth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) nell' area del massiccio etneo. Pt.2. AU: Greco,-F.; Nucifora,-S. SO: Tecnica-Agricola (Italy). (Oct-Dec 1998). v. 51(4) p. 31-37. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: In this paper is briefly referred about phytosanitary control of pistachio groves, with particular attention at the problem by Teleiodes decorella Haworth. It is also referred of experimental tests, which were carried out in order to ascertain the most suitable period for phytosanitary treatments against T. decorella, employing a number of active ingredients, some of which possessing ecocompatible action. Acephate, carbaryl, diazinone and diflubenzuron (with a chitin-inhibiting action)achieved excellent results if employed at the phenological stage when buds appear to be elongated, with unspread leaves, set together candle flame-like; when leaves spread, all tested molecules achieved positive results. AO: Gli AA riferiscono brevemente sulla problematica inerente la difesa fitosanitaria nella pistacchicoltura del massiccio etneo, con particolare riferimento a Teleiodes decorella Haworth. Allo scopo di valutare l'epoca piu' idonea per l'esecuzione di interventi fitosanitari contro T. decorella, e' stata inoltre condotta una prova sperimentale, utilizzando diversi principi attivi, di cui alcuni ad azione ecocompatibile. Acephate, carbaryl, diazinone e diflubenzuron (ad azione chitino-inibitrice) hanno fornito esiti soddisfacenti, impiegati nella fase fenologica di gemme allungate con foglie non distese, accostate a fiamma di candela; a foglie distese, tutte le molecole in prova hanno fornito risposte positive. AN: 2000-034540 Record 9 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Relationship between shell discoloration of pistachio nuts and incidence of fungal decay and insect infestation. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J.; SO: Plant-disease. (1999). Mar 1999. v. 83 (3) p. 259-264. LA: En (English) ENAB: Shell discoloration of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts collected from commercial orchards and processing plants was related to fungal decay and insect infestation of the kernel. Nuts with ruptured hulls (early split nuts and nuts with cracked hulls) varied considerably in the amount of shell discoloration, ranging from none to extensive. For both types of hull rupture, as shell discoloration increased, kernel decay also increased. Nuts with no discoloration had little or no fungal decay and navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) infestation. Processed nuts with an oily-shell appearance had the highest incidences of fungal decay and navel orangeworm infestation; nuts with a crinkled shell, nuts with extensive dark brown discoloration, and nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration along the suture had relatively high levels of decayed and infested kernels; while nuts with yellow discoloration, nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration not along the suture, and nuts with no discoloration had little or no decay and infestation. Also, as shell discoloration of processed nuts increased, kernel decay increased. Our results suggest that shell characteristics may be used by processors to identify poor quality nuts and to improve the quality of pistachio nuts sold to consumers. AN: 2000-029196 Record 10 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: First report of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) on pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Holtz,-B.A.; Michailides,-T.J.; Ferguson,-L.; Hancock,-J.G.; Weinhold,-A.R.; SO: Plant-disease. (1996). Nov 1996. v. 80 (11) p. 1303. LA: En (English) AN: 2000-029106 Record 11 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The mechanism of foliar zinc absorption in pistachio and walnut. AU: Zhang,-Q.; Brown,-P.H.; SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. (1999). May 1999. v. 124 (3) p. 312-317. LA: En (English) ENAB: The characteristics and mechanisms of foliar Zn uptake and translocation in pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.) were investigated using (68)Zn labelling in both intact and detached leaves. Following washing, mature walnut and pistachio leaves retained 8% and 12% of the total Zn applied, respectively. About half of retained Zn (3.5% and 6.5% of total Zn respectively) was absorbed into the leaf and translocated outside the treated area. Leaf age affected the Zn absorption capacity of pistachio but not walnut. Immature pistachio leaves absorbed more Zn than mature leaves. The absorption of Zn by walnut leaves at high concentrations (7.5 to 15 mM Zn) was not significantly affected by the pH of the solution. In pistachio Zn absorption was greatest at pH 3.5 and declined as pH increased to 8.5. The uptake process was not affected by light or addition of metabolic inhibitors. Foliar leaf absorption was only slightly affected by changes in temperature with an average Q(10) of 1.2 to 1.4. This study suggests that foliar Zn uptake is dominated by an ion exchange and/or diffusion process rather than an active one. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of stable isotope labelling in studies of foliar Zn absorption. AN: 2000-028570 Record 12 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees. AU: Vemmos,-S.N.; SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition. (1999). 1999. v. 22 (8) p. 1291-1301. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effect of fruiting on mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in pistachio (Pistachia vera L., cv. Aegenes) was studied in two experimental years (1990 and 1992). Nutrient concentrations were measured in leaves and flower buds on fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees at two week intervals from leaf emergence until the flower bud abscission of fruiting trees was complete. The results showed that the presence of fruit significantly increased the leaf concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) throughout the whole period of measurement and that of nitrogen (N) only until the commencement of seed growth (in June). In contrast, fruit decreased leaf concentrations of potassium (K) (throughout the whole period) and that of N (after the commencement of seed growth and high rates of bud abscission). Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) concentrations in leaves were not influenced by fruit. The results for flower buds were similar to those for leaves for the nutrients K, Mg, Mn, and Ca, while P, Zn, and Fe tended to be higher in buds of fruiting trees. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in buds of fruiting trees. AN: 2000-028513 Record 13 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Pistachio Tree and its Characteristics. AU: Ibrahim,-H.I.; Kardoush,-M.; Al-Rayes,-R. SO: Damascus (Syria). ACSAD. 1998. 162 p. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: This study includes details about pistchio tree in Syria and the Arab world where it relates the economic and nutritional importance of pistachio as well as its industrial and medicinal use. This publication contains details about the origin of this tree and the planting zones in the world. The study includes the a detailed taxonomy with photos and tables. The last chapter includes the propagation, pruning, fertilization and marketing of pistachio. AN: 1999-086206 Record 14 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [Effects of gamma irradiation on the biochemical properties of walnut and pistachio nut in Syria. First phase:just after irradiation]. AU: Othman,-I.; Karajoli,-M.; Mousa,-A. SO: Aalam-Al-Zarra (Syria). (1998). (no.54) p. 76-78. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 1999-081744 Record 15 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The effects of aminoacid chelate leaf fertilizers on the yield, quality and shoot development on kirmizi cultivar pistachio. OT: Aminoasit kleyti yaprak gubresi uygulamalarinin kirmizi antepfistigi cesidinde meyve verim ve kalitesi ile surgun gelisimi uzerine etkileri. AU: Okay,-V.; Erdogan,-V.; Ayfer,-M.; Aktas,-M. SO: Journal-of-Aegean-Agricultural-Research-Institute (Turkey). Anadolu. (1997). v. 7(2) p. 109-120. LA: Tr (Turkish) ENAB: In this study, the effects of a commercial leaf fertilizer in aminoacid chelate form is observed on fruit yield, fruit quality and shoot development of kirmizi cultivar pistachio. It is observed that leaf fertilizer application has increased the mineral contents of the leaves. Especially in the control trees with calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc deficiency, it is observed that leaf fertilizer has increased the amounts of these minerals. The most distinctive effects of aminoacid chelate leaf fertilizer was observed on fruit size, split shell proportion, profit and the number of fruit bud. AN: 1999-081127 Record 16 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Fruit set and some fruit traits of Pistachio cultivars grown under rainfed conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: This research was conducted at Ceylanpinar State Farm. In this farm there are different Pistachio cultivars such as Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Mumtaz, Vahidi, etc. Five trees of each cultivar were selected during "on" years. Four fruiting branches were selected at different sides of the tree. In these branches, the first two clusters were harvested totalling eight clusters per tree. Fruit number, fruit weight, fruit number per cluster, and percentage of dehiscence, blank and filled nuts were determined. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075764 Record 17 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Vigour and juvenile stage in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas,-F.J.; Romero,-M.A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Observations on vigour (trunk diameter 2, 3 and 4 years after planting) and on juvenile period (presence of flower buds 4 years after planting) in 1,626 pistachio seedlings from 30 controlled crosses between 9 female and 12 male cultivars were made. A highly significant correlation was found between vigour data corresponding to different years. The correlation coefficients were 0.83 (2-3 years), 0.75 (2-4 years) and 0.93 (3-4 years). These results showed the possibility to select for vigour when the trees are only two years old. Significant differences between families have been observed regarding vigour. Progenies "Mateur" x "Tunez" and "Mateur" x "C" showed high vigour and "Larnaka" x "M-38" and "Larnaka" x "M-502" showed reduced vigour. Referring to parents, seedlings derived from "Mateur" (female) and "C" (male) stood out, while derivatives of "Larnaka" (female) showed less vigour. Considerable differences between families were observed in relation to the juvenile period. Regarding number of trees showing flower buds 4 years after planting, the following families stood out: "Larnaka" x "B", "Batoury" x "C", "Mateur" x "C", "Kerman" x "M-11" and "Kerman" x "M-36". Concerning female parents, especially "Kerman" but also "Batoury" and "Mateur" were outstanding. The males "B", "C", "M-502" and "Peters" were also interesting parents for this character. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075729 Record 18 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: The effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In this experiment, the effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees were investigated. Zero (Control), 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm doses of paclobutrazol were used in this work. According to the outcome of this experiment the time and period of flowering increased parallel to the increase in the doses starting from 500 ppm. In addition, the germination of pollen and shoot growths were determined. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075727 Record 19 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Photosynthetic characteristics of six Pistachio cultivars. AU: De-Palma,-L. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: For the female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars "Bianca", "Kerman", "Larnaka" and "Red Aleppo" and the male cultivars "Ask" and "Peter", the following parameters were assessed by means of a portable infrared gas analyser: net carbon dioxide assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic photon flux, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. The two male genotypes, characterized by high stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and by high to medium net CO2 uptake, were separated from the other cultivars by principal component analysis. As for female cultivars, "Larnaka" and "Bianca" showed the highest and the lowest rate of carbon assimilation, respectively, "Kerman" and "Red Aleppo" were very close to each other. Moreover, "Larnaka" achieved the best compromise between assimilation and transpiration rates, as indicated by its higher water use efficiency. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075725 Record 20 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Effects of pollen of different Pistacia spp. on the protein and oil content in pistachio nut. AU: Ak,-B.E.; Kaska,-N. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In this experiment, the effects of P. vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus pollen on Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Bilgen and Vahidi pistachio varieties which were grown at Ceylanpinar State Farm were investigated. In these investigations, orchard experiments were done in 1989 and in 1990 growing seasons, the fruit analyses were completed in 1991 at the University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture's laboratories. The obtained results, effects of various types of pollen on the oil and protein contents of the nuts did not seem stable. However, Kirmizi, Bilgen and Vahidi cultivars have higher oil and protein contents. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075568 Record 21 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Impact of some factors on dehiscence and production of empty fruits in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). OT: Impact de certains facteurs sur la dehiscence et la production des fruits vides chez le pistachier Pistacia vera L. AU: Oukabli,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) FRAB: La dehiscence de l' endocarpe chez le pistache est un caractere recherche. Son importance est sous la dependance de plusieurs facteurs. La nature genetique du materiel vegetal est en relation directe avec la dehiscence. Les quantites de froid offertes durant le repos vegetatif des arbres du pistachier semblent avoir un effet sur l' importance de la dehiscence des fruits du pistachier cv. Mateur. La reponse varietale a ce facteur epouse la meme tendance. La nature du pollen influence la production de fruits dehiscents. Celle des porte-greffes issus de semis de Pistacia atlantica a un effet sur ce caractere egalement. Ces facteurs semblent agir en relation et la determination de l' impact de chacun n' est pas aisee. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075403 Record 22 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Characterization of pistachio cultivars using isozymes. AU: Rovira,-M.; Batlle,-I.; Romero,-M.; Vargas,-F.J. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Leaf samples of 55 pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars from 13 countries were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to study isoenzymatic variability for seven isoenzyme systems: aconitase (ACO), esterase (EST), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD). Polymorphism was observed in five of them (ACO, EST, GPI, PGM and SKD). GPI showing 8 different phenotypes was the most useful for the characterization of cultivars. Twelve different combinations for female cultivars and 2 for male cultivars were found. Two female cultivars ("Bianca" and "Red Jalap") and 4 male types ("A", "C-Especial", "M-P3" and "M-P9") were identified as being of hybrid origin. No pattern of geographic distribution of isozyme variation in this species was observed. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075187 Record 23 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Suitability of some selected and fast growing P. atlantica, Desf. types as pistachio nut rootstock. AU: Kafkas,-S.; Kaska,-N. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: In Turkey there are approximately 40 million pistachio nut trees growing in dry, rainfed soils. Most of these trees are budded on P. vera, L. seedlings. Since the irrigation of the Harran Plain (Sanliurfa in the GAP region) started in 1996 there are projects to grow pistachio nuts in irrigated lands as in California and Iran. In this case the rootstock problem arises. To solve this problem research on suitable rootstock was started. In this paper 6 P. atlantica, Desf. types selected from Southern, Central and Western Anatolia will be presented. After testing their viability and germination rates, the seeds of the selected P. atlantica, Desf. were first scarified with H2SO4 and then they were sown either directly or after treating with GA3 or after stratification. Growth and development were studied in the seedlings and budding stages were checked by measuring the stem diameters. According to the results obtained, AT-4502 and AT-7001 were found the most suitable material among the other selected ones from the germination and growth rates view points. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-075186 Record 24 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: In vitro organogenesis of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from zygote embryos of leaves. OT: Organogenese in vitro du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur a partir de feuilles d' embryons zygotiques. AU: Chatibi,-A.; Kchouk,-M.L.; Zemni,-H.; Ghorbel,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Les premiers essais de culture in vitro du pistachier se sont surtout interesses aux Pistacia sauvages car la culture in vitro de Pistacia vera L. s' est averee assez delicate. Recemment, une methode de multiplication du pistachier a partir de cotyledons a permis d' obtenir une centaine de plants acclimates. Dans le present travail, nous nous sommes interesses a l' ensemble des feuilles issues d' embryons zygotiques cultives in vitro, et ce, afin d' elargir le champ d' action a un plus grand nombre d' explants juveniles par graine. Les resultats montrent que les plants issus de l' organogenese foliaire se comportent de maniere identique a ceux obtenus par organogenese cotyledonaire. Toutefois, les plants obtenus etant genotypiquement comparables aux plants de semis, ils pourraient etre utilises a defaut comme porte-greffes. Par ailleurs, a l' inverse des cotyledons, et outre les plants obtenus, on a constate une grande diversite de cals qui pourraient etre utilises pour l' embryogenese somatique et eventuellement pour l' isolement de protoplastes. Ainsi, la culture in vitro du pistachier a partir de materiel foliaire juvenile ouvre de larges horizons a la multiplication et a l' amelioration de cette culture. A ce propos, l' hybridation somatique de protoplastes serait une technique de choix pour le croisement de cultivars femelles et l' association de caracteres agronomiques particuliers. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-074547 Record 25 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. OT: Microgreffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi,-A.; Kchouk,-M.L.; Mliki,-A.; Ghorbel,-A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Pistacia vera L. presente des difficultes de bouturage, de greffage et meme de transplantation. De plus, l' entree en production de cette culture est assez tardive (huit a dix ans). Pourtant, le pistachier possede des facultes d' adaptation varietale peu communes car il supporte divers sols (acides, calcaires, gypseux), de faibles pluviometries et pousse a des altitudes allant du niveau de la mer jusqu' a plus de 1000 m. La culture in vitro du pistachier vrai s' est elle-meme heurtee a diverses difficultes, et ce, malgre les recents travaux entrepris au laboratoire qui ont permis de surmonter un grand nombre d' entre elles, et en particulier, de produire massivement le pistachier a partir de cotyledons et de feuilles in vitro. Toutefois, les plants ainsi obtenus sont comparables aux plants de semis. Ainsi, afin de produire massivement des plants identiques au cultivar d' origine, nous nous sommes interessees a la technique de microgreffage in vitro et ex vitro du cv. Mateur. Les resultats montrent que les pourcentages de succes ont ete plus eleves lorsque les greffons proviennent de vitropousses issues d' apex meristematiques in vitro et cultivees sur le milieu Zygotic (Ra-Z) contenant 1,0 mg l-1 de BAP, 0,2 mg l-1 AIB et 0,05 mg l-1 ANA. Ces greffons doivent etre greffes en fente sur des porte-greffes de 0,2-0,3 cm de diametre, issus de semis cultives en serre. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-074546 Record 26 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Current situation of research into the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). AU: Couceiro,-J.F.; Coronado,-J.M.; Mendiola,-M.A. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: Since 1987 the CMA (Agricultural Improvement Centre) El Chaparrillo has conducted different activities to determine the real possibilities of adapting the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) to the region of Castilla-La Mancha. During the ten-year period, the initial interesting theoretical expectations regarding its introduction have been confirmed in the experimental plots with studies on phenology, propagation, production, etc. In the region, there has been a significant and steady rise in farmers' interest in the crop. This was demonstrated by the fact that over the last two years almost 200 ha of Pistacia terebinthus L. have been sown in regular plantations, on which Kerman, Napoletana, Peter and 02-18 cultivars will be grafted in the next two years. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-073638 Record 27 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Introduction of Pistachio Research and Application Centre founded at University of Harran. AU: Ak,-B.E. CA: 10. GREMPA Seminar. Meknes (Morocco). 14-17 Oct 1996. SO: Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Paris (France); FAO, Rome (Italy); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc, Rabat (Morocco). X GREMPA Seminar. Xeme Colloque du GREMPA. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1998. LA: En (English) ENAB: On 8 April 1996 the Pistachio Research and Application Centre was founded at the University of Harran, in Sanliurfa. Sanliurfa has a very important position at GAP region (Southern Anatolia Project) in Turkey. It is also a very important centre for pistachio cultivation. In this paper the following questions will be answered: Why the Pistachio Research and Application Centre is founded in Sanliurfa and at Harran University? What are the objectives, duties and proposal projects to improve Pistachio Culture not only in Turkey but also in the world?. RE: See Also: 1999-075712 AN: 1999-073637 Record 28 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson,-M.T.; Shackel,-K.A. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1998). v. 123(6) p. 1069-1075. LA: En (English) ENAB: Whole-tree effects of alternate bearing on the reproductive growth, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio (scion Pistacia vera L., rootstock Pistacia atlantica Desf.) were examined. Although it is generally accepted that the "off" year in pistachio may be used to accumulate carbohydrate reserves, it was found that starch and sugars from the "off" year equaled only 8% of the construction cost of the "on" year's fruit load. The dry mass increase in perennial woody tissue of roots, trunk and branches in the "off" year (20.2 kg/tree), was 75% of the mass of fruit in "on" trees (26.4 kg/tree). When construction cost of wood and fruit is considered, "off" year woody tissue growth is 64% of "on" year fruit growth. Since previous studies have shown that leaf dry mass is generally 30% greater in "off" than "on" pistachio trees, we conclude that the overall production of biomass in "off" and "on' year pistachio is similar. Therefore, we suggest that the "off" year is not a period of substantial storage carbohydrate accumulation, but rather a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. This is consistent with ecologically based theories of the adaptive advantage of masting behavior, and suggests that withholding water and fertilizer during the "off" year may not harm "on" year yield. AN: 1999-067738 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 29 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Fruiting and shading effects on metabolic heat rates of inflorescence buds, current-year, and one-year-old shoots of 'Kerman" pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Breidenbach,-R.W. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1998). v. 123(6) p. 961-966. LA: En (English) ENAB: Isothermal microcalorimetric measurements of metabolic heat rates of 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) individual inflorescence buds, current-year and 1-year-old shoots were used to investigate the roles of current and reserve photosynthates in the abscission of inflorescence buds. In the early stages of development metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds were two and three times those of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots respectively. Individual shoot organs (1-year-old shoots, current-year shoots, and inflorescence buds) sampled from "on" trees had higher metabolic heat rates than similar individual organs sampled from "off" trees. Artificial shading of pistachio trees for 14 days in early June depressed metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds within 24 h, but there was a delay of 4 days before the decline in metabolic heat rates of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots. This suggests that metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds apparently depended on currently fixed photosynthates. AN: 1999-067737 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 30 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Determination of aflatoxin levels in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescence detection. AU: Pearson,-S.M.; Candlish,-A.A.G.; Aidoo,-K.E.; Smith,-J.E. SO: Biotechnology-Techniques (United Kingdom). (1999). v. 13(2) p. 97-99. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-056514 Record 31 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: [Preliminary study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) and its associated natural enemies in some regions of Syria]. OT: dira:sat> ' awwaliyat> 3ala h"as"arat> basi:la: al-fustuq al-h"alabiy Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) wa-' a3da:' iha: al-h' ayawi:yat> fi: ba3d* al-mana:t*iq al-su:riyyat>. AU: Lababidi,-M.S.; Zebitz,-C.P. SO: Maj"allat>-wiqa:yat>-al-naba:t-al-3arabiyyat> (Lebanon). Arab Journal of Plant Protection. (1995). v. 13(2) p. 62-68. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: An ecological study was conducted, during 1994, on the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) in four regions in Syria. The percentage of infestation with the pest had reached 100 in all regions but at different times; as 100 infestation was reached on May 1st, July 10, July 24 and August 7 in Al-Muselmiya, Jarablus, Al-Bab and Morek, respectively. The pest occured between the 1st week of April to the end of October with a peak abundance during the 1st week of May in Al-Muselmiya, 4th week in Al-Bab, 3rd week in Jarablus and the 4th in Morek, respectively. Pistachio psyllid overwintered as adults under bark and in cervices of pistachio trees for 5 month, from the end of October to the end of March. Many beneficial insects were found in pistachio orchards in Syria, as natural enemies of A. targionii. The 4th and 5th nymph instars were attacked by a dipteran endoparasitoid. Rate of parasitism ranged from 1.2 to 85 in all regions under field conditions. AN: 1999-052254 Record 32 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Effect of thidiazuron on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio embryos. AU: Vatanpour,-A.; Villiers,-T.A. SO: Davey,-M.R.; Alderson,-P.G.; Lowe,-K.C.; Power,-J.B. (eds.). Tree biotechnology: towards the millennium. Nottingham (United Kingdom). Nottingham University Press. 1998. p. 155-161. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-039748 Record 33 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Carbohydrate content of inflorescent buds of defruited and fruiting pistachio (Pistacia vera L) branches in relation to biennial bearing. AU: Vemmos,-S.N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology (United Kingdom). (1999). v. 74(1) p. 94-100. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-030507 Record 34 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from roasted pistachio nuts. AU: Palazoglu,-T.K.; Balaban,-M.O. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1998). v. 41(3) p. 679-684. LA: En (English) ENAB: Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6, and 34.5 MPa and temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 degrees C with ethanol (0, 5, and 10 wt%) as entrainer. Highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60 degrees C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data was analyzed by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature did not affect the extraction yield Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concentration had a curvilinear effect. The following equation adequately represented the experimental data (r2 = 0.94): % Yield = 52.14 + 9.707 x P + 21.164 x EtOH - 11.049 x EtOH2. The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO2 at 34.5 MPa and 60 degrees C was 5 times higher in case of 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO2 alone (0.27 wt%). Difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavor intensity following SC-CO2 extraction. AN: 1999-026195 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 35 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Host acceptance by Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) an endoparasitoid of common pistachio psylla. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R.; Copland,-M.J.W. CA: The 6th European Congress of Entomology. Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). 23-29 Aug 1998. SO: Book of Abstracts 2. Proceedings of the 6th European Congress of Entomology. Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). Jihoceska Univerzita. 1998. v. 2: 332 p. (UZLK C 34.771/6/2) p. 564. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-020946 Record 36 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Alternate bearing affects nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and starch storage pools in mature pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance,-R.C.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Brown,-P.H. SO: Annals-of-Botany (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 82(4) p. 463-470. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-010713 Record 37 of 947 in AGRIS 1999-2001/08 TI: Multi-structure neural networks (MSNN) for classification of pistachio nuts. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J. SO: Win 1994. 16 p. LA: En (English) AN: 1999-007000 Record 38 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Tzoutzoukou,-C.G.; Pontikis,-C.A.; Tolia-Marioli,-A. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 73(4) p. 517-526. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-093645 Record 39 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Fatty acid oxidation of pistachio nuts stored under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. AU: Maskan,-M.; Karatas,-S. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (United Kingdom). (1998). v. 77(3) p. 334-340. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-093440 Record 40 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Selection of pistachio varieties adapted to the Northern Mediterranean region]. OT: Selection de varietes de pistachier adaptees a l' aire nord mediterraneenne. AU: Vargas,-F.J.; Romero,-M.A.; Monastra,-F.; Mendes-Gaspar,-A.; Rouskas,-D. SO: Germain,-E. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon (France). Unite de Recherches sur les Especes Fruitieres et la Vigne). Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Zaragoza (Spain). Institut Agronomique Mediterraneen; Commission Europeenne, Bruxelles (Belgium). Direction Generale Agriculture. [Breeding of nut species: walnuts, almonds, pistachios]. Amelioration d' especes a fruits a coque : noyer, amandier, pistachier. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1997. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Dans le cadre du projet CAMAR CT 90-0023 finance par l' Union Europeenne (1991-1995) le comportement de differentes varietes de pistachier a ete etudie en Espagne, en Grece, en Italie et au Portugal. Parallelement, des prospections ont ete realisees en Grece. Elles ont permis de preselectionner quelques types interessants. Cet article rassemble des informations sur 66 varietes (39 femelles et 27 males, originaires de 11 pays differents) : 53 sont en phase assez avancee de caracterisation et 13 dans leurs premieres annees d' etudes. Les caracteres agronomiques et commerciaux importants etudies sont : l' epoque de floraison, la vigueur, la periode juvenile, la productivite et divers caracteres du fruit (poids, rendement en amande, dehiscence, dimensions et forme). Pour toutes ces caracteristiques, de grandes differences ont ete observees entre varietes. AN: 1998-092590 Record 41 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Pistachio propagation]. OT: La multiplication du pistachier. AU: Aleta,-N.; Ninot,-A.; Rouskas,-D.; Zakinthinos,-G.; Avanzato,-D.; Mendes-Gaspar,-A. SO: Germain,-E. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon (France). Unite de Recherches sur les Especes Fruitieres et la Vigne). Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneennes, Zaragoza (Spain). Institut Agronomique Mediterraneen; Commission Europeenne, Bruxelles (Belgium). Direction Generale Agriculture. [Breeding of nut species: walnuts, almonds, pistachios]. Amelioration d' especes a fruits a coque : noyer, amandier, pistachier. Zaragoza (Spain). CIHEAM-IAMZ. 1997. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Les recherches menees dans le cadre du projet europeen CT 90-0023 sur la multiplication du pistachier ont porte sur les aspects suivants : germination des semences, bouturage semi-ligneux, techniques de greffage et production de plants greffes en conteneur. Ces etudes ont ete realisees sur differentes especes du genre Pistacia utilisables commo porte-greffes : P. atlantica, P. integerrima, P. palestina, P. terebinthus et P. vera. La germination et sa rapidite sont nettement ameliorees, pour les especes P. integerrima, P. palestina, P. terebinthus et P. vera, avec une stratification des semences au froid humide (2-4 degres C) pendant 30 jours, avant leur mise en germination a 20 degres C. Il est possible d' obtenir des boutures de P. atlantica, P. integerrima et P. terebinthus, provenants de pieds-meres etioles et enracines sous brouillard. La production de plants greffes en conteneur permet d' obtenir plus de 50 pour cent de plants greffes de qualite, en utilisant les porte-greffes P. atlantica et P. palestina. Cette technique n' est pas conseillee si l' on emploie P. vera comme porte-greffe. Le manque de vigueur donne des plants non commercialisables en fin d' annee. Le "chip budding" est le type de greffe le mieux adapte a ces especes pour la production de plants en conteneur et en pepiniere. Realise en mai-juin avec des greffons a oeil dormant conserves au froid, il permet d' avoir un taux de reussite au greffage eleve bien que celui-ci depende de la vigueur des porte-greffes. AN: 1998-091613 Record 42 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Oil composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) from Turkey. OT: Oelzusammensetzung von tuerkischen Pistazien (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Yildiz,-M.; Guercan,-S.T.; Oezdemir,-M. CA: TUEBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze (Turkey). Food Science and Technology Research Inst. SO: Fett-Lipid (Germany). (1998). v. 100(3) p. 84-86. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-088751 Record 43 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae) germplasm based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. AU: Hormaza,-J.I.; Pinney,-K.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Economic-botany (USA). (Jan-Mar 1998). v. 52(1) p. 78-87. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-082086 Record 44 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Fusarium semitectum on pistachio nut. Pathogenic and morphological characteristics [Pistacia vera - Latium]. OT: Fusarium semitectum su pistacchio. Caratteri patogenetici e morfologici [Pistacia vera - Lazio]. AU: Nalli,-R.; Balmas,-V. SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico (Italy). (Jul-Aug 1997). v. 47(7-8) p. 16-18. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Fusarium semitectum has been found, for the first time in the world, as canker and wilt causal agent of the pistachio nut leaders. The pathogenicity of a monosporic isolate of the fungus was confirmed by artificial inoculation. A morphological study of the fungus was carried out in vitro. AO: [Per la prima volta, a livello mondiale, si e' riscontrato che Fusarium semitectum e' un agente di cancri e seccumi nei rami di pistacchio. La patogenicita' di un isolato monosporico del fungo e' stata confermata tramite inoculazione artificiale. E' stato condotto uno studio morfologico del fungo in vitro]. AN: 1998-072669 Record 45 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Etiological study of dieback and canker of Pistachio nut tree in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan,-S.M.; Abusaidi,-D. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology-[official-Journal-of-the-Iranian-Phythopathological-society] (Iran Islamic Republic). (1997). v. 33(1,2) p. 5. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 1998-072668 Record 46 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Seasonal changes in total nonstructural carbohydrates within branches and roots of naturally "off" and "on" 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Nishijima,-C. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1997). v. 122(6) p. 856-862. LA: En (English) ENAB: The objective of this investigation was to determine the dynamics of carbohydrate use as revealed by soluble sugar and starch concentration in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary scaffold branches and roots (less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter) of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) trees that were in their natural bearing cycles. Two hypotheses were tested. First, carbohydrate concentration is greater early in the growing season in organs examined from heavily cropping ("on") than light cropping ("off") trees. This hypothesis was affirmed as judged by soluble sugar and starch concentration in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary branches and roots of "on" compared to "off" trees. Second, carbohydrate concentration remains high in "on" tree organs as the first wave of inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurs early in the growing season. This hypothesis was also affirmed. In fact, soluble sugars and starch remained high in "on" trees through full bloom FB + 60 days (FB + 60) as inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurred. In the persisting "on" tree inflorescence buds, sharp decreases in soluble sugars and starch were evident by the final sample date when "off" tree inflorescence buds contained a 13 times greater concentration of soluble sugars and starch than "on" tree buds. At that time, "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 50% more dry mass than "on" tree inflorescence buds. After FB + 60, "on" tree soluble sugars and starch declined in all organs as nut growth occurred. During the same time period, organs of "off" trees began to accumulate greater concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and exceeded concentrations measured in organs of "on" trees. AN: 1998-059593 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 47 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Macronutrient allocation to leaves and fruit of mature, alternate-bearing pistachio trees: magnitude and seasonal patterns at the whole-canopy level. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Brown,-P.H.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Muraoka,-T.T. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1997). v. 122(2) p. 267-274. LA: En (English) ENAB: Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in six (three heavily cropping, on-year and three noncropping, off-year) mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L. 'Kerman') trees over three growing seasons during three stages of phenology [the spring growth flush (April to June); seed fill (late June to September); and leaf senescence (September to November)]. Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruit), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruit, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs, and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruit) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by a net decrease in the N and P contents of the pericarp. These decreases in pericarp nutrient content during seed fill were equivalent to 32% and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P, and K during the spring flush of "on" years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P, and K contents per tree. Net leaf N, Ca, and Mg resorption per tree during leaf senescence differed with crop load. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following "off" years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. AN: 1998-059589 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 48 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Leaf development, dry matter accumulation, and distribution within branches of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima,-M.D.S.; Martin,-G.C.; Nishijima,-C. SO: American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1997). v. 122(1) p. 31-37. LA: En (English) ENAB: We investigated the development of leaf area (LA) and the distribution of dry matter within branches of 25-year-old, alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees that were in their natural "on" (heavy) or "off" (light) bearing cycles to determine the immediate and delayed effects of fruiting on shoot growth. Compared to "off" trees, individual leaves of "on" trees were greater in number and expanded twice as fast during the first 30 days after full bloom (FB) (FB + 30). Mature, fully expanded leaves of "on" trees were smaller (124.1 +/- 3.26 cm2) than those from "off" tree (16.3 +/0 3.40 cm2), indicating delayed demands of fruiting on initial leaf growth. Total LA per current shoot was greater in "on" than "off" trees because shoots of "on" trees averaged eight leaves, compared with six for "off", trees. More inflorescence buds per shoot (seven vs. three buds) abscised from "on" than from "off" trees. About 60% of the young developing nuts had abscised by FB + 30 when they weighed < 250 mg each and another 25% abscised between FB + 30 and FB + 60 when individual nuts weighed approximately 400 mg. The average total dry mass (DM) of individual branches of "on" trees increased 1322% (5.9 to 83.9 g) compared to 598% (4.2 to 29.3 g) in "off" trees. Besides nuts, leaves accumulated the greatest amount of dry matter within individual branches followed in decreasing order by current wood, 1-year old wood, and inflorescence buds. DMs of individual leaves of "on" trees averaged between 15% and 48% greater than leaves of "off" trees. "Off" trees invested 4.6 g of dry matter into individual 1-year-old wood and 2.1 g into current wood. "On" trees, however, invested 1.3 g of dry matter into 1-year-old wood and 4.3 g of dry matter into current wood. One-year-old wood was an important major source of carbohydrates for developing leaves, current wood, rachises, and nuts. AN: 1998-059588 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 49 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Success with in vitro multiplication and rooting of Pistachio nut. AU: Olivier,-J.J. SO: Neltropika-Bulletin (South Africa). (Jan 1998). (no.299) p. 30-31. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-058055 Record 50 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using Fourier descriptors. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J.; Kusalik,-A.; Romaniuk,-M. SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-Engineering-Research (United Kingdom). (1997). v. 68(3) p. 247-252. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-053899 Record 51 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Recent informations on alternate bearing of pistachio [Pistacia vera, Italy]]. OT: Recenti acquisizioni sull' alternanza di produzione del pistacchio [Pistacia vera, Italia]. AU: Marra,-F.P.; Motisi,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Dec 1996). v. 58(12) p. 53-55. Received 1997. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: A review on alternate bearing in pistachio is reported. The specific causes of alternate bearing have not yet been determined, but it has been demonstrated that the presence of fruit greatly affects inflorescence bud abscission. Competions for carbohydrates and mineral elements seem to be involved, however a role of hormones cannot be excluded. Most recent Italian studies on alternate bearing are also reported, where the role of reserves in critical stages of vegetative season is shown. The need of adequate cultural practices, including mineral nutrition and irrigation, for the reduction of alternate bearing in Italian pistachio orchards is stressed. AO: Si riporta una rassegna sullo stato dell'arte della ricerca sull'alternanza di produzione nel pistacchio. Sebbene non sia ancora del tutto chiarita nei meccanismi, l'alternanza di produzione sembra essere il risultato di competizioni per i carboidrati e per gli elementi minerali. Non puo' comunque essere escluso un ruolo degli ormoni vegetali. Si riportano inoltre le piu' recenti acquisizioni della ricerca svolta in Italia sulle competizioni nutrizionali tra gli organi riproduttivi e vegetativi in relazione al fenomeno. Si evidenzia l'importante ruolo svolto dalle riserve sul bilancio complessivo della sostanza secca nella pianta in momenti particolarmente critici della stagione vegetativa. Dal punto di vista applicativo emerge l'importanza dell'adozione di pratiche colturali razionali, incluse l'irrigazione e la concimazione, anche nell'anno di scarica. AN: 1998-049794 Record 52 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Descriptors for pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)]. OT: Descripteurs du Pistachier (Pistacia vera L.). CA: Institut International des Ressources Phytogenetiques, Rome (Italy). SO: Rome (Italy). IPGRI. 1997. 53 p. LA: Fr (French) RE: Translation AN: 1998-037414 Record 53 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Descriptors for Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). CA: International Plant Genetic Resources Inst., Rome (Italy). SO: Rome (Italy). IPGRI. 1997. 51 p. LA: En (English) AN: 1998-037413 Record 54 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Maintaining quality of bulk-handled, unhulled pistachio nuts. AU: Thompson,-J.F.; Rumsey,-T.R.; Spinoglio,-M. SO: Applied-engineering-in-agriculture (USA). (Jan 1997). v. 13(1) p. 65-70. LA: En (English) ENAB: Laboratory studies revealed that staining of pistachio nut shells increases with increasing temperature and increasing holding times. Unhulled pistachio nuts varied in their susceptibly to staining. Some nuts can be held for more than 32 h at 40 degrees C without increases in shell staining, others are damaged after only 16 h. In solid-sided bulk trailers unhulled pistachio nuts were shipped to the processor with no average increase in shell staining. Nuts can cool in highway transport, particularly if they are shipped in pallet bins, mesh-sided trailers, or solid sided trailers with vent pipes. Highway transport can be a method of cooling nuts if processing equipment breakdowns cause hulling delays. AN: 1998-005643 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 55 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: [Evaluation of varieties of pistachio for resistance to the Psyllid insect Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Homoptera:Psyllidae) under field condition in Syria]. AU: Lababidi,-M.; Ammoneh,-H. SO: Bassel-Al-Assad-Journal-for-the-Sciences-of-Agricultural-Engineering (Syria). (Sep 1996). (no.2) p. 93-105. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 1998-001699 Record 56 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Pistacia chinensis: Chinese pistachio. AU: Anderson,-R. SO: Arbor-age (USA). (Aug 1997). v. 17(8) p. 28. LA: En (English) AN: 97-160498 Record 57 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effect of selected pistachio pollen on development and quality of pistachio nuts of three commercially grown cultivars. AU: Riazi,-G.; Rahemi,-M.; Khanizadeh,-S. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1996). v. 19(3/4) p. 635-641. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effect of pollen of two wild pistachio species (Pistacio atlantica and Pistacio mutica), two cultivated (Pistacio vera, cvs 'Momtaz' and 'Soltani') and a control (open pollinated) was compared on nut development and quality of three commercially grown cultivars (P. vera cvs. 'Owhadi', 'Kalleh-ghuchi', and 'Momtaz'). The pollen source had no effect on final fruit set and fruit weight. Pollen of wild pistachio species reduced kernel weight, number of split nuts, and increased percentages of blank nuts of three commercially grown pistachio cultivars. 'Owhadi' had the lowest nut weight and highest percentages of blank nuts. The highest percentages of split nut was observed on the cultivar 'Momtaz'. AN: 97-145418 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 58 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Sorption characteristics of whole pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Maskan,-M.; Karatas,-S. SO: Drying-technology (USA). (1997). v. 15(3/4) p. 1119-1139. LA: En (English) AN: 97-124700 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 59 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Allergy to pistachio: crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae. AU: Fernandez,-C.; Fiandor,-A.; Martinez-Garate,-A.; Martinez-Quesada,-J. SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy (United Kingdom). (1995). v. 25(12) p. 1254-1259. LA: En (English) AN: 97-113119 Record 60 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Grading pistachio nuts using a neural network approach. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J.; Kusalik,-A. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (Nov-Dec 1996). v. 39(6) p. 2319-2324. LA: En (English) ENAB: A multi-structure neural network (MSNN) classifier was proposed and applied to classify four varieties (classes) of pistachio nuts. The MSNN classifier consisted of four parallel discriminators (one per class), followed by a maximum selector. Each discriminator was a feed-forward neural network with two hidden layers and a single-neuron output layer. The discriminators were individually trained using physical attributes of the nuts extracted from their images as input. The performance of MSNN classifier was compared with the performance of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLNN) classifier. The average classification accuracy of MSNN classifier was 95.9%, an increase of over 8.9% of the performance of MLNN. AN: 97-112438 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 61 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Plant regeneration from encapsulated embryoids and an embryogenic mass of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay,-A.; Jeffree,-C.E.; Yeoman,-M.M. SO: Plant-Cell-Reports (Germany). (1996). v. 15(9) p. 723-726. LA: En (English) AN: 97-087868 Record 62 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Isolation of Phytophthora cf. drechsleri from infected pistachio trees with gummosis symptoms in Kerman. AU: Aminaee,-M.M.; Ershad,-D. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-10th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-1-5-Sep.-1991-Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). p. 106. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077903 Record 63 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: A study of integrated control of Pistachio gummosis. AU: Mehdizadeh,-R.; Sharifi-Tehrani,-A. CA: Tehran univ., Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 225. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077881 Record 64 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Evaluation of certain fungicides on Pistachio gummosis caused by Phytophthora spp. AU: Sharifi-Tehrani,-A.; Mehdizadeh,-R. CA: Tehran Univ., Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 231. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077851 Record 65 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: The first record of Hymenoptera parasitoids of scale insects on Pistachio in Iran. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Rajabi,-A. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 212. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077483 Record 66 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: The first record of one psyllid species and several Hymenoptera parasitoids on Pistachio Psyllid from Iran. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Mehrnejad,-M.R. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 211. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077482 Record 67 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Predators of scale insects on pistachio tree in the Kerman province. AU: Yazdani,-A.; Ebrahimi,-J. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Department, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 210. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077481 Record 68 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Eriophyid mites of pistachio orchards in Kerman province. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R.; Daneshvar,-H. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-10th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-1-5-Sep.-1991-Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). p. 92. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077442 Record 69 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Response of pistachio psylla to sticking colored traps. AU: Emami,-Y. CA: Agricultural Research Center of Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-11th-Plant-Protection-Congress-of-Iran-28-Aug.-2-Sep.-1993-Rasht (Iran Islamic Republic). (1993). p. 184. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-077346 Record 70 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Determination of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio kernels and shells. AU: Scholten,-J.M.; Spanjer,-M.C. SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International (USA). (Nov-Dec 1996). v. 79(6) p. 1360-1364. LA: En (English) ENAB: A method was developed for accurate measurement of aflatoxin B1 in the edible portion of pistachio nuts. Twenty-nine samples of kernels with and without their shells were slurried with a Mega Ultra Turrax. A subsample of the homogenate was extracted with water-methanol, defatted with petroleum ether, purified with a silica solid-phase extraction column, and redissolved in methanol. After separation on an octadecyl column and postcolumn reaction with on-line electrochemically generated bromine, the aflatoxin B1 derivative was detected fluorometrically. The shells contained less than 1% of the aflatoxin B1 found in the edible kernel, and they accounted for 41.7-46.8% of the weight of the whole pistachio. These observations indicate it is possible to analyze an entire sample, up to 25 kg, as a whole and still be able to judge whether it meets the legal tolerance limit of 5 microgram aflatoxin B1/kg edible part, as set by the Dutch Food Act. AN: 97-070028 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 71 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Phytopathogenic fungi in Southern Italy. 12: Anthracnosis of pistachio nut [Pistacia vera, Sicily]. OT: Parassiti fungini delle piante dell' Italia meridionale. 12: L' antracnosi del pistacchio [Pistacia vera, Sicilia]. AU: Frisullo,-S.; Lops,-F.; Carlucci,-A.; Camele,-I. SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico (Italy). (Jul-Aug 1996). v. 46(7-8) p. 45-47. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Some alterations were observed on leaves, cluster rachis and fruits of pistachio nut plants (Pistacia vera L.) in Southern Italy in 1995. Diseased leaves showed necrotic spots often located close to the veins. Cluster rachis exhibited a dry rot which originated at connection point of fruit on peduncle and extended to intere rachis. Epicarp of altered nut was wrinkled and showed several fungus pustules, which were immersed in mesocarp and covered by a thin esocarp layer. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauling et van Schrenk (anamorph of Colletotrichum gloeosporidies (Penz.) Penz. et Sacc.) was consistently isolated from naturally infected material. Symptoms very like those observed on naturally infected pistachio fruits were reproduced in artificial inoculation tests done on wounded or intact healthy grapes. AO: ITALIANO: Nel 1995 sono state osservate, in alcune colture di pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.) dell'Italia meridionale, alterazioni a carico delle foglie, rachidi del grappolo e drupe. Le foglie colpite mostravano macchie necrotiche piu' frequentemente in prossimita' delle nervature. Il rachide dei grappoli era interessato da un marciume secco che aveva inizio dal punto di attacco della drupa sul peduncolo e poi si propagava su tutto il rachide stesso. L'epicarpo delle drupe colpite dalla malattia si presentava di aspetto raggrinzito e cosparso da numerose pustole fungine, immerse nel mesocarpo e coperte da un sottile strato dell'esocarpo. Dal materiale naturalmente infetto e' stato costantemente isolata la specie fungina Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauling et van Schrenk (anamorpho di Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) et Sacc.). Prove di inoculazione artificiale, eseguite con e senza ferite sui grappoli, hanno riprodotto una sintomatologia simile a quella osservata in natura. AN: 97-063332 Record 72 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Effect of salinity on growth and asexual reproduction by Phytophthora spp. the cause of pistachio gummosis. AU: Tabatabai,-S.A.R.; Banihashemi,-Z. CA: Shiraz Univ., Shiraz (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 239. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-049409 Record 73 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Interaction between salinity and Phytophthora root rot of pistachio. AU: Tabatabai,-S.A.R.; Banihashemi,-Z. CA: Shiraz Univ., Shiraz (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic REpublic). (1995). p. 240. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-049371 Record 74 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso,-T.; Inglese,-P.; Motisi,-A.; Sottile,-F. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1996). v. 71(6) p. 919-924. LA: En (English) AN: 97-047756 Record 75 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Classification of pistachio nuts using a string matching technique. AU: Ghazanfari,-A.; Irudayaraj,-J. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1996). v. 39(3) p. 1197-1202. LA: En (English) ENAB: A modified cyclic string matching algorithm was developed and applied to classify four classes of pistachio nuts, based on their two-dimensional shapes. In this method, a pistachio nut was represented by a string consisting of N angularly equispaced radii extending from the centroid to the boundary. An algorithm was also developed for determining a prototype for each class. The recognition algorithm, based on a string matching technique, calculated the cumulative distance between an unknown and a class prototype. The class of the unknown was determined by the minimum-distance classification rule. The developed algorithm gave an overall accuracy of 90%. This procedure could be extended to classify other agricultural materials. AN: 97-041731 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 76 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Machine vision detection of early split pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1996). v. 39(3) p. 1203-1207. LA: En (English) ENAB: Computer vision was used to detect early split lesions on the hull of pistachio nuts. Gray scale intensity profiles were computed across the width of the nut (perpendicular to the suture along the longitudinal axis). If the profile crossed an early split lesion, a deep and narrow valley on the profile at the early split location was observed. Profiles were computed every 0.5 mm along the longitudinal axis of the nut and the number of adjacent profiles with deep and narrow valleys was recorded. Early split nuts contained a significantly higher count of these adjacent profiles than normal nuts. Combining unhulled nut cross-sectional area with the adjacent profile data, 100% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts were correctly classified of the total of 180 nuts tested Two devices were developed to convey and orient unhulled pistachio nuts for presentation to a computer vision system. One device, which operated similarly to an "air hockey" table, correctly oriented 98% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts. The other device, which used vibration to convey and orient the nut in a "V" trough, correctly oriented 97% of the early split nuts and 98% of the normal nuts. A total sample size of 270 nuts was used to test each orientation device. AN: 97-041346 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 77 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) a new insect pest for the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Greece. OT: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) ena neo gia ti fistikia (Pistacia vera L.) epivlabes eidos stin Ellada. AU: Tsourgianni,-A.; Chitzanidou,-A.; Mourikis,-A.P. SO: Chronika-Benakeiou-Fytopathologikou-Inst. (Greece). (1994). v. 17(1) p. 107-110. LA: El (Greek); En (English) AN: 97-034226 Record 78 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Biology of the carob moth (Apomyelois Ceratoniae) a new pest of Pistachio in Rafsanjan. AU: Mehrnejad,-M.R. CA: Agricultural Research Center, Kerman Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Applied-Entomology-and-Phytopathology-Publication-of-Plant-Pests-and-Diseases-Research-Institute (Iran Islamic Republic). (Feb 1993). v. 60(1-2) p. 1. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-034159 Record 79 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Evaluation of field sampling techniques for estimation of bird damage in pistachio orchards. AU: Crabb,-A.C.; Marois,-J.J.; Salmon,-T.P. SO: Vertebrate-Pest-Conference (USA). (Aug 1994). (no. 16th) p. 335-344. LA: En (English) AN: 97-019707 Record 80 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Survival of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) during pistachio processing. AU: Johnson,-J.A.; Gill,-R.F.; Valero,-K.A.; May,-S.A. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Feb 1996). v. 89(1) p. 197-203. LA: En (English) ENAB: The potential survival of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), in pistachios after commercial processing was estimated by sampling nuts from 2 different driers. In total, 1,980 kg of pistachios (approximately 880,000 open nuts) were sampled over 3 yr. No live navel orangeworm were found and only 1 dead adult was discovered. Samples from drum driers, which received floaters, had an average of 10.7 dead navel orangeworm per kilogram of nuts, whereas samples from the fan driers had an average of 1.9 dead navel orangeworm per kilogram of nuts. The occurrence of moths in traps baited with virgin, laboratory-reared females suggests that some navel orangeworm survive processing, but it was not possible to determine the source of the moths. Commercial pistachio drying was simulated in a forced-air oven with an air temperature of 90 degrees C. Nut temperatures during laboratory oven drying exceeded 60 degrees C after 45 min, when nut moisture levels were > 26%. Nut temperatures were > 60 degrees C for 2.25 h before nut moisture content approached appropriate storage levels. Limited survival of navel orangeworm eggs (2.82%) and pupae (3.33%) occurred after 30 min of oven exposure, when not all nut temperatures had exceeded 60 degrees C. No navel orangeworm survived oven exposures of 1 h or longer. Our results show that survival of navel orangeworm in processed pistachios is very low and should not be of major concern to processors. AN: 97-019621 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 81 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in cultured immature kernels of Pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay,-A.; Jeffre,-C.E.; Yeoman,-M.M. SO: Plant-Cell-Reports (Germany). (1995). v. 15(3-4) p. 192-195. LA: En (English) AN: 97-016847 Record 82 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) to Six Postemergence Graminicides in Pistachio Orchards in Kerman Province. AU: Lahsaeizadeh,-A. CA: Kerman Zamin Co., Kerman (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 256. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-006094 Record 83 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Pre and post-emergence damping- off of pistachio caused by Rhizoctonia solani. AU: Ashkan,-M.; Abusaidi,-D. CA: Dep. of Plant Protection, Pistachio Research Institute Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 219. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-005729 Record 84 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Distribution of Phytophthora species causing crown and root rot of pistachio in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan,-M.; Abusaidi,-D. CA: Dep. of Plant Protection, Pistachio Research Institute Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 218. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-005728 Record 85 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Species and races of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on pistachio. AU: Madani,-M.; Ashkan,-A. CA: Tarbiat Modarres Univ., Tehran (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 248. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-004945 Record 86 of 947 in AGRIS 1997-1998 TI: Studies on the effect of main geographical directions attacting the pistachio psyllia (Agonoscena targioni) to traps. AU: Yahya-Emami,-S. CA: Pistachio Research Institute, Rafsanjan (Iran Islamic Republic). SO: Proceedings-of-the-12th-Iranian-Plant-Protection-Congress-2-7-September-1995-Karadj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1995). p. 197. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 97-004928 Record 87 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Effect of rootstock on vegetative development and nutrient status of pistachio cv. Bianca [Sicily]. OT: Effetto del portinnesto sullo sviluppo vegetativo e sullo stato nutrizionale del pistacchio cv. Bianca [Sicilia]. AU: Caruso,-T.; Giovannini,-D.; Barone,-E. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 57-60. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and nutritional status were recorded during a three-year experiment under dry farming condition on Sicilian pistachio cultivar Bianca budded on height in vitro propagated clonal rootstocks (P. atlantica and P. integerrima) and one seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). Some significant differences due to the rootstock were detected. No particular mineral deficiency was observed. Integerrima clone no. 2 proved to be the most vigorous among the tested rootstocks. AO: ITALIANO: [Nel corso di un esperimento triennale in coltura asciutta sono stati raccolti i dati relativi all'area della sezione del tronco (TCSA) e allo stato nutrizionale della cv. siciliana di pistacchio Bianca, innestata a gemma su otto portinnesti clonali (P. atlantica e P. integerrima) propagati in vitro e uno derivante da seme (P. terebinthus). Sono state osservate alcune differenze significative dovute al portinnesto. Non sono state registrate carenze minerali particolari. Il clone n. 2 Integerrima si e' dimostrato il piu' vigoroso fra i portinnesti saggiati]. AN: 96-155662 Record 88 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Alternate bearing influences annual nutrient consumption and the total nutrient content of mature pistachio trees. AU: Brown,-P.H.; Weinbaum,-S.A.; Picchioni,-G.A. SO: Trees (Germany). (1995). v. 9(3) p. 158-164. LA: En (English) AN: 96-155661 Record 89 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Traits of photosynthetic activity of almond and pistachio [Apulia]]. OT: Caratteristiche dell' attivita' fotosintetica di mandorlo e pistacchio [Puglia]. AU: Palma,-L.-de; Novello,-V. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 55-56. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-155659 Record 90 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Irrigation trials on pistachio at different irrigation rates [Basilicata]]. OT: Prove di irrigazione del pistacchio con differenti volumi irrigui [Basilicata]. AU: Monastra,-F.; Avanzato,-D.; Martelli,-S.; Dascanio,-R. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (May 1996). v. 58(5) p. 71-72. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-152625 Record 91 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [The opportunities of development of pistachio crop in Southern Italy [Sicily]. Technical and productive trends]. OT: Possibilita' di sviluppo della pistacchicoltura nel Mezzogiorno d' Italia [Sicilia]. Indirizzi tecnici e produttivi. AU: Caruso,-T.; Motisi,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Jan 1996). v. 58(1) p. 9-17. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: World pistachio production growth in the last twenty years gives an opportunity also to Italian pistachios. An analysis of technical and commercial perspectives of the pistachio industry in the Country is reported. Productive and commercial issues are discussed, primarily focused on green-kernel pistachios for use in pastry and food manufacturing, of which Italy is the main producer. The opportunities of an expansion of pistachio growing in new areas are discussed, particularly form the view-point of the exploitation of salt- or alkali-affected lands and waters. Most relevant new production technologies and achievements in breeding are reported and recommended for their introduction in orchards. AO: ITALIANO: La forte espansione della produzione di pistacchio nel mondo lascia prevedere una opportunita' anche per il pistacchio italiano. Si riferisce delle possibilita' tecniche e produttive per il rilancio della coltura nel nostro Paese. Gli aspetti produttivi e commerciali sono esaminati con particolare riferimento al pistacchio verde da industria, del quale l'Italia e' attualmente il maggiore produttore. Si discute delle possibilita' di espansione in regioni diverse da quelle attualmente in coltura, soprattutto per valorizzare territori con problemi di alcalinita' e salinita' dei suoli e delle acque. Si riferisce delle piu' recenti innovazioni, conseguite sia nel settore della tecnica che nel campo del miglioramento genetico, che possono essere introdotte in coltura. AN: 96-151267 Record 92 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Hull adhesion characteristics of early-split and normal pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Applied-engineering-in-agriculture (USA). (Mar 1996). v. 12(2) p. 219-221. LA: En (English) ENAB: The hull adhesion properties of early-split and normal pistachio nuts were studied to determine the feasibility of separating early-split nuts from normal nuts by their hulling characteristics. The hulls of pistachio nuts were found to adhere more tightly to the shells of early-split nuts than to normal nuts. Laboratory hulling tests on pistachio nuts harvested in 1993 indicated that under controlled conditions, 98% of the normal nut hulls were removed while only 9% of the early-split hulls were removed. AN: 96-146504 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 93 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Inflorescence bud growth, development and abscission in shoots of bearing and disbudded 'Bianca' pistachio trees. AU: Caruso,-T.; Fabbri,-A.; Giovannini,-D. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1995). v. 70(6) p. 857-866. LA: En (English) AN: 96-135253 Record 94 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Influence of manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of pistachio. AU: Tekin,-H.; Guzel,-N.; Ibrikci,-H. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1995). v. 18(6) p. 1263-1272. LA: En (English) ENAB: Economically valuable pistachio nut trees are extensively grown in the Southeastern part of Turkey. A great percentage of the total annual pistachio nut yield in Turkey is obtained from this region. However, fertility aspects of these pistachio trees have not been studied in detail. Thus, there is a need to determine the optimum fertilizer rates to increase the yield and quality of pistachio nuts. Fertilizer trials were conducted on an established 37 year-old-pistachio orchard. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers were applied in three and two rates, respectively. Potassium (K) was added to all trees as a basal rate. In addition, selected trees received air-dried sheep manure, and additional inorganic macro- and micro-nutrients as a foliar application at three different times during the course of experiment. Fertilizer treatments influenced the fruit yield, productivity, fruit size, percentages of dehisced fruit shell, and nutmeat. Positive effects of these treatments on leaf element content, N, P, and K, were also obtained. Fruit protein and oil contents were not influenced by addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers. AN: 96-094061 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 95 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Comparison between two pistachio rootstocks]. OT: Confronto fra due portinnesti di pistacchio. AU: Alberghina,-O. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (4 Apr 1996). v. 52(15) p. 55-57. LA: It (Italian) AN: 96-093799 Record 96 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Micropropagation of Pistachio: Pistacia vera cv. mateur [in Spain]. AU: Mederos,-S.; Trujillo,-I.; Lopez,-I. SO: Plant-Tissue-Culture (Bangladesh). (1994). v. 4(2) p. 111-116. LA: En (English) ENAB: Multiple axillary shoots were produced on explants of Pistacia vera cv. mateur cultured on modified MS medium (1/7 mM NH4+/NO-35) combination supplemented with BAP and NAA. The multiplication rate in decapitated whole shoots, when placed on the same medium was higher compared to apical and axillary bud explants. Shoots were successfully rooted on a half strength basal medium containing IBA. AN: 96-068014 Record 97 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Control of shoot-tip necrosis during in vitro establishment of shoots of Pistachio. AU: Mederos,-S.; Trukillo; Lopez,-I. SO: Plant-Tissue-Culture (Bangladesh). (1994). v. 4(2) p. 89-92. LA: En (English) ENAB: The most satisfactory protocol for in vitro establishment of shoots of Pistacia vera was obtained in solidified MS medium supplemented with 5mM NH4 NO3 plus 0.4 mg l-1 thiamine-HCl, 0.4 mg l-1 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 mg l-1 myoinositol, 30 g l-1 sucrose,10(6) MBAP combined with 5.1(-8) MNAA. In this culture medium, shoots were more vigorous free from shoot-tip necrosis as observed in previously recommended 1/2 MS medium. AN: 96-068013 Record 98 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Delaying anthesis of staminate pistachio with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis,-I.C.; Voyiatzis,-D.G. SO: HortScience-:-a-publication-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Aug 1993). v. 28(8) p. 814-816. LA: En (English) ENAB: Anthesis of an important staminate pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivar (B) in Greece was delayed by foliar paclobutrazol (PBZ) sprays applied in June or July the previous season. A September spray was ineffective. The amount of delay depended on dose (50 to 1000 mg PBZ/liter applied to incipient runoff). Using the same total amount of chemical, one spray was as effective as two sprays 1 month apart. There were no effects on inflorescence fresh weight, pollen production, and pollen germination. Stem elongation was inhibited strongly, but the number of nodes and flower buds per shoot was reduced only slightly. In Expt. 2, two other staminate cultivars (A and C) responded similarly to cultivar B. Treatment effects appeared only during the treatment year, whereas a soil drench was effective for 2 years. PBZ may be able to synchronize the blooming of staminate and pistillate pistachio cultivars and results in good fruit set without artificial pollination. AN: 96-067840 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 99 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio. AU: Swart,-W.J.; Botes,-W.M. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Oct 1995). v. 79(10) p. 1036-1038. LA: En (English) ENAB: Dieback of 3-year-old Pistacia vera L. trees, grafted onto P. atlantica rootstocks, was observed in trial plantings in the Prieska district of South Africa during the spring of 1992. Close examination of diseased trees revealed the presence of cankers on the lower part of the stem in the vicinity of the graft. Isolations from the margins of diseased tissue onto malt-extract agar consistently yielded black fungal colonies and pycnidia bearing mature conidia identified as belonging to the Sphaeropsis anamorph of Botryosphaeria obtusa. The fungus was shown to be highly virulent to three Pistacia species in pathogenicity tests in the field. Branches, measuring 5 mm in diameter, of P. atlantica, P. vera and P. integerrima developed mean cambial lesions measuring 53, 51, and 15 mm, respectively, 14 days after artificial inoculation with fungal mycelium. Wounding of branches prior to inoculation resulted in significantly larger cambial lesions. As far as we have been able to determine, there are no published reports of B. obtusa being associated with disease symptoms on cultivated pistachio trees. AN: 96-056699 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 100 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: RAPD polymorphisms among pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. AU: Dollo,-L.; Hormaza,-J.I.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1995). v. 49(3) p. 147-152. LA: En (English) AN: 96-053285 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 101 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: The relationship between date of hull splitting and decay of pistachio nuts by Aspergillus species. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Aug 1995). v. 79(8) p. 766-769. LA: En (English) ENAB: Atypical pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts that have split hulls, known as "early splits," frequently have kernels decayed by Aspergillus spp. In 1992 and 1993 pistachio nuts that had split hulls were marked in commercial orchards at approximately 2-week intervals. Depending on the orchard, 15 to 48% of the early splits had formed more than 4 weeks before harvest and 10 to 30% formed within 2 weeks before harvest. At harvest these nuts were also evaluated for kernel decay, insect infestation, and several physical characteristics. The incidence of decay caused by Aspergillus spp. (predominantly Aspergillus niger) was three times greater in the oldest early splits than in early splits formed in the period before harvest (no decay was found in normal nuts with nonsplit hulls). The oldest early splits also had the most shriveled hulls, which is a feature associated with aflatoxin contamination. At harvest the oldest early splits had less fruit fresh weight, lower kernel moisture, smaller shells, and more shell discoloration compared with early splits formed in the period before harvest and with normal nuts. These characteristics could be used to remove decayed nuts during processing. AN: 96-042141 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 102 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio. AU: Shuraki,-Y.D.; Sedgley,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(6) p. 1019-1027. LA: En (English) AN: 96-028406 Record 103 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Male performance in pistachio (Pistacia vera). AU: Martinez-Palle,-E.; Herrero,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(6) p. 1117-1122. LA: En (English) AN: 96-027469 Record 104 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [Contribution to the study of the in vitro propagation of the pistachio tree, Pistacia vera mateur]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de la multiplication in vitro du pistachier Pistacia vera mateur. AU: El-Mahboul,-B. CA: Ministere de l' Agriculture et de la Reforme Agraire, Agadir (Maroc). Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2. SO: Rabat (Maroc). 1988. 116 p. LA: Fr (French) AN: 96-001863 Record 105 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Aspergillus molds and aflatoxins in pistachio nuts in California. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jun 1994). v. 84(6) p. 583-590. LA: En (English) ENAB: A total of 14 Aspergillus species were isolated from the kernels of pistachio nuts, mainly early splits, from 11 commercial orchards in California in 1991 and 1992. Early splits are atypical nuts that have split hulls, exposing the kernel to invasion by molds and insects (normal nuts have intact hulls). A. niger was the only Aspergillus species that occurred frequently (in 30% of kernels from early splits). However, A. flavus or A. parasiticus (potential producers of the mycotoxins aflatoxins) were found in early splits from most orchards, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus (potential producers of the mycotoxins ochratoxins) were found in all orchards. Aflatoxins were detected in early splits from six of nine orchards in 1991 and five of eight orchards in 1992. Early splits with rough, shriveled hulls had more than twice the A. niger infection and more than three times as much A. flavus or A. parasiticus infection as early splits with smooth hulls. The rough early splits had over 99% of all the aflatoxins detected. Kernels infested by the insect navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) had substantially more infections by A. niger, A. flavus or A. parasiticus, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus and had 84% of all aflatoxin detected. The hulls of early splits frequently had low levels of aflatoxin. Hull rupture due to damage by birds or to cracking resulted in kernels infected with Aspergillus molds but at low levels. Fortunately, the pistachio nuts most likely to have mold and aflatoxin contamination, rough early splits infested with navel orangeworm had several physical characteristics (weight, size, shell discoloration, hull appearance) distinct from normal nuts that could facilitate removal during processing. AN: 95-155574 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 106 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of pistachio trees (cv. Aegenes) as influenced by fruiting. AU: Vemmos,-S.N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (United Kingdom). (1994). v. 69(5) p. 775-782. LA: En (English) AN: 95-152952 Record 107 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Determination of relatedness and geographical movements of Pistacia vera (Pistachio: Anacardiaceae) germplasm by RAPD analysis. AU: Hormaza,-J.I.; Dollo,-L.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Economic-botany (USA). (Oct-Dec 1994). v. 48(4) p. 349-358. LA: En (English) AN: 95-151872 Record 108 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Pistachio research in Central Australia : some agronomic and economic implications [Northern Territory]. AU: Hoult,-M.D.; Oliver,-M.R. SO: Darwin, N.T. (Australia). Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. 1990. 19 p. LA: En (English) AN: 95-149674 Record 109 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: collaborative study. AU: Trucksess,-M.W.; Stack,-M.E.; Nesheim,-S.; Albert,-R.H.; Romer,-T.R. SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International (USA). (Nov-Dec 1994). v. 77(6) p. 1512-1521. LA: En (English) AN: 95-144981 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 110 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Photosynthetic rates and solute partitioning in relation to growth of salt-treated pistachio plants [Pistacia vera cv. Kerman]. AU: Walker,-R.R.; Torokfalvy,-E.; Behboudian,-M.H. SO: Australian-Journal-of-Plant-Physiology (Australia). (1988). v. 15(6) p. 787-798. LA: En (English) ENAB: Growth rates, leaf photosynthetic rates, carbohydrate and ionic composition and partitioning were investigated in seedling pistachios treated under glasshouse conditions with salinities up to 175 mol per cu. m. Cl- and 105 mol per cu. m. and Na+. The results indicate that photosynthetic rate of expanded leaves, photoassimilate supply to, water relations of, and Cl- concentrations of expanding leaves are unlikely to be responsible for the growth reduction of pistachio plants observed at relatively high salinities. AN: 95-133283 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 111 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Separating "early-split" from "normal" pistachio nuts for removal of nuts contaminated on the tree with aflatoxin. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Sum 1993. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 95-124382 Record 112 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Physical properties of pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson,-T.C.; Slaughter,-D.C.; Studer,-H.E. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE (USA). (May-Jun 1994). v. 37(3) p. 913-918. LA: En (English) ENAB: Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split pistachio nuts. The hulls of early split pistachios abnormally split open several weeks before harvest, making the kernel more vulnerable to the aflatoxin producing mold Aspergillus flavus. The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were found to be shell staining and hull adhesion tendencies. Using shell stain characteristics and shell dimensions, an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of the early splits, and 97% of the normal nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early split nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of the early split nuts and only 5% of the nonsplit nuts from the rest of the samples. Nut mass, length, width, and height are significantly different between early split nuts and normal nuts, however, these properties cannot be used to accurately classify the nuts into split types. AN: 95-105100 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 113 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Free amino acids as indicators of little leaf in zinc deficiency in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cultivar 'Kerman'). AU: Durzan,-D.J. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Jan 1995). v. 60(3-4) p. 221-233. LA: En (English) AN: 95-079163 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 114 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Influence of rootstock on nutrient acquisition by pistachio. AU: Brown,-P.H.; Zhang,-Q.; Ferguson,-L. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1994). v. 17(7) p. 1137-1148. LA: En (English) ENAB: The influence of rootstock selection on leaf nutrient concentrations in commercial pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. 'Kerman') was studied. Five commercially important pistachio rootstocks were used. The pistachio rootstock Pistacia atlantica was clearly superior in enhancing leaf concentrations of the elements, boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) from a range of soil types. The influence of rootstock on leaf nutrient concentration was apparent both in grafted and non-grafted trees and was most pronounced when leaf nutrient levels were low. Leaf B, Cu, and Zn concentrations were from 1.2 to 2.4 times higher in pistachio grafted to P. atlantica than in those grafted on other rootstocks. For Cu and Zn, elements that are often deficient in Californian pistachio orchards, the choice of rootstock was sufficient to overcome visual deficiencies of these elements. In soils low in a particular element selection of rootstock may significantly influence management decisions and the need for fertilizer supplementation. Two hybrid rootstocks, in which the efficient rootstock P. atlantica was crossed with the inefficient P. integerrima, had lower leaf nutrient concentrations than the P. atlantica parent. The mechanism of nutrient efficiency was not identified though correlation analysis suggests separate characteristics are responsible for the enhancement of Zn uptake as compared to B or Cu uptake. Improvement in nutrient efficiency may be possible in future breeding programs. AN: 95-077988 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 115 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions and growth of salt-treated pistachio plants. AU: Walker,-R.R.; Torokfalvy,-E.; Behboudian,-M.H. SO: Australian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research (Australia). (1987). v. 38(2) p. 383-394. LA: En (English) ENAB: Shoot growth rates of Pistacia vera (scion cultivar) and P. atlantica (rootstock) were not affected by treatment with 30 mM NaCl. Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride were similar between the two species. However, the rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of sodium by P. atlantica were approximately 2-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, than in P. vera. The chloride and sodium accumulated in the shoots of both species was diluted by growth, with the result that there was no marked increase in leaf and stem chloride and sodium concentrations in either species with time. Sequentially increasing salinities up to a maximum of 150 mM chloride and 90 mM sodium had no significant effect on the dry matter production of rootstocks P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. Laminae chloride concentrations of both species increased as the level of salinity was incresed. Sodium concentrations in laminae of P. terebinthus showed a small but significant increase during treatment with the two highest salinity levels. Chloride concentrations on a tissue water basis were highest in laminae and petioles of salt-treated plants, whereas sodium concentrations were highest in roots. AN: 95-067147 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 116 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Development of Aspergillus molds in litter from pistachio trees. AU: Doster,-M.A.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Apr 1994). v. 78(4) p. 393-397. LA: En (English) AN: 95-036888 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 117 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of two pistachio cultivars as affected by boron and nitrogen application. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-plant-nutrition (USA). (1994). v. 17(1) p. 155-171. LA: En (English) ENAB: The combined effects of four nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 micrograms/g soil) and six boron (B) rates (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/g soil) on the growth and chemical composition of Kale-ghoochi, a cultivar of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) semi-tolerant to B toxicity, and Badami, a cultivar very sensitive to B toxicity, were studied in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. The application of 20 micrograms/g B has beneficial effects on leaf growth of the Kale-ghoochi cultivar. The toxic effect of B application greater than 40 micrograms/g on pistachio growth was alleviated by application of 50 and 100 micrograms N/g for Kale-ghoochi and Badami cultivars, respectively. The rate of B accumulation in pistachio shoots was reduced about 39% by N additions of 50 to 150 micrograms/g for Badami, and 24, 52, and 69% with N rates of 50, 100, and 150 micrograms/g for Kale-ghoochi, respectively. Therefore, when pistachio is grown in B-enriched soils and/or is irrigated with water of relatively high B content, it is recommended that the plants be supplied with adequate N. AN: 95-035406 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 118 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Fertilizer nitrogen and boron uptake, storage, and allocation vary during the alternate-bearing cycle in pistachio trees. AU: Weinbaum,-S.A.; Picchioni,-G.A.; Muraoka,-T.T.; Ferguson,-L.; Brown,-P.H. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1994). v. 119(1) p. 24-31. LA: En (English) ENAB: The effects of alternate bearing on recovery and loss of isotopically labeled fertilizer N and B and on the accumulation of carbohydrate and N reserves were assessed in mature 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. Total recovery of labeled fertilizer N applied once (in late January) was approximately 60% greater if applied to trees entering an 'off' than an 'on' year, with respect to fruiting. Eleven percent more labeled B was recovered in off- than on-year trees. Five times more N (1 vs. 0.2 kg N) was lost from the tree in fruit and senescent leaflets from on- than off-year trees. In dormant trees, 144% and 22% more starch and N reserves, respectively, were present after off than on years. Thus, on-year trees were characterized by a greater reproductive demand for N and carbohydrates, reduced accumulation of C and N (i.e., storage) reserves in perennial tree parts, and reduced recovery of January-applied labeled fertilizer N than off-year trees. As B is absorbed passively, the higher transpiration that may accompany the 43% larger leaf area per tree and the probability of increased root growth probably contributes to its increased uptake during off years. The enhanced labeled N recovery in early spring by trees entering their off year preceded fruit and seed development in on-year trees. The differential tree capacity for nutrient uptake in spring may have been conditioned the previous rather than the current year. The increased uptake of labeled N by trees entering in off year (i.e., emerging from an on year) was associated with lower levels of carbohydrate and N reserves than for on-year trees that had just completed an off year. Future experimentation should assess the comparative capacity for nutrient uptake by on- and off-year trees at other stages of phenology, e.g., during seed development and postharvest. AN: 95-035405 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 119 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Adjusting sprinkler angle reduces spread of disease in pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P.; Olson,-W.H.; Grant,-J.A. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Sep-Oct 1993). v. 47(5) p. 16-20. LA: En (English) AN: 95-032488 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 120 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: [High concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide improve bud breaking in pistachio]. OT: Concentraciones altas de cianamida hidrogenada mejoran las brotacion de yemas en pistachero. AU: Arreola-Avila,-Jesus; Mancilla-y-Diaz-Infante,-Raul SO: Revista-Fitotecnia-Mexicana (Mexico). (Jul-Dic 1993). v. 16(2) p. 203-207. Nota cientifica. LA: Es (Spanish) ENAB: Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2) at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 % was applied to ten years pistachio trees comming from seed of the Kerman cultivar, after these trees acumulated 457 heat units. This treatments increased significantly the percentage of bud break and also this stage was 11 days earlier with respect to the control. The pistachio buds applied with H2CN2 at 2.5 and 5.0 % showed 26 and 45.5 % bud break respectively, and were superior to bud break of control which was only 4.5 %. Branches of one and two years old showed the greatest bud break; however, comparing the bud break stimulus against the control, this was greater on branches of 4 and 5 years old. ESAB: Cianamida hidrogenada (H2CN2) en concentraciones de 2.5 y 50 % fue aplicada a arboles de pistachero de 10 anos de edad provenientes de semilla del cultivar Kerman, despues de haber acumulado 457 unidades calor (UC). Esto incremento significativamente el porcentaje de yemas brotadas, adelantando ademas 11 dias la brotacion respecto al testigo. El porcentaje de yemas brotadas en arboles tratados con H+2CN2 al 2.5 y 5 % fue de 26 y 45.5 % respectivamente, siendo superiores al testigo sin aplicar, en el cual se observo un porcentaje de solo 4.6 %. Las ramas de 1 y 2 anos de edad mostraron tendencia natural hacia mayor brotacion, sin embargo la estimulacion de la brotacion comparada contra el testigo, fue mayor en las ramas de 4 y 5 anos de edad. AN: 95-024316 Record 121 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Control of the pistachio wasp (Eurytoma pistaciae, Anagnos) in Cyprus. OT: Katapolemisi tou Evrytomou tis Pistakias (Eurytoma pistaciae, Anagnos) stin Kypro. AU: Melifronidis,-D.I.; Zygkas,-F.I. CA: Agricultural Corporation Makedonias-Thrakis, Thessaloniki (Greece). SO: Geoponika (Greece). (Sep-Oct 1982). (no. 290-291) p. 157-160. LA: El (Greek) ENAB: The pistachio wasp (Eurytoma pistaciae) has been reported to be a relative new pest of pistachio-nuts in Cyprus. In order to improve the control measures used against this pest, field experiments were conducted during 1978 and 1979 with encouraging results. In these experiments nature trees were thoroughly wet by spraying with Methomyl, Formothion, Phosphamidon, Oxymeton-methyl, Omethoate and Cypermethrin. Observations on the wasp emerge were obtained by infested mummified nuts remaining on the trees from the previous years. Some of these infested nuts were collected and were put into special cages which were hung on the trees. The best results were obtained by using insecticides such as Methomyl, Phosphamidon, Oxymeton-methyl and Cypermethrin three days after the appearance of the first adults. AN: 95-014354 Record 122 of 947 in AGRIS 1995-1996 TI: Aflatoxins and fluorescence in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts. AU: Steiner,-W.E.; Brunschweiler,-K.; Leimbacher,-E.; Schneider,-R. SO: Journal-of-agricultural-and-food-chemistry (USA). (Dec 1992). v. 40(12) p. 2453-2457. LA: En (English) ENAB: Brazil nut and pistachio nut samples from lots known to be contaminated with aflatoxins were visually inspected in detail. Kernels were split lengthwise in halves, and internally highly discolored kernels were analyzed individually. Highly contaminated Brazil nut kernels showed yellow fluorescence if illuminated with light at 360nm. However, not all fluorescent kernels were contaminated with aflatoxins, and brown spotted kernels also contained these toxins. While contaminated Brazil nut kernels showed different appearance, only brown or brown spotted pistachio kernels were highly contaminated with aflatoxins. In yellowish fluorescent pistachio kernels no aflatoxins, citrinin, kojic acid, patulin, or ochratoxin A could be detected (detection limits: 10-100 microgram/kg, 0.5-1, 40-50, 0.2-0.5, and 0.1-0.3mg/kg, respectively). Slightly discolored kernels and sound kernels were analyzed in different batches. In this way it was shown that contaminated kernels were internally discolored. Ratios of 4700 uncontaminated kernels to 1 kernel containing aflatoxin B1 and 4300 to 1, respectively, were calculated for two pistachio nut samples from different lots. A similar ratio for Brazil nuts could not be calculated since not all highly contaminated kernels were analyzed individually. The highest aflatoxin B1 concentration in a pistachio kernel was 1400 mg/kg; in a Brazil nut 4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 1.2 mg/kg aflatoxin G1 were detected. The high aflatoxin concentrations in a few kernels indicate that the usual sampling sizes of 20 and 50 lb (Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts, lots < 200 bags and 75 000 lb, respectively) may not be sufficient. AN: 95-009100 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 123 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio production and exports in selected countries continue expansion. SO: Horticultural-products-review (USA). (Dec 1993). (no. FHORT 12-93) p. 35-37. LA: En (English) AN: 94-115803 Record 124 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Respiration rate and ethylene production in inflorescence buds of pistachio in relation to alternate bearing. AU: Vemmos,-S.N.; Pontikis,-C.A.; Tolza-Marioli,-A.P. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Mar 1994). v. 57(1-2) p. 165-172. LA: En (English) AN: 94-067099 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 125 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Use of high CO(2) atmosphere and medium modifications for the successful micropropagation of pistachio. AU: Parfitt,-D.E.; Almehdi,-A.A. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (Feb 1994). v. 56(4) p. 321-329. LA: En (English) AN: 94-063250 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 126 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Spore release by Botryosphaeria dothidea in pistachio orchards and disease control by altering the trajectory angle of sprinklers. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1993). v. 83(2) p. 145-152. LA: En (English) ENAB: To design a disease-control management approach, release of pycnidiospores of Botryosphaeria dothidea from infected pistachio was studied in both laboratory and field. In laboratory studies, more cirrhi developed from pycnidia in pistachio rachises infected by B. dothidea that were dry in the field than in rachises washed several times during previous sprinkler irrigations. Pycnidia in older rachises produced fewer cirrhi than did younger rachises. Dry rachises released maximum numbers of pycnidiospores (up to 1,000 per milliliter of water) within 2-3 h of irrigation, and only three to four pycnidiospores were recovered after 10 h of sprinkling. In contrast, rachises with exuding pycnidia (cirrhi present on the surface of rachises) released 2.5 X 10(4), 1.3 X 10(4), and 63 pycnidiospores per milliliter of water 5, 30, and 450 min, respectively, after activating sprinklers. Released pycnidiospores from blighted shoots and petioles increased within 1-4 h of sprinkling and gradually decreased afterward, within 11-12 h of sprinkling. Released spores from blighted fruit increased gradually until 3 h after sprinkling, maintained high levels 4-9 h after sprinkling, and decreased 10-12 h after the first sprinkling. The numbers of released pycnidiospores decreased significantly with the second, third, fourth, and fifth sprinkling cycles, which were applied at weekly intervals. In field experiments, rachises collected from 1.2 to 1.5 m high in the tree canopy and "washed" in previous irrigations during the season released decreasing numbers of pycnidiospores with increases in sprinkling duration; "unwashed" rachises collected from 2.2 to 2.5 m high in the tree canopy released increasingly high levels of pycnidiospores until 5 h after sprinkler irrigation. In inoculation experiments, higher pycnidiospore concentrations resulted in greater incidence and severity of disease than resulted from lower concentrations, in both male and female pistachio. Altering the irrigation-sprinkler trajectory angle from 23 degrees to 12 degrees significantly reduced the disease in three commercial orchards in California. AN: 94-056770 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 127 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of temperature and wetness duration on infection of pistachio by Botryosphaeria dothidea and management of disease by reducing duration of irrigation. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1992). v. 82(12) p. 1399-1406. LA: En (English) ENAB: The optimum temperatures for growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the cause of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, were 27-30 C on potato-dextrose agar. The optimum temperatures for pycnidiospore germination were 24-36 C. Pycnidiospores that germinated at 36-39 C failed to develop colonies. Optimum temperatures for disease development on artificially inoculated fruit were 27-33 C and for development of pycnidial initials and pycnidia on fruit, 30 C. The latent period for pycnidia development on pistachio fruit naturally infected by B. dothidea was shorter at 33 C than at 10-27 C. Pycnidia did not develop at 6 C and formed on only about 17% of the fruit at 10 C. Field-inoculated pistachio leaves kept wet continuously for 0-72 h developed no disease at wetness durations of 0-6 h; durations of 9-12 h or longer resulted in symptoms and increased disease severity. Ninety-seven and 100% of the inoculated leaves had lesions, approximately 25 and 48% of them showing more than 10 lesions per leaf after 48 and 72 h of wetness duration, respectively. Disease incidence of leaves was best described by a third-order polynomial regression equation. Cluster blight, fruit with pycnidia, and leaf (0.4-6.0%) and petiole blight (15-84.4%) occurred only after 18 h of wetness and increased linearly with wetness durations of 18-72 h. In field experiments, two to four additional 12-h wetness periods after an initial 12-h infection period interrupted by 12-h dry periods resulted in greater disease incidence and severity on leaves. Reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation from 24 to 12 h in one orchard in Butte County resulted in reduction of the disease (infected fruit) from 31 to 20% (P = 0.10), from 60 to 48% (P = 0.08), and from 62 to 19% (P < 0.01) in 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively. In addition, reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation in the same orchard to 12 h resulted in significantly lower incidence and severity of infected leaves compared with leaves from trees irrigated for 24 h. Similarly, in 1991 in a second orchard, reduction of duration of sprinkler irrigation from 48 to 24 h significantly lowered the incidence and the severity of leaves infected by B. dothidea. AN: 94-036648 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 128 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Irrigation response of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kanber,-R.; Yazar,-A.; Oender,-S.; Koeksal,-H. SO: Irrigation-Science (Germany). (1993). v. 14(1) p. 7-14. LA: En (English) AN: 94-033496 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 129 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation, regeneration and organogenesis of mango (Mangifera indica L.), kiwi (Actinidia arguta Planch. ex Miq.), pomeranate (Punica granatum var. nana (L.) Pers.) and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Yang,-Z. CA: Techn. Univ. Berlin, Fachbereich Internationale Agrarentwicklung, Inst. fuer Nutzpflanzenforschung, Fachgebiet Obstbau (Germany). SO: Berlin (Germany). Koester. 1993. 128 p. LA: En (English) AN: 94-033160 Record 130 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Dutch pistachio consumption trends upward. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (May 1993). (no. 5-93) p. 32-33. LA: En (English) AN: 94-029989 Record 131 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Development of pistachio as a crop in the United States. AU: Parfitt,-D.E. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (Aug 1991). (no. 82nd) p. 135-143. LA: En (English) AN: 93-114158 Record 132 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook in selected countries. AU: Nishiura,-K. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1992). (no. 11-92) p. 27-31. LA: En (English) AN: 93-113887 Record 133 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio tree: an interesting alternative. OT: El pistachero: una alternativa interesante. AU: Vargas-Garcia,-F.J.; Romero-Romero,-M.A. SO: Fruticultura-Profesional (Espana). (1993). (no.54) p. 101-108. LA: Es (Spanish) ESAB: El pistachero presenta un notable interes potencial para amplias areas espanolas. Puede constituir una alternativa a cultivos importantes. Todas las plantaciones existentes son jovenes. En este articulo se revisan diversos aspectos importantes relacionados con la introduccion de este frutal, haciendo particular referencia a los problemas derivados de la multiplicacion y eleccion del material vegetal. AN: 93-104428 Record 134 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Study of efficacy of some fungicides on causal agent of Pistachio gummosis]. AU: Mirabolfathy,-M.; Sharifi,-A.; Hedjaroude,-Gh.A. CA: Tehran Univ. (Iran Islamic Republic). College of Agriculture. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 26(1-4) p. 47-56. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-096741 Record 135 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Study of pistachio gummosis in Rafsanjan area]. AU: Mirabolfathy,-M.; Ershad,-D.; Hedjaroude,-Gh.A. CA: Tehran Univ., Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst. SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 26(1-4) p. 1-11. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-096740 Record 136 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Oil content and fatty acid composition of kolkhong, Baneh, Badamak, pistachio and water-melon]. AU: Zand-Moghaddam,-A. CA: Univ. of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz (Iran Islamic Republic). Nutrition Dept. SO: Scientific-Journal-of-Agriculture (Iran Islamic Republic). (1991). v. 15(1,2) p. 3-7. LA: Fa (Persian) AN: 93-095821 Record 137 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of 2-naphthaleneacetic acid on alternate bearing of pistachio. OT: Effets de l' application d' acide naphtalene acetique sur l' alternance du pistachier. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruits (France). (1990). v. 45(3) p. 281-285. LA: En (English) FRAB: L' alternance observee chez le pistachier resulte de l' abscission des bourgeons de l' inflorescence avant maturite, durant une annee de forte recolte. L' etude vise a rechercher si l' ANA peut attenuer le phenomene. Des pulverisations a 5 000 ppm, repetees cinq fois a des intervalles de 30 jours (a partir de mi-juin) maintiennent 90, 1% des bourgeons floraux jusqu' a la periode de floraison. De ceux-ci seulement 8, 7% donnaient des inflorescences et des fruits chetifs (dans certains cas plus d' un par bourgeon). (Resume d' auteur). Photos. AN: 93-084267 Record 138 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Germination, root morphogenesis and growth rhythms in pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.)]. OT: Germination, morphogenese racinaire et rythmes de croissance du pistachier de l' Atlas (Pistacia atlantica Desf.). AU: Chaba,-B.; Chraa,-O.; Khichane,-M. CA: Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Paris (France); Nancy (France). 20 Mar - 6 Avr 1990. SO: Groupe d' Etude de l' Arbre, Paris (France). [Physiology of trees and shrubs in arid and semi-arid zones. Seminar Paris - Nancy (France), 1990 March 20 - April 6]. Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Seminaire Paris - Nancy, 20 mars - 6 avril 1990. Montrouge (France). John Libbey Eurotext. 1993. p. 465-472. LA: Fr (French) AN: 93-075549 Record 139 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Shorter sprinkler irrigations reduce Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Morgan,-D.P.; Grant,-J.A.; Olson,-W.H. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Nov-Dec 1992). v. 46(6) p. 28-32. LA: En (English) AN: 93-066266 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 140 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of hydrogen cyanamide on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1989). v. 43(3) p. 125-128. LA: En (English) AN: 93-063260 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 141 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Common pistachio-tree [the choice of the rootstocks]]. OT: Pistacchio [la scelta dei portainnesti]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Informatore-Agrario (Italy). (26 Sep 1991). v. 47(suppl.36) p. 51-52. LA: It (Italian) AN: 93-055290 Record 142 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Fat content and fatty acid composition in individual seeds of pistachio varieties grown in Turkey. OT: Fettgehalt und Fettsaeurezusammensetzung in Einzelsamen verschiedener Pistaziensorten aus der Tuerkei. AU: Garcia,-J.M.; Agar,-I.T.; Streif,-J. SO: Gartenbauwissenschaft (Germany). (1992). v. 57(3) p. 130-133. LA: En (English) AN: 93-045384 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 143 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio situation. AU: Nishiura,-K. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1991). (no. 11-91) p. 31-33. LA: En (English) AN: 93-043253 Record 144 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Vegetive development and water strees of the Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) root stocks under salinity conditions]. OT: Desarrollo vegetativo y estado hidrico de cultivares y portainjertos de pistache (Pistacia spp.) en condiciones de salinidad. AU: Figueroa-Viramontes,-Uriel; Baca-Castillo,-Gustavo-A.; Larque-Saavedra,-Alfonso; Martinez-Garza,-Angel SO: Agrociencia (Mexico). Serie Fitociencia. (1990). v. 1(2) p. 135-150. LA: Es (Spanish) ENAB: The pistachio cultivars Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 (Pistacia vera) and the root-stocks P. atlantica and P. terebinthus were evaluated in five Cl concentrations: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 ppm. P. atlantica was the only species growing in the 6000 ppm treatment. According to analysis of regression, shoot dry weight in Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 decreased as Cl concentration was increased in the nutrient solution, however this was not true for rootstocks because they showed growth flushes. Transpiration rate and water vapor diffusion resistance of Kerman and CAEVAJ 3-5 cultivars were not affected by Cl concentration, except that diffusion resistance of CAEVAJ 3-5 increased with the 6000 ppm Cl treatment; leaf was not affected by Cl treatments, while the increased as Cl concentration increased; therefore, the "osmoregulation" salt tolerance mechanism works for pistachio. ESAB: Se evaluo el comportamiento de los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 de pistache (Pistacia vera) y de las especies para portainjerto P. atlantica y P. terebinthus en cinco concentraciones de salinidad: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 y 6000 ppm de Cl. P. atlantica fue la unica especie que mantuvo su crecimiento activo en el tratamiento de 6000 ppm. La produccion de materia seca (M.S.) en parte aerea se disminuyo de manera lineal significativa en Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 en funcion de la concentracion de Cl; lo anterior no ocurrio en los portainjertos porque el crecimiento se presento en los flujos. Los valores de transpiracion y resistencia a flujo de vapor de agua de los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 no fueron afectados por la concentracion de Cl, excepto en el tratamiento de 6000 ppm en CAEVAJ 3-5 donde se incremento la resistencia a la difusion. El en la hoja no fue afectado por los tratamientos de Cl en tanto que el aumento en funcion de la concentracion de Cl, lo cual indica que opero el mecanismo de tolerancia de osmorregulacion. AN: 93-035869 Record 145 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Studies on artificial pollination of pistachio flowers. AU: Ayfer,-M.; Kuru,-C. CA: Expert Consultation on the Promotion of Nut Production in Europe and Near East Regions. Yalova (Turkey). 19-22 Jun 1990. SO: Menini,-U.G. (ed.); Olez,-H. (ed.); Buyukyilmaz,-M. (ed.); Ozelkok,-S. (ed.). FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, Yalova (Turkey). Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Inst. Nut production and industry in Europe, Near East and North Africa. Proceedings. European System of Cooperative Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCORENA). Rome (Italy). Jun 1990. p. 343-346. LA: En (English) AN: 93-024453 Record 146 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio research and development in the Near East, North Africa and Southern Europe. AU: Kaska,-N. CA: Expert Consultation on the Promotion of Nut Production in Europe and Near East Regions. Yalova (Turkey). 19-22 Jun 1990. SO: Menini,-U.G. (ed.); Olez,-H. (ed.); Buyukyilmaz,-M. (ed.); Ozelkok,-S. (ed.). FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, Yalova (Turkey). Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Inst. Nut production and industry in Europe, Near East and North Africa. Proceedings. European System of Cooperative Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCORENA). Rome (Italy). Jun 1990. p. 133-160. LA: En (English) AN: 93-022387 Record 147 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: [Studies on adaptation and behaviour of pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) and fig tree (Ficus carica L.). 1988-1991 period]. OT: Estudios sobre adaptacion y comportamiento de pistachero (Pistacia vera L.) e higuera (Ficus carica L.). Periodo 1988-1991. AU: Couceiro-Lopez,-J.F. CA: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo (Espana). Servicio de Investigacion y Experimentacion Agraria. SO: Toledo (Espana). Consejeria de Agricultura. 1992. 23 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 93-022386 Record 148 of 947 in AGRIS 1993-1994 TI: Effects of debudding and defruiting on alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Caruso,-T.; Di-Marco,-L.; Motisi,-A.; Raimondo,-A. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Jul 1992). v. 46(3) p. 170-174. LA: En (English) AN: 93-013857 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 149 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio rootstock affected by big freeze. AU: Maranto,-J. SO: California-grower (USA). (Sep 1991). v. 15(9) p. 32. LA: En (English) AN: 92-112811 Record 150 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Models simulate U.S. pistachio prices. AU: Jolly,-D.A.; Norris,-K. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1992). v. 46(3) p. 14-16. LA: En (English) AN: 92-111437 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 151 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Effect of Calocoris norvegicus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on pistachio yields. AU: Purcell,-M.; Welter,-S.C. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Feb 1991). v. 84(1) p. 114-119. LA: En (English) ENAB: Exposure of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut clusters to adult Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin) during different periods of pistachio nut development showed that the period of susceptibility occurred between nut set and shell hardening, or between early April and early June. Correlation of pistachio nut development with degree-days accumulated after 75% bloom in 1987 predicted shell hardening to occur within 2 d of observed shell hardening in 1988. Abortion rates of pistachio nuts exposed to C. norvegicus for 1 wk were not significantly higher than unexposed nut clusters. However, rates of epicarp lesion in the exposed clusters were significantly higher, which would lead to nut abortion and potential yield losses within a few weeks after exposure to C. norvegicus. The effect of C. norvegicus on yields of pistachios in the Sacramento valley was determined by creating four levels of epicarp lesion damage. Among the different levels of damage, epicarp lesion ranged from 4 to 48%. The number of nuts remaining on the clusters was significantly reduced in the highest damage level. Regression of percentage epicarp lesion with pistachio yields at harvest indicated that 31% of the variation in yield was explained by epicarp lesion due to C. norvegicus. The timing of insecticide treatments before the adult phase of C. norvegicus was shown to be an important means of protecting pistachios from extensive early season damage. AN: 92-105117 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 152 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Verticillium wilt resistance in pistachio rootstock cultivars: assays and an assessment of two interspecific hybrids. AU: Morgan,-D.P.; Epstein,-L.; Ferguson,-L. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Mar 1992). v. 76(3) p. 310-313. LA: En (English) AN: 92-095425 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 153 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Mateur). AU: Abousalim,-A.; Mantell,-S.H. SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture (Netherlands). (Jun 1992). v. 29(3) p. 231-234. LA: En (English) AN: 92-082204 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 154 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Salt resistance of pistachio. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Storey,-J.B.; Miyamoto,-S. SO: Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. St. Joseph, Mich. (USA). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1990. p. 378-383. LA: En (English) AN: 92-065878 Record 155 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [The pistachio nut]. OT: O pistaquio. SO: O-Pais-Agricola (Portugal). (Jun 1990). (no.85) p. 71-72. LA: Pt (Portuguese) AN: 92-051934 Record 156 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Outlook for tree nut crop development in Syria, Jordan and Egypt (almond, pistachio, walnut and pecan). AU: Papademetriou,-M.K. SO: Rome (Italy). 1989. 52 p. LA: En (English) AN: 92-051930 Record 157 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio cultivars and prospects for improvement. AU: Parfitt,-D. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1990). (no. 81st) p. 132-134. LA: En (English) AN: 92-041951 Record 158 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Propagating Texas black walnut, Juglans microcarpa an Texas pistachio, Pistachia texana, from rotted cuttings. AU: Shreve,-L.W. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1990). (no. 81st) p. 20-21. LA: En (English) AN: 92-040729 Record 159 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Study of some physiological aspects of chilling and blooming of pistachio (Pistacia vera)]. OT: Etude de certains aspects de la physiologie de la floraison et de la fructification chez le pistachier (Pistacia vera). AU: Oukabli,-A. CA: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2, Rabat (Morocco). SO: Rabat (Morocco). Sep 1990. 100 p. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Etude de certains aspects physiologiques de la floraison et de la fructification chez le pistachier notamment le besoin en froid et les problemes de chute des bourgeons. AN: 92-032805 Record 160 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [DNOC effects on bud burst and flowering of females pistachio tree in Ain Taujdate Station [Morocco]]. OT: Effet du DNOC sur le debourrement et la floraison des pistachiers femelles de la Station d' Ain Taoujdate [Maroc]. AU: Mansouri,-L.; Ben-Amor,-T.; Laghezali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 24-31. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Presentation des resultats des essais de traitement au DNOC pour etudier son effet sur la precocite du debourrement et de la floraison des arbres femelles du pistacia. AN: 92-032758 Record 161 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Histological and anatomical study of pistachio tree grafting]. OT: Etude histologique et anatomique du greffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera). AU: Laghezali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 90-94. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Apercu sur le processus de soudure ou de non soudure de la greffe, par observation histologique sur coupe d' union de greffe du pistachier associee a l' observation macroscopique. AN: 92-031288 Record 162 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Realizations of "National Institute of Agricultural Research" concerning pistachio tree]. OT: Realisations de l' INRA [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique] en matiere de pistachier. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 95-104. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Presentation des resultats des essais entrepris par l' Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, portant sur la multiplication, la pollinisation et l' alternance du pistachier au Maroc. AN: 92-031118 Record 163 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Contribution to the study of pistachio tree alternation]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de l' alternance chez le pistachier. AU: Oukabli,-A.; Laghzali,-M. SO: Awamia (Morocco). Revue de la Recherche Agronomique Marocaine. (Sep 1990). (no. 69) p. 69-73. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Apercu sur l' alternance chez le pistachier dont le phenomene principal est la chute des bourgeons a fleurs, avec un bref sur l' effet des traitements. AN: 92-031117 Record 164 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The status of pistachio cultivation in Texas and the Southwest. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Proceedings-annual-conference-Texas-Pecan-Growers-Association (USA). (1991). v. 65(67/69) p. 40-42. LA: En (English) AN: 92-010104 Record 165 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Studies on the nutritive value of some edible nuts [almond, groundnut, pine nut, walnut, cashew nut, pistachio nut and apricot stone keruel] available in the local market of Peshawar [Pakistan]. AU: Saleem,-A.; Hussain,-M.; Shah,-S.S.H.; Nazli,-M. SO: Sarhad-Journal-of-Agriculture (Pakistan). (Apr 1991). v. 7(2) p. 53-55. LA: En (English) AN: 91-112804 Record 166 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Boron uptake and effects on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pistachio seedlings. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1991). v. 116(4) p. 706-711. LA: En (English) ENAB: Seedlings of three pistachio rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L., and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica) and of the pistachio scion cultivar Kerman (P. vera. L.) were grown in calcareous sandy loam irrigated with B solutions (0 to 15 mg.liter(-1)) in a greenhouse. After 10.5 months of B treatment, rootstock seedling growth (root + stem weight and leaf dry weight, area, and number per plant) had decreased linearly with B application, which provided up to 48.9 mg B/liter in the soil saturation extract. Growth of P. terebinthus was greater than P. atlantica throughout the concentration range, but species sensitivity to B did not differ. Nine months of B at concentrations up to 10.7 mg.liter(-1) in the saturation extract did not alter the growth of P. vera seedlings. Leaf B concentrations of all species increased linearly with saturation extract B concentration after each of two growing periods and were higher in leaves of P. terebinthus than P. atlantica. From 62% to 75% of B was present in leaf tissue of the rootstock seedlings, with lower quantities in roots and stems. Boron toxicity appeared initially as interveinal chlorosis and apical necrosis of 1-month-old, fully expanded leaflets of the rootstock species. By 4 months, symptoms in some treatments advanced to severe necrosis of leaflets. Boron addition increased the concentrations of total leaf sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and root starch, decreased root glucose concentrations, and had no effect on other root carbohydrates of P. vera seedlings. Leaf carbohydrate supply limitations and altered root carbohydrate status may be consequences of high B in P. vera seedling leaves. AN: 91-106399 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 167 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Ecological study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionu) (licht.) (Homoptera psyllidae) in Mosulregion, Iraq]. OT: Dira:sat> bi:' iyyat> 3ala> h"as"arat> basli:d al-fustuq Agnoscena targionu (Licht.) (Psyllidae, Homoptera) fi: mant*aqat> al-mu:s*al. AU: Mohammad,-M.A.; Sheet,-A.I. SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection (Lebanon). Maj"allat> wiqa:yat> al-naba:t al-3arabiyyat>. (1989). v. 7(2) p. 138-142. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: An ecological study on the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) (Psyllidae, Homoptera) was conducted in Ninevah Governorate, Iraq during 1987 and 1988. The percentage of infestation varied from one region to another within the Governorate and was relatively higher at the Governorate centre (78%), while it was (54%) in Hammam Al-Alil, (30%) in Aski Mosul and (25%) in Homaidate regions. The pest occurred between the 2nd week of May and the end of October with peak abundance during the 4th week of September then overwintered as adult under bark and in crevecies of pistachio trees for the forthcoming 6 months from the end of October to the end of April. The 4th and 5th instar nymphs were attacked by an endoparasite belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Rate of parasitism ranged 1.2 - 15.9%. Irrigation intervals for pistachio seedlings affected clearly and significantly the population density of nymphs than eggs. Average of nymphs number at irrigation every 3 days was 88.2/10 leaves, while it was 39 and 25 nymphs/10 leaves at irrigation every 5 and 7 days respectively. At the same periods of irrigation, average of eggs number were 118.6, 105 and 55.6 eggs/10 leaves, respectively. AN: 91-080060 Record 168 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pathogenicity, distribution, sources of inoculum, and infection courts of Botryosphaeria dothidea on pistachio. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (May 1991). v. 81(5) p. 566-573. LA: En (English) ENAB: A panicle and shoot blight disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is reported for the first time on pistachio in California. The disease was prevalent in northern counties Butte, Tehama, and Glenn) and sporadic in southern counties (Madera, Fresno, Kings, and Kern). In early spring, symptoms of panicle and shoot blight resulted from continued activity of the pathogen in buds infected the previous summer and fall. Shoot blight symptoms included dark brown to black lesions at the base of current-season shoots, followed by the wilting and drying of leaves, which remained attached to their shoots. Panicle and shoot infections caused perennial cankers. The infection of petioles, leaves, fruit, and rachises was evidenced by expanding lesions, which resulted in the death of the structures involved. The infection of panicles usually occurred at the base, causing fruit to shrivel and remain on the tree even after mechanical shaking for harvest. Current-season shoots and panicles were susceptible to artificial inoculations throughout the growing season. Infected rachises, petioles, fruit, and leaf blades were retained longer on the tree than corresponding healthy plant parts and provided inoculum (pycnidiospores) for winter and spring infections. In addition, pycnidia that had formed on current-season infected rachises, fruit, blighted shoots, petioles, and leaf lesions provided inoculum for summer and fall infections. Moreover, the fungus remained active as mycelium in perennial shoot cankers. Light and scanning electron microscopy indicated that germ tubes of conidia of B. dothidea entered through the stomata of the upper or lower surfaces of leaves. rachises, and shoots, and also through the lenticels on pistachio fruit. AN: 91-071827 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 169 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Rapid testing of salinity effects on Pistachio seedling rootstocks. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1991). v. 116(3) p. 555-559. LA: En (English) ENAB: A laboratory procedure was used to evaluate saline tolerance of pistachio rootstock species. Results were compared to those from a 2-year, outdoor lysimeter study to test reliability of the method. Excised root tips from seedlings of Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L. (two selections), and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica (Pioneer Gold II, or PG II), were exposed to laboratory solutions that simulated soil solution electrical conductivity (EC) and Na:Ca ratios in the lysimeters. Following 24 hours of incubation, the efflux of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing solutes was measured, providing an indication of cell membrane permeability. Leakage occurred with saline solutions comparable to lysimeter soil water salinity that increased leaf Na concentrations and decreased average root growth (175 mm NaCl with 12.5 mm Ca, or EC of 18.1 dS.m-1). Cell injury increased linearly with salinity (R2 = 0.81) and was highest in root tips of a P. terebinthus selection having least Na exclusion capability in the lysimeters. On average, these excised roots lost 38% more solutes than roots of a stronger Na-excluding genotype. There were no differences in leakage responses of the other species and selections. Leakage intensity was independent of various stress media, including isosmotic CaCl2, mannitol, and the simulated Na/Ca mixtures in molar ratios of 10:1 to 20:1. With no Ca, however, damage caused by isosmotic NaCl was 76% to 87% higher, indicating that for these species, the Na:Ca ratio can alter root cell membrane permeability. Correlation between long-term observations in the lysimeters and leakage occurrence in the laboratory indicates that solute leakage tests with roots may aid in characterizing Pistacia spp. rootstocks for saline conditions. AN: 91-069872 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 170 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Pistachio growing [Portugal]]. OT: Cultura da pistacea. AU: Vaz,-J.T. SO: Vida-Rural (Portugal). (15 Jun 1990). (no.12) p. 8-11. LA: Pt (Portuguese) AN: 91-058986 Record 171 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Susceptibility of pistachio male cultivars to Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: Plant-disease (USA). (Apr 1991). v. 75(4) p. 410-415. LA: En (English) AN: 91-051996 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 172 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Determination of the country of origin of pistachio nuts by DSC and HPLC. AU: Dyszel,-S.M.; Pettit,-B.C. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Dec 1990). v. 67(12) p. 947-951. LA: En (English) AN: 91-038424 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 173 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Genetic diversity of walnut, pistachio, and almond at Davis NCGR. AU: Almehdi,-A.A.; Parfitt,-D.E. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1989). (no. 80th) p. 25-29. LA: En (English) AN: 91-031694 Record 174 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The Australian pistachio 'Sirora'. AU: Maggs,-D.H. SO: Fruit-varieties-journal (USA). (Oct 1990). v. 44(4) p. 178-179. LA: En (English) AN: 91-031693 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 175 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: O'Connell,-J. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1990). (no. 11-90) p. 12-14. LA: En (English) AN: 91-029532 Record 176 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: Pistachio culls acceptable in livestock feed. AU: Hull,-J.L.; Dunbar,-J.R.; DePeters,-E.J.; Teranishi,-H.R.; McDougald,-N.K. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1989). v. 43(3) p. 28-29. LA: En (English) AN: 91-024845 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 177 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: The 'Achilles heel' of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (Sep-Oct 1989). v. 43(5) p. 10-11. LA: En (English) AN: 91-023496 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 178 of 947 in AGRIS 1991 - 1992 TI: [Characteristics of pistachio selected rootstocks]. AU: Sheibany,-Ahmad SO: Nahal-o-Bazr-Research-Journal-Seed-and-Plant-Improvement-Institute-Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). (1990). v. 6(1,2) p. 42-59. LA: Fa (Persian) ENAB: For centuries, pistachio was considered a noncommercial product in the Middle Eastern Countries. It was not until the last half-century, however that it became an important nut crop in Iran and other favorable countries. According to reports of Kerman Agricultural Statistics and Economics Office, there has been an area of 115,500 hectares bearing pistachio orchards in Iran in 1988, of which about 63,913 hectares were concentrated in the region of Rafsajan. In that year, total production of Kerman province amounted to 113,190 metric tons of this output 16,000 tons accounted for exports. Assuming the crop was sold for 4,000 US Dollar per ton, the country should have earned a revenue of 64,000,000 US Dollar. Recognizing the economic value of the pistachio plant, extensive research has been conducted on relevant subjects in the U.S. (California), Australia, as well as other countries. Also, in Iran, some investigations involving selection work have been done on the development of rootstocks, female pistachio varieties, and pollinators. One of these studies continued through a period of years has led to a number of adapted pistachio root stocks for the site of Rafsanjan. AN: 91-010632 Record 179 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Salt effects on growth and ion uptake of pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Picchioni,-G.A.; Miyamoto,-S.; Storey,-J.B. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1990). v. 115(4) p. 647-653. LA: En (English) ENAB: The degree of salt resistance of Pistacia spp. grown in the western United States is not adequately known. This study evaluated seedling growth and ion uptake characteristics of two Pistacia spp. and one hybrid in outdoor lysimeters for two seasons. After 12 weeks, seedling stem elongation of P. atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L. (three selections), and P. integerrima Stewart X atlantica (referred to as Gold II) was reduced by an average of 33% at soil solution salinity of 12.6 dS.m-1 (or 8.0 dS.m-1 in the saturation extract). Gold II was the most vigorous genotype and produced the greatest biomass in control and high-salt solutions. Decreases in root and stem growth (average of all seedlings combined) occurred at soil solution salinity of 13.8 dS.m-1 (or 8.7 dS.m-1 in the saturation extract). Increasing salinity resulted in a higher root to stem ratio, which was most pronounced in P. terebinthus. Comparatively small but significant differences in leaf Na and Cl concentrations between species and selections occurred. All species limited Na transport to leaf tissue up to 125 meq Na/liter in soil solution, storing the greatest amount in roots. Chloride concentrations on a dry-weight basis were substantially higher in leaves than in roots. Increasing salinity did not affect leaf K and Mg concentrations, whereas Ca was significantly reduced. Leaf Na and Cl concentrations of P. atlantica and P. terebinthus had significant correlation with Na and Cl concentrations in soil solutions (r = +0.83 to +0.94). AN: 90-125259 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 180 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Behaviour of pistachio (Pistacea spp) cultivars and rootstocks under salinity conditions]. OT: Comportamiento de cultivares y portainjertos de pistache (Pistacia spp) en condiciones de salinidad. AU: Figueroa-Viramontes,-U. CA: Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mex. (Mexico) Centro de Fruticultura. SO: Montecillo, Mex. (Mexico). 1989. 112 p. LA: Es (Spanish) ESAB: El experimento se desarrollo durante 1988; se utilizaron los cultivares Kerman y CAEVAJ 3-5 de P. vera, asi como plantas de P. atlantica y P. terebinthus, los cuales crecieron en un sistema hidroponico, que consistio en recipientes de 9 l. de capacidad con agrolita como substrato, conectadas a otros de 3 l. donde drenaban los excesos de solucion. De los resultados obtenidos se resalta la ventaja de los portainjertos, sobre todo de P. atlantica, para prosperar bajo condiciones de alta salinidad; ademas esta mayor tolerancia relativa puede ser transmitida a los cultivares injertados. AN: 90-108543 Record 181 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Inflorescence bud retention in 'Kerman' pistachio: effects of defruiting date and branch size. AU: Wolpert,-J.A.; Ferguson,-L. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1990). v. 25(8) p. 919-921. LA: En (English) AN: 90-106965 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 182 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Three common pests of pistachio in California. AU: Michailides,-T.J. SO: California-agriculture (USA). (May-Jun 1990). v. 44(3) p. 6-8. LA: En (English) AN: 90-097662 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 183 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Economic study of pistachios (Pistacea vera L.). Simulation of a pistachio orchard in Chile]. OT: Estudio economico del pistacho (Pistacia vera L.). Simulacion de un huerto de pistacho en Chile. AU: Navarrete-O,-Ricardo CA: Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Esc. de Agronomia. SO: Santiago (Chile). 1989. 147 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 90-092363 Record 184 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Control of plant parasitic nematodes associated with apple and pistachio trees in Baluchistan [Pakistan]. AU: Maqbool,-M.A.; Qasim,-M. CA: US-Pakistan International Workshop on Plant Nematology. Karachi (Pakistan). 6-8 Apr 1986. SO: Maqbool,-M.A.; Golden,-A.M.; Ghaffar,-A.; Krusberg,-L.R. (eds.). Karachi Univ. (Pakistan). National Nematological Research Centre. Advances in plant nematology: Proceedings of the US-Pakistan international workshop on plant nematology April 6-8, 1986, Karachi, Pakistan. Karachi (Pakistan). NNRC. 1988. p. 271-274. LA: En (English) AN: 90-085377 Record 185 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [A shoot blight of Pistachio caused by Botryosphaeria ribis]. OT: Un disseccamento dei rami di pistacchio causato da Botryospaeria ribis. AU: Corazza,-L.; Chilosi,-G.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale,-Roma (Italy). (1986). v. 11 p. 95-98. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: In a pistachio collection, established near Rome in 1979, including varieties and selections, both italian and foreign, a severe dieback of the terminal shoots of several cultivars was observed. From "Ask", "Bronte", "Kerman" and "Red Aleppo" the conidial form of Botryosphaeria ribis Gross et Dugg. was isolated. The potential relevance of this pathogen in pistachio cultivation is emphasized. AO: ITALIANO: In una collezione di varieta e selezioni di Pistacchio, sia italiane che straniere, e stato osservato un forte disseccamento apicale dei rami di alcune cultivar. Da "Ask", "Kerman", "Red Aleppo" e stata isolata la forma conidica di Botryosphaeria ribis Gross. et Dugg. Viene sottolineata l'importanza che questo patogeno potrebbe assumere per la coltura del Pistacchio. AN: 90-075113 Record 186 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Some observations about Pistachio rust in Italy]. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza,-L.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Frutticoltura,-Roma (Italy). (1985). v. 16 p. 49-51. Received 1988. LA: It (Italian) AN: 90-075112 Record 187 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: The pistachio as a study case for crop trees in arid zones. AU: Golan-Goldhirsh,-A. CA: [Israeli-Portuguese workshop: Intensive Farming in Arid and Semiarid Regions]. Faro (Portugal). Mar 1988. SO: Faro (Portugal). UNICAMA. 1988. 9 p. LA: En (English) ENAB: The study of pistachio provides us with two avenues of human endevour: 1) basic biological research on infertility in plants and 2) development of techniques and methodologies for growing, transplanting and establishing trees overseas. This project enjoys very enthusiastic cooperation Prof. Miguel Mota and Eng. Abilio Mendes Gaspar of the Estacao Agronomica Nacional (EAN) in Portugal and the Plant Adaptation Research Unit of the Blaustein Institute for Desert Research in Israel. This pistachio project can hopefull provide a good study case for other tree crops suitable for arid zones (author). AN: 90-071206 Record 188 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Studies on mycotoxins in foods, 17: Investigation of the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxicols in commercial pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera], corns [Zea mays] and corn flours. AU: Saito,-K.; Nishijima,-M.; Yasuda,-K.; Kamimura,-H.; Ibe,-A.; Nagayama,-T.; Ushiyama,-H.; Naoi,-Y. SO: Journal-of-the-Food-Hygienic-Society-of-Japan (Japan). (Jun 1984). v. 25(3) p. 241-245. LA: Ja (Japanese) AN: 90-069056 Record 189 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Pistillate flower bud development and yearly growth cycle in Bianca pistachio variety in Sicily]. OT: Morfogenesi delle gemme a fiore in piante femminili di pistacchio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Crescimanno,-F.G.; Caruso,-T.; Raimondo,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Sep 1988). v. 50(9) p. 69-73. LA: It (Italian) AN: 90-062566 Record 190 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Study of the root-knot nematodes on pistachio in Iran. AU: Fariwar-Mehin,-H. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst., Rafsanjan (Iran). First International Congress of Nematology. Guelph, Ontario (Canada). 5-10 Aug 1984. SO: Proceedings of the first International Congress of Nematology [Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 1984]. Guelph. FICN. Aug 1984. p. 26-27. LA: En (English) ENAB: In 1966 damage due to the presence of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on pistachio was first reported in Rafsanjan, the most important pistachio growing region in Iran. Since 1971 scattered studies regarding the life pattern, damage and effects of different nematacides has been going on and starting from 1980 studies regarding the ecology of the pest has begun. The different species recognized on pistachio plants are Meloidogyne incognita on Pistacia vera, P. Palestina and P. atlantica; and M. Javanica and M. arenaria on P. vera. P. vera was found to be the most sensitive to nematodes and P. mutica the pest resistant. AN: 90-024756 Record 191 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of three pistachio cultivars as affected by soil applied boron. AU: Sepaskham,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M.; Yasrebi,-J. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1988). v. 63(4) p. 743-749. LA: En (English) AN: 89-143605 Record 192 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Biogeochemical cycles and soil formation in the pistachio groves of Batkhyz. AU: Glazovskaya,-M.A. SO: Soviet-soil-science (USA). (Sep-Oct 1988). v. 20(5) p. 87-99. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-136976 Record 193 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Composition, solubility, and electrophoretic patterns of proteins isolated from Kerman pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Shokraii,-E.H.; Esen,-A. SO: Journal-of-agricultural-and-food-chemistry (USA). (May-Jun 1988). v. 36(3) p. 425-429. LA: En (English) AN: 89-112071 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 194 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Rate of destructive processes in Badkhyz pistachio groves. AU: Chertov,-O.G.; Men'shikova,-G.P. SO: Problems-of-desert-development (USA). (1988). (no. 3) p. 59-65. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-111369 Record 195 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: The life history and pest status of the pistachio bud moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler on Pistacia vera in Iran (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae). AU: Samet,-Kh. CA: Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst., Tehran (Iran). SO: Entomologist's-gazette (Iran). (Feb 1982). v. 33 p. 33-35. LA: En (English) AN: 89-106212 Record 196 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Seasonal population fluctuation of nematodes on pistachio in Baluchistan. AU: Qasim,-M.; Hashmi,-S. SO: International-nematology-network-newsletter (USA). (Sep 1988). v. 5(3) p. 50-53. LA: En (English) AN: 89-106210 Record 197 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Forecasts of grass yield in Badkhyz pistachio. AU: Gannibal,-B.K. SO: Problems-of-desert-development (USA). (1988). (no. 2) p. 71-74. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) AN: 89-102434 Record 198 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Walnut and pistachio situation. SO: Horticultural-products-review-FHORT-U.S.-Department-of-Agriculture,-Foreign-Agricultural-Service (USA). (Nov 1988). (no. 11-88) p. 15-16, 19. LA: En (English) AN: 89-102063 Record 199 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Flower synchronization of staminate and pistillate pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis,-I.C.; Voyiatzis,-D.G. CA: 5. International Symposium on Growth Regulators in Fruit Production. Bologna-Rimini (Italy). 2-6 Sep 1985. SO: Luckwill,-L.C. (Beverley Kings Road, Clevedon, Avon (UK)). International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). Fifth international symposium on growth regulators in fruit production. Wageningen (Netherlands). ISHS. 1986. p. 521-527. LA: En (English) AN: 89-084951 Record 200 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Aflatoxin detection in single pistachio nuts and in different fluorescent categories. OT: ta3i:ni miqda:ri a:fla:tuksi:nha: dar yik da:ni pitstih wa rea:bitiyi a:lu:diqi:bi i:n su:mu:m wa h*a:si:yati flursa:nci pistih. AU: Haghighi,-B. CA: Isfahan Univ. (Iran). Dept. of Biochemistry. SO: Research-Bulletin-of-Isfahan-University (Iran). (1988). v. 2(1,2) p. 22-31. LA: Pe (Persian) ENAB: A high-speed fiber optic sorter was used to separate three categories of nuts (bright greenish- Yellow, BGY, purple, others) based on the fluorescent properties of the nuts. The relationship between aflatoxin contamination and each of these fluorescence categories are described. A micro method for aflatoxin determination in individual pistachio nut is presented with excellent recovery percentage (75-116%). AN: 89-073170 Record 201 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), in California. AU: Rice,-R.E.; Michailides,-T.J. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Oct 1988). v. 81(5) p. 1446-1449. LA: En (English) ENAB: A pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker, is a pest of pistachios in North Africa and Mediterranean and Middle East countries. It was first discovered in North America in Chico, California, in 1967. Its distribution now includes major portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and limited areas of southern California. Hosts recorded worldwide include eight species of Pistacia and one species of Shinus. Nut and sticky trap collections indicate two primary flight periods per year. AN: 89-072084 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 202 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Sites of epicarp lesion and kernel necrosis in relationship to symptoms and phenology of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Aug 1988). v. 81(4) p. 1152-1154. LA: En (English) AN: 89-058643 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 203 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Association of the boxelder bug (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) with epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Sanders,-R.D. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Aug 1988). v. 81(4) p. 1148-1151. LA: En (English) AN: 89-058642 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 204 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Low temperature storage of pistachio pollen. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Luza,-J.G. SO: Euphytica (Netherlands). (1988). v. 39(3) p. 265-269. LA: En (English) AN: 89-056448 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 205 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Fruit characteristics of four pistachio cultivars cultivated in Sicily]. OT: Caratteristiche carpologiche di 4 cultivar di pistacchio coltivate in Sicilia. AU: Caruso,-T.; Di-Marco,-L.; Giovannini,-D.; Di-Pisa,-A. SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura (Italy). (Sep-Oct 1986). v. 48(9-10) p. 63-66. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: The authors refer to the most important fruit characteristics of the widespread pistachio cultivars in Sicily, growing in different zones: "Bianca", "Cerasola", "Insolita" and "Silvana". Among the characteristics examined, - size, dehiscence, weight, yield of dehulled nuts, chemical composition of fruits - none of them seem to be influenced by the cultivation techniques and the environmental conditions. AN: 89-044317 Record 206 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: [Sheets per species. Pistacia vera. Green almond, pistachio nut]. OT: Fiches par espece. Pistacia vera. Pistachier. SO: Zuang,-H.; Barret,-P.; Beau,-C. (eds.). Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Legumes, Paris (France); Conservatoire Botanique de Porquerolles (France); Geyser, Saint-Michel l' Observatoire (France). [New fruit species]. Nouvelles especes fruitieres. Paris (France). CTIFL. 1988. p. 142-147. LA: Fr (French) AN: 89-022874 Record 207 of 947 in AGRIS 1989 - 1990 TI: Intraclonal variation in pollen germinability in kiwifruit, pistachio and walnut as influenced by tree age. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Weinbaum,-S.A. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (1988). v. 36(1) p. 97-102. LA: En (English) AN: 89-004004 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 208 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Longevity of pistachio pollen determined by in vitro germination. AU: Polito,-V.S.; Luza,-J.G. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1988). v. 113(2) p. 214-217. LA: En (English) AN: 88-092598 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 209 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The effect of dormant pruning on shell dehiscence of the endocarp in pistachio fruits. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: Fruits (France). (1986). v. 41(1) p. 55-56. LA: En (English) FRAB: Une taille assez severe, qui supprime plus de 30% de feuillage, reduit de 10 a 20% l' eclatement des pistaches. Le poids de la noix n' est pas affecte. L' allongement du rameau est plus important, mais les differences ne sont pas significatives. Le niveau de l' azote est significativement plus eleve que chez le temoin. Le niveau de l' azote semble affecter la dehiscence des pistaches. AN: 88-091320 Record 210 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Reconsideration of the cause of inflorescence bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1987). v. 22(6) p. 1315-1316. LA: En (English) AN: 88-078495 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 211 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Development and improvement of pistachio productivity in northern Syria]. OT: Tat*wi:r/u wa-tah"si:n/u ' inta:j"iyyat>/u al-fustuq/u al-h"alabi: fi: s"ama:l/i su:riyyat>/a. AU: Hosein,-A.H.; Ibrahim,-I.H. CA: Agricultural Development Week in Aleppo and Northern Syria. Aleppo (Syria). 12-17 Jul 1986. SO: Agricultural Development Week in Aleppo and Northern Syria [Aleppo, Syria, 12-17 Jul 1986]. ' isbu:3 al-tanmiyat>/u al-zira:3iyyat>/u fi: muh"a:faz*at>/i h"alab wa-s"ama:l/i su:riya. Aleppo (Syria). [nd]. p. 33-34. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 88-077342 Record 212 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Contribution to the study on some aspects of the floral biology of Pistachio trees (pisticia vera) in Tunisia]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de quelques aspects de la biologie florale du pistachier. AU: Bel-Felah-Ben-Salah,-Z. CA: Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (Tunisia). SO: Tunis (Tunisia). 1986. 88 p. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-04195. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Memoire d' etude sur quelques aspects de la biologie relative aux fleurs du pistachier - Donnees sur la floraison, la pollinisation, la differenciation florale, la germination du pollen et la croissance du fruit botanique apres fecondation. Materiel, methode d' experimentations et resultats. AN: 88-069695 Record 213 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Studies on the hymenopterous pests of pistachio nuts and their control: Eurytoma plotnikovi nikolskaya 1934 (Eurytomidae) and Megastigmus pistaciae Walker 1874 (Torymidae). AU: Kafisheh,-W. CA: Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem (Israel). Faculty of Agriculture. Dept. of Entomology. SO: Rehovot (Israel). Hebrew Univ. 1986. 52 p. LA: He (Hebrew) AN: 88-063464 Record 214 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The history of the American pistachio industry. AU: Vietmeyer,-N.D.; Reid,-W. SO: Annual-report-of-the-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (1986). (no. 77th) p. 39-42. LA: En (English) AN: 88-052544 Record 215 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Variation in tree size, yield, cropping efficiency, and alternate bearing among 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Johnson,-R.S.; Weinbaum,-S.A. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Nov 1987). v. 112(6) p. 942-945. LA: En (English) AN: 88-051867 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 216 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Succession and significance of several hemipterans attacking a pistachio orchard. AU: Michailides,-T.J.; Rice,-R.E.; Ogawa,-J.M. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Apr 1987). v. 80(2) p. 398-406. LA: En (English) AN: 88-014024 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 217 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), culture techniques]. OT: El pistacho (Pistacia vera L.), tecnicas del cultivo. AU: Badia-D,-Isabel CA: Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Facultad de Agronomia. SO: Santiago (Chile). 1985. 118 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 88-011717 Record 218 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [Some observations about Pistachio rust in Italy]. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza,-L.; Avanzato,-D. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale,-Roma (Italy). (1985). v. 10 p. 39-42. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: On leaves of Pistacia vera cv Bronte and 'Chico' a severe attack of Pileolaria terebinthi (DC) Cast. (Syn. Uromyces terebinthi (DC) Winter) was observed. Some aspects of the morphology of the fungus and different reaction of Pistacia spp. to the rust are reported. AN: 88-004951 Record 219 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Bird problems in California pistachio production. AU: Crabb,-A.C.; Salmon,-T.P.; Marsh,-R.E. SO: Proceedings-...-Vertebrate-Pest-Conference (USA). (Jun 1986). (no. 12th) p. 295-302. LA: En (English) AN: 88-004557 Record 220 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Vegetative and reproductive apical dominance in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1985). v. 20(6) p. 1092-1093. LA: En (English) AN: 87-115716 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 221 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Monselise,-S.P. (ed.). CRC handbook of fruit set and development. Boca Raton, Fla. (USA). CRC Press. 1986. p. 389-399. LA: En (English) AN: 87-105044 Record 222 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Methyl bromide fumigation treatments for pistachio nuts to decrease residues and control navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). AU: Hartsell,-P.L.; Nelson,-H.D.; Tebbets,-J.C.; Vail,-P.V. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Oct 1986). v. 79(5) p. 1299-1302. LA: En (English) AN: 87-085863 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 223 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Relationship of wound-induced peroxidase activity to epicarp lesion development in maturing pistachio fruit. AU: Bostock,-R.M.; Thomas,-C.S.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Uyemoto,-J.K. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1987). v. 77(2) p. 275-282. LA: En (English) AN: 87-085523 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 224 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: The effect of fertilization on growth and productivity of Pistachio vera under arid zone conditions. OT: Ta:' t"i:r/u a:ltasmi:d/i 3ala> tat*wi:r/i a:lnmw/i wa inta:j"i:at/u a:lfustuq a:lh"alabi: fi: a:lmana:t*iq/i a:lj"afat/i. AU: Shaher,-M. CA: 24. Science Week. Aleppo (Syria). 3-9 Nov 1984. SO: Supreme Council of Sciences, Damascus (Syria). 24th Science Week. Part 5. Damascus (Syria). SCS. 1984. p. 169-222. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: The experiments of this study had been between 1972-1978 where rainfall was the main resource for soil humidity. These experiments show that the fibrous roots were gathered at 20-100 cm horizon where the humidity and the mineral fertilizers were available. The growth rate of new branches was longer in fertilized trees. RE: See Also: 87-050129 AN: 87-082432 Record 225 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio tree. AU: Anderson,-H.P. III; Puryear,-K.L. SO: 23 Dec 1986. 2 p. LA: En (English) ENAB: A new and distinct variety of pistachio tree (identified as PN-83-F) characterized by a mature tree of rounded upright shape, having several main branches; rapid growth, abundant, leathery foliage, ease of propagation by budding or grafting; and further characterized by the abundant production of female flowers, in clusters, followed by seeds which are especially desirable for planting (when pollenized by the male variety, identified as PN-46-M), said hybrid seeds producing a fast growing, disease resistant tree of value for use as understock upon which to bud or graft commercial nut bearing varieties of pistachio such as 'Kerman'. AN: 87-072523 Record 226 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Pistachio yield and quality as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Oct 1986). v. 21(5) p. 1139-1140. LA: En (English) AN: 87-050502 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 227 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Relation of early splitting and tattering of pistachio nuts to aflatoxin in the orchard. AU: Sommer,-N.F.; Buchanan,-J.R.; Fortlage,-R.J. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jul 1986). v. 76(7) p. 692-694. LA: En (English) AN: 87-042053 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 228 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Verticillium wilt of pistachio. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Morgan,-D.P.; Surber,-E. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Jul-Aug 1986). v. 40(7/8) p. 21-24. LA: En (English) AN: 87-042052 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 229 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Isozyme analysis procedures for stone fruits, almond, grape, walnut, pistachio, and fig. AU: Arulsekar,-S.; Parfitt,-D.E. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1986). v. 21(4) p. 928-933. LA: En (English) AN: 87-040291 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 230 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: 'Pontikis' pistachio. AU: Pontikis,-C.A. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1986). v. 21(4) p. 1074. LA: En (English) AN: 87-039615 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 231 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Nutritive value and oil characteristics of selected tree nuts 1.Walnut, salted pistachio, unsalted pistachio and hazelnut (in Iraq). OT: Al-qi:ma al-g"id"a:' i:a wa h*awa:s* al-zayt li-ba3d* al-nuqil 1.Al-j"aws wa al-fustiq al-mumalah" wa al-fustiq g"ayr al-mumalah" wa al-bunduq (fi: al-3ira:q). AU: Al-Shabani,-A.M.; Al-Doori,-L.D.; Nori,-O.M. SO: Zanco (Iraq). (1986). v. 4(1) p. 93-100. LA: Ar (Arabic) ENAB: The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of walnut, pistachio, salted pistachio and hazelnut available in the local market. Also to study the physical and chemical characteristics of these nuts. AN: 87-036159 Record 232 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Water use requirements of pistachio trees and response to water stress. AU: Goldhamer,-D.A.; Kjelgren,-R.K.; Williams,-L.; Beede,-R. CA: National conference on advances in evapotranspiration. Hyatt Regency Chicago, Ill. (USA). 16-17 Dec 1985. SO: National Conference on Advances in Evapotranspiration, Hyatt Regency Chicago, Chicago, Ill., 16-17 Dec 1985. St. Joseph, Mich. (USA). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1985. p. 216-223. LA: En (English) AN: 87-021527 Record 233 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Role of several true bugs (Hemiptera) on incidence and seasonal development of pistachio fruit epicarp lesion disorder. AU: Uyemoto,-J.K.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Teranishi,-H.R.; Bostock,-R.M.; Pemberton,-W.M. SO: Journal-of-economic-entomology (USA). (Apr 1986). v. 79(2) p. 395-399. LA: En (English) AN: 87-013418 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 234 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Effects of water stress and salinity on photosynthesis of pistachio. AU: Behboudian,-M.H.; Walker,-R.R.; Toeroekfalvy,-E. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae (Netherlands). (1986). v. 29(3) p. 251-261. LA: En (English) AN: 87-003014 Record 235 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Nutritional disease of pistachio trees: potassium and phosphorus deficiencies and chloride and boron toxicities. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A.; Surber,-E. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Oct 1985). v. 75(10) p. 1084-1091. LA: En (English) AN: 86-074607 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 236 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: Verticillium wilt of pistachio: the influence of potassium nutrition on susceptibility to infection by Verticillium dahliae. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A.; Surber,-E. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Oct 1985). v. 75(10) p. 1091-1093. LA: En (English) AN: 86-074367 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 237 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [A contribution to the study of the germination of the almond, apricot, and pistachio seeds (Prunus amygdalus Batsch., Prunus armeniaca L., Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf.). 1: A determination of cold needs of seeds. 2: The effects of the 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) on the dormancy raising of seeds]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de la germination des graines d' amandier, d' abricotier et de pistachier (Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Prunus armeniaca L., Pistacia vera L. et Pistacia atlantica Desf.). 1: Determination des besoins en froid des graines. 2: Effets de la 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) et l' acide gibberellique (GA) sur la levee de dormance des graines. AU: N-Ait-M-Barek,-N. CA: Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan 2, Rabat (Morocco). SO: Rabat (Morocco). Nov 1984. 98 p. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Memoire de 3e cycle en horticulture sur la germination des graines d' amandier, d' abricotier et de pistachier, etude des besoins en froid des graines et etude des effets de la 6-benzyl-aminopurine et de l' acide gibberellique sur la levee de dormance des graines dans le but d' ameliorer les pratiques culturales des arbres fruitiers et l' amelioration du developpement de ces derniers. AN: 86-060644 Record 238 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: [The pistachio tree. A plant of future in the Moroccan semi-arid and arid areas]. OT: Le pistachier. Une espece d' avenir dans les regions semi-arides et arides du Maroc. AU: Mansouri,-L. CA: Seminaire National sur l' Agronomie Saharienne. Marrakech (Morocco). 6-8 May 1985. SO: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Rabat (Morocco). Station Centrale d' Agronomie Saharienne, Marrakech (Morocco). [[Proceedings of] the National Seminar on Saharian Agronomy]. [Comptes rendus du] Seminaire National sur l' Agronomie Saharienne. Marrakech (Morocco). 1985. p. 213-216. LA: Fr (French) FRAB: Le pistachier est une plante de culture des zones presahariennes du Maroc, l' etude de ses particularites biologiques montre que c' est une espece fruitiere adaptee aux conditions du milieu aride de ces zones et a une valeur nutritive et une rentabilite qui lui conferent un interet non negligeable pour les cultures en bour. AN: 86-051547 Record 239 of 947 in AGRIS 1986 - 1988 TI: New findings on pistachio problems. AU: Rice,-R.E.; Uyemoto,-J.K.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Pemberton,-W.M. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Jan-Feb 1985). v. 39(1/2) p. 15-18. LA: En (English) AN: 86-015330 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 240 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio tree [Variety PN-46-M, rounded spreading growth habit, pleasing green color of mature foliage, production of male flowers and pollen, used as understock upon which to bud or graft commercial nut bearing varieties; USA]. AU: Anderson,-H.P.; Puryear,-K.L. SO: 15 Mar 1983. 2 p. LA: En (English) AN: 85-095416 Record 241 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Some fruit productions which depend on wind pollination: walnut, hazelnut, olive, date-palm, pistachio]. AU: Crossa-Raynaud,-P. SO: Pesson,-P.; Louveaux,-J. (eds.). [Pollination and plant productions]. Pollinisation et productions vegetales. Paris (France). INRA. 1984. p. 163-180. LA: Fr (French) AN: 85-085027 Record 242 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Nematodes in pistachio orchards [California]. AU: McKenry,-M.V.; Kretsch,-J.O. SO: California-agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Nov-Dec 1984). v. 38(11/12) p. 21. LA: En (English) AN: 85-076220 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 243 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Grafting pistachio trees]. OT: Prisazhdane na fistashkata. AU: Borisova-Velkova,-D. CA: Tsentralen S"vet na Natsionalniya Agrarno-Promishlen S"yuz, Sofia (Bulgaria). Selskostopanska Akademiya. SO: Ovoshcharstvo (Bulgaria). Fruit-Growing. (1984). v. 63(11) p. 15-16. LA: Bg (Bulgarian) AN: 85-073808 Record 244 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) nuts germination and subsequent seedling growth (in Iraq). AU: Yousif,-H.Y.; Hassan,-K.; Al-Saadoon,-H. SO: Zanco (Iraq). (1984). v. 2(2) p. 43-54. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 85-065499 Record 245 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Leaffooted bug (Hemiptera:Coreidae) and epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits [Leptoglossus clypealis, Pistacia vera, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Bostock,-R.M.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology (USA). (Oct 1984). v. 77(5) p. 1163-1165. LA: En (English) AN: 85-051988 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 246 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio production problems [Pistacia vera, shell dehiscene, epicarp lesion, California]. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal (USA). (Jul 1984). v. 38(3) p. 74-85. LA: En (English) AN: 85-035235 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 247 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Leaf-footed bug implicated in pistachio epicarp lesion [Pistacia vera, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Rice,-R.E.; Bostock,-R.M.; Crane,-J.C. SO: California-Agriculture-California-Agricultural-Experiment-Station (USA). (Mar-Apr 1984). v. 38(3/4) p. 16-17. LA: En (English) AN: 85-034484 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 248 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Alternate fruit bearing in nut trees [Filbert, pistachio, pecan, hickory and black walnut]. AU: Sparks,-D. SO: Annual-Report-Northern-Nut-Growers-Association (USA). (Aug 1983). (no. 74th) p. 197-230. LA: En (English) AN: 85-031243 Record 249 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Shoot blight of pistachio caused by Botrytis cinerea [Pistacia vera, symptoms of naturally occurring infections, California]. AU: Bolkan,-H.A.; Ogawa,-J.M.; Teranishi,-H.R. SO: Plant-Diseases (USA). (Feb 1984). v. 68(2) p. 163-165. LA: En (English) AN: 85-004507 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 250 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Embryo development in 'kerman' pistachio [Pistacia vera]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Polito,-V.S.; Crane,-J.C. SO: HortScience (USA). (Feb 1984). v. 19(1) p. 105-106. LA: En (English) AN: 85-003367 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 251 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on vegetative and inflorescence buds of pistachio [Pictacia vera L., abscission]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Crane,-J.C.; Ryugo,-K. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1984). v. 109(1) p. 39-42. LA: En (English) AN: 84-109206 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 252 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Anatomical aspects of abscission in pistachio [Pistacia vera, peduncle, pedicel, inflorescence, fruit, leaf, ethephon]. AU: Lin,-T.S.; Crane,-J.C.; Polito,-V.S. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jan 1984). v. 109(1) p. 69-73. LA: En (English) AN: 84-108922 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 253 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio by overall tarping, tarping of individual tree sites and pre-planting tarping of fallow soils with polyethylene mulches [Verticillium dahliae; California]. OT: Lutte contre la verticilliose du pistachier: par bachage total des vergers, par bachage individuel des arbres ou par bachage avant plantation des sols en friche a l' aide de film polyethylene [Verticillium dahliae; California]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J.; Morgan,-D.F.; Gaona,-S.A.; McCain,-A.H. SO: Plasticulture (France). (Jun 1983). (no. 58) p. 33-44. LA: Fr (French); En (English) AN: 84-091370 Record 254 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Pistachio [origin, cultivation, varieties, protection, marketing, etc.]]. OT: El pistacho [origen, cultivo, variedades, proteccion, comercializaccion, etc.]. AU: Spina,-P. SO: Madrid (Spain). Mundi-Prensa. 1984. 93 p. LA: Es (Spanish) RE: Translation of: AN: 84-067964 Record 255 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Response of herbaceous plants in Badghis pistachio forests to environmental conditions [USSR, Onobrychis-Poa-Carex forest]. AU: Malysheva,-G.S.; Gannibal,-B.K.; Izmailova,-N.N. SO: Soviet-Journal-of-Ecology (USA). (Sep-Oct 1982). v. 13(5) p. 292-297. LA: En (English); Ru (Russian) RE: Translation of: AN: 84-040636 Record 256 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Report and recommendations for the horticultural development and pistachio [and fruit trees] growing in Pakistan. AU: Kaska,-N.; Bilgen,-A.M. CA: FAO, Rome (Italy). Agricultural Operations Div. SO: [1983]. 39 p. RN: FAO-AGO-TCP-PAK-2304. LA: En (English) AN: 84-038866 Record 257 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Future developments of fruit-tree species for dried fruit [of almond, walnut, hazel-tree and pistachio] in Mediterranean countries]. OT: Prospettive della coltivazione delle specie fruttifere a frutto secco [di mandorlo, noce, nocciolo, e pistacchio] nei paesi mediterranei. AU: Crossa-Raynaud,-P.; Germain,-E. SO: Agricoltura-Ricerca (Italy). (Sep 1982). v. 5(17) p. 62-71. LA: It (Italian) AO: ITALIANO: In Europa, lo sviluppo della frutticoltura di tipo industriale ha avuto inizio alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. Le ricerche hanno riguardato soprattutto il melo e il pesco, data l'importanza della domanda di questi prodotti sul mercato al consumo e del modello gia esistente negli Stati Uniti. Proprio questa trasposizione del modello americano spiega perche nei paesi europei - particolarmente in quelli dell'area mediterranea - si utilizzano quasi esclusivamente varieta originarie degli USA, dove sono gia ben adattate a questo tipo di produzione: raccolti abbondanti e regolari, frutti calibrati e di bel colore, piante facili da coltivare. L'adattamento di questo modello alle condizioni climatiche dell'Europa ha comportato una produzione eccedentaria di mele, pere, pesche e uva da tavola. Questa evoluzione non ha pero riguardato le produzioni di frutta secca mediterranea, che stanno attraversando un periodo di stasi e, in alcuni casi, di regressione, soprattutto per quanto concerne mandorlo, noce, nocciolo e pistacchio. Al contrario degli europei, gli americani hanno compiuto un'approfondita opera di ricerca e promozione di queste specie, per tre delle quali (mandorlo, noce e pistacchio) essi sono divenuti i maggiori produttori del mondo. Appare quindi indispensabile una stretta collaborazione fra i ricercatori dei paesi dell'area mediterranea per fronteggiare la concorrenza americana. L'articolo che pubblichiamo presenta un'analisi della situazione economica delle quattro specie prese in esame, evidenziando i problemi e suggerendo i mezzi per risolverli. AN: 83-946654 Record 258 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effect of processing on some chemical constituents of pistachio nuts. AU: Luh,-B.S.; Wong,-W.S.; El-Shimi,-N.E. SO: Journal-of-Food-Quality (USA). (1982). v. 5(1) p. 33-41. LA: En (English) AN: 83-944651 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 259 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Studies related to the description and evaluation of pistachio nut quality [Genotype, production area, maturity, moisture content, degree of shell staining, and storage]. AU: Kader,-A.A.; Heintz,-C.M.; Labavitch,-J.M.; Rae,-H.L. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1982). v. 107(5) p. 812-816. LA: En (English) AN: 83-944650*LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 260 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. II. Chemical composition. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1982). v. 57(4) p. 469-476. LA: En (English) AN: 83-929349 Record 261 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Present situation of the pistachio crop and ongoing research]. [Conference paper]. OT: Situazione attuale della coltura del pistacchio e ricerche in corso. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. CA: Incontro frutticolo su "frutta secca" e mostra pomologica. 6. Convegno pomologico. Caserta (Italy). 24 Oct 1980. SO: Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura, Rome (Italy). [Proceedings of fruit-growing meeting on "dried fruit" and pomology exhibition [hazel, almond, walnut]]. Atti dell' incontro frutticolo su "frutta secca" e mostra pomologica [nocciolo, mandorlo, noce]. Rome (Italy). [1982]. p. 159-165. 24 ref.; LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-927680 Record 262 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Present situation of the pistachio industry and current research [in Italy]]. [Conference paper]. OT: Situazione attuale della coltura del pistacchio e ricerche in corso [in Italia]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. CA: 6. Convegno pomologico. Caserta (Italy). 24 Oct 1980. SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Frutticoltura,-Rome (Italy). (1980). v. 11 p. 117. Received 1983. LA: En (English); It (Italian) AN: 83-927679 Record 263 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Physiological and compositional changes associated with maturation of 'Kerman' pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera, quality, maturity indices]. AU: Labavitch,-J.M.; Heintz,-C.M.; Rae,-H.L.; Kader,-A.A. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1982). v. 107(4) p. 688-692. LA: En (English) AN: 83-910781 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 264 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [The pistachio [cultivation]]. OT: Il pistacchio [la coltivazione]. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Giornale-di-Agricoltura (Italy). (18 Jul - 15 Aug 1982). v. 92(28-30) p. 49-50. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-899525 Record 265 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Concepts of a growers' association [California, pistachio]. AU: Chavez,-H.B. SO: Proceedings: California 1980 Pecan Growers Conference, July 1, 1980, Visalia, California. [California] (USA). Cooperative Extension, University of California, Tulare County. 1980. p. 46-49. LA: En (English) AN: 83-898885 Record 266 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Invasion of pistachio orchards by navel orangeworm moths from almond orchards [Amyelois transitella, California]. AU: Andrews,-K.L.; Barnes,-M.M. SO: Environmental-Entomology (USA). (15 Apr 1982). v. 11(2) p. 278-279. LA: En (English) AN: 83-892135 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 267 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effects of ethephon on shell dehiscence and flower bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T.; Lin,-T.S. SO: HortScience (USA). (Jun 1982). v. 17(3) p. 383-384. LA: En (English) AN: 83-889779 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 268 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio production. rev. AU: Maranto,-J.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Feb 1982. 17 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-880572 Record 269 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Late evolutions in the pistachio market [in Italy]]. [Conference paper]. OT: Recenti evoluzioni del mercato del pistacchio [in Italia]. AU: Maugeri,-G. CA: Situazione e prospettive di miglioramento ed incremento della frutta secca in Italia. Foligno (Italy). 24-26 Jun 1981. SO: Frutticoltura (Italy). (Aug 1982). v. 44(8) p. 29-33. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-868848 Record 270 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Weed control in pistachio orchards. AU: Lange,-A.; Fischer,-B.; Kempen,-H.; Vargas,-R. SO: Feb 1982. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-863528 Record 271 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Ecological studies on the Pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz. in Iraq. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862414 Record 272 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Biological studies on the Pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) in Iraq. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 18 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862413 Record 273 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Seasonal abundance of different stages of the pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz., with special reference to its natural enemies [Iraq]. AU: Rizk,-G.N.; Ardini,-S.A. SO: Cairo (Egypt). Dec 1981. 9 p. LA: En (English) AN: 83-862412 Record 274 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Evaluation of clear polyethylene mulch for controlling Verticillium wilt in established pistachio nut groves [Verticillium dahliae, Pistacia vera]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Gaona,-S.A. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Feb 1982). v. 72(2) p. 243-246. LA: En (English) AN: 83-853990 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 275 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Growing of pistachio-almond crops on terraces]. OT: Vyrashchivanie fistashko-mindalevykh kul' tur na terrasakh. AU: Kravchenko,-V.I. CA: Gosudarstvennyj Komitet SSSR po Lesnomu Khozyajstvu, Moscow. Tsentral' noe Pravlenie NTO Lesnoj Promyshlennosti i Lesnogo Khozyajstva, Moscow. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Mar 1982). (no.3) p. 27-28. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 83-851164 Record 276 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Field practices involved in the establishment of pistachio seed plantations]. OT: Agrotekhnika sozdaniya semennykh plantatsij fistashki. AU: Bolotov,-S. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Mar 1982). (no.3) p. 30-32. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 83-851163 Record 277 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Pistachio crop: present situation and recent research]. OT: Coltura del pistacchio: situazione attuale e ricerche in corso. AU: Avanzato,-D.; Monastra,-F. SO: Informatore-di-Ortoflorofrutticoltura (Italy). (Jun 1982). v. 23(6) p. 15-19. LA: It (Italian) AN: 83-851162 Record 278 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Volatile components of roasted pistachio-nut [Pistacia vera]. AU: Soliman,-M.M.A.; Osman,-F.; El-Sawy,-A.A. SO: Agricultural-and-Biological-Chemistry (Japan). (Sep 1981). v. 45(9) p. 2123-2125. LA: En (English) AN: 83-849237 Record 279 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: The life history and pest status of the pistachio bud moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler, on Pistacia vera in Iran (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). AU: Samet,-K. SO: Entomologist's-Gazette (UK). (1982). v. 33(1) p. 33-34. LA: En (English) AN: 83-843357 Record 280 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Pistachio variety Sirora. AU: Maggs,-D.H. SO: Journal-of-the-Australian-Institute-of-Agricultural-Science (Australia). (1981). v. 47(2) p. 109-110. LA: En (English) AN: 83-841932 Record 281 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: World pistachio and walnut situation: 1981. SO: Oct 1981. 3 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-829161 Record 282 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Morphology and reproduction of pistachio [Cultivars, California]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: Horticultural-Reviews (USA). (1981). v. 3 p. 376-393. LA: En (English) AN: 82-821679 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 283 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Design and development of an automatic electro-optical sorter for removing BGY [bright-greening yellow] fluorescent pistachio nuts [Aflatoxin contamination control]. AU: Farsaie,-A.; McClure,-W.F.; Monroe,-R.J. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE-[American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers] (USA). (Sep-Oct 1981). v. 24(5) p. 1372-1375. LA: En (English) AN: 82-818105 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 284 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio cultivars as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. 1. Growth [Iran]. AU: Sepaskhah,-A.R.; Maftoun,-M. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1981). v. 56(4) p. 277-284. LA: En (English) AN: 82-811514 Record 285 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Contribution to the study of pistachio insects. Bioecology of Eurytoma Plotnikovi Nik (hym. eurytomidae)]. OT: Contribution de l' etude de l' entomofaune du pistachier; bioecologie de Eurytoma plotnikovi Nik (hym. eurytomidae). AU: Jarraya,-A.; Helali,-T. SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-National-de-la-Recherche-Agronomique-de-Tunisie (Tunisia). (1977). v. 5(pt.1) 80 p. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-02368. LA: Fr (French) AN: 82-767608 Record 286 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Weed control in pistachio orchards. AU: Lange,-A.; Fischer,-B.; Kempen,-H.; Vargas,-R. SO: Nov 1980. 11 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-735234 Record 287 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Record U.S. walnut crop pushes world production to new high; world pistachio crop rebounds. AU: Grenier,-G.C. SO: Dec 1980. 17 p. LA: En (English) AN: 82-730571 Record 288 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Translocation and distribution of 14C [carbon isotope]-photosynthates in bearing and nonbearing pistachio branches. AU: Takeda,-F.; Ryugo,-K.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1980). v. 105(5) p. 642-644. LA: En (English) AN: 82-712434 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 289 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: The effect of ethephon on ripening and splitting of pistachio nuts [Harvesting aid]. AU: Torabi,-M. SO: HortScience (USA). (Aug 1980). v. 15(4) p. 521. LA: En (English) AN: 81-696119 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 290 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: [Germination trials on seeds of Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. [Pistachio]]. OT: Prove di germinabilita di semi delle specie Pistacia vera L. e Pistacia terebinthus L. AU: Casini,-E.; Conticini,-L. SO: Rivista-di-Agricoltura-Subtropicale-e-Tropicale (Italy). (Jul-Dec 1979). v. 73(3-4) p. 233-240. LA: It (Italian) ENAB: This note reports the results of a germination trial carried out on seeds of Pistacia vera (cv. Napoletana) and Pistacia terebinthus L. Aim of the trial was to investigate the possibility of increasing the rate of germination by the following treatments: soaking in GA(,3) solutions at 50 and 500 ppm, soaking in water, pre-sowing refrigeration. As far as Pistachio is concerned, the best results were obtained by soaking the seeds in a GA(,3) solution at 50 ppm for 7 days (germination 79% against 50% in the control); with Terebinth the most effective treatments were respectively: soaking in GA(,3) solution at 500 ppm for 15 days (38% germination), soaking in GA(,3) solution at 50 ppm still for 15 days (31% germination) and pre-sowing refrigeration at 3-6 deg. C for 15 days (29% germination) in comparison to a germination rate of 10% in the control. FRAB: Cette note donne les resultats d' un essai de germinations conduit sur graines de Pistacia vera (cv. Napoletana) et Pistacia terebinthus L. prealablement soumis a differents traitements (immersion dans l' eau, refrigeration avant-semis, immersion dans des solutions de GA(,3) a raison de 50 et de 500 ppm) au but d' augmenter le pourcentage de germination. En ce qui concerne les graines de Pistachier, les meilleurs resultats ont ete obtenus avec l' immersion dans une solution de GA(,3) 50 ppm pour 7 jours (germination 79% contre 50% du controle); pour le Terebinthe, les traitements les plus efficaces ont ete la refrigeration avant-semis a 3-6 deg. C pour 15 jours (germination 29%) et l' immersion dans solutions de GA(,3) a raison de 50 ppm pour 15 jours et de 500 ppm pour 15 jours (germination respectivement de 31% et de 28% contre le 10% du controle). AO: ITALIANO: Nella nota si riferiscono i risultati di prove di germinabilita di semi di Pistacia vera (var. Napoletana) e di Pistacia terebinthus L. sottoposti a vari trattamenti (immersione in acqua, refrigerazione pre-semina, immersione in soluzioni di GA(,3) a 50 e 500 ppm) al fine di elevare la percentuale di germinazione. Per quanto riguarda i semi di pistacchio, i migliori risultati si sono avuti con l'immersione dei semi in una soluzione di GA(,3) a 50 ppm per 7 giorni (79% contro il 50% del controllo). Per il terebinto, i trattamenti piu efficaci sono risultati: la refrigerazione pre-semina a 3-6 deg. C per 15 giorni (29%), l'immersione in soluzione di GA(,3) a 50 ppm per 15 giorni (31%) e 500 ppm sempre per 15 giorni (38%), rispetto alla percentuale di germinazione del 10% rilevata nel controllo. AN: 81-685044 Record 291 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Dual-wavelength fiber optic photometer measures fluorescence of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts. AU: McClure,-W.F.; Farsaie,-A. SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE-[American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers] (USA). (Jan-Feb 1980). v. 23(1) p. 204-207. LA: En (English) AN: 81-682435 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 292 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Xenia and metaxenia in pistachio [Pistacia vera, Pistacia atlantica, pollination]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Iwakiri,-B.T. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1980). v. 15(2) p. 184-185. LA: En (English) AN: 81-663625 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 293 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Respiration and ethylene production of the developing 'Kerman' pistachio fruit [Pistacia vera]. AU: Toumadje,-A.; Crane,-J.C.; Kader,-A.A. SO: HortScience (USA). (Dec 1980). v. 15(6) p. 725-726. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654662 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 294 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Differential partitioning of boron and calcium in shoots of seedlings of two pistachio [Pistacia vera] cultivars. AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Wallace,-A. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition (USA). (1980). v. 2(1/2) p. 236-266. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654661 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 295 of 947 in AGRIS 1981 - 1985 TI: Effect of strength of nutrient solution on the growth and nutrient uptake of pistachio seedlings [Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus]. AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Wallace,-A. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition (USA). (1980). v. 2(1/2) p. 257-261. LA: En (English) AN: 81-654660 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 296 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Ecological and biological studies of pistachio bark beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) in Mosul region [Iraq]. OT: Dira:sa:tu bi:' i:yatu wa h"aya:ti:yati li-h*unfisa:' qalaf al-fustuqi Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) fi: mant*aqat al-mwusil [3ira:q]. AU: Abdallah,-S.A. CA: Mosul Univ. (Iraq). Coll. of Agriculture and Forestry. SO: Mosul (Iraq). Jan 1980. 325 p. LA: Ar (Arabic) AN: 80-568700 Record 297 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: A nutritional disorder in Pistachio [vera] from near Athens, Greece. AU: Procopiou,-J.; Wallace,-A. SO: Communications-in-the-Soil-Science-and-Plant-Analysis (USA). (1978). v. 9(10) p. 931-934. LA: En (English) AN: 80-539987 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 298 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Correlation between climatic data and aflatoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Aspergillus flavus]. AU: Danesh,-D.; Mojtahedi,-H.; Barnett,-R.; Campbell,-A. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Jul 1979). v. 69(7) p. 715-716. LA: En (English) AN: 80-539646 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 299 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Development of pistachio and almond production in the Near East. AU: Khalife,-T.S. CA: FAO, Rome (Italy). Plant Production and Protection Div. SO: Jul 1979. 32 p. RN: FAO-AGPC-MISC-69. LA: En (English) ENAB: Problems, potentials and priorities, giving recommendations for breeding and varietal selection. AN: 80-526686 Record 300 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Forecasting of common pistachio yields according to meteorological factors [Tadzhik SSR, Turkmen SSR, Uzbek SSR]]. OT: Prognoz urozhajnosti fistashki nastoyashchej po meteorologicheskim faktoram. AU: Borsuk,-V.E.; Glazyrin,-G.E. CA: Gosudarstvennyj Komitet SSSR po Lesnoj, Tsellyulozno-Bumazhnoj i Derevoobrabatyvayushchej Promyshlennosti i Lesnomu Khozyajstvu, Moscow. SO: Lesnoe-Khozyajstvo (USSR). (Aug 1979). (no.8) p. 45-47. LA: Ru (Russian) AN: 80-519179 Record 301 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Levels of total azinphos-methyl components on pistachio [Pistacia vera] pericarp, shell, and kernel [Pesticide residues]. AU: Archer,-T.E.; Gauer,-W.O. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1979). v. 14(2) p. 137-138. LA: En (English) AN: 80-494368 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 302 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The unique response of the pistachio [Pistacia vera] tree to inadequate winter chilling [California]. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Takeda,-F. SO: HortScience (USA). (Apr 1979). v. 14(2) p. 135-137. LA: En (English) AN: 80-493889 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 303 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Study of pistachio insects: Geographical distribution of Megastigmus pistaciae (Hym. Torymidae) and Eurytoma plotnikovi (Hym. Eurytomidae) in Tunisia [Pistacia vera injurious insects]. OT: Contribution a l' etude de l' entomofaune du pistachier. Sur la distribution spatiale en Tunisie. AU: Jarraya,-A.; Helai,-T. SO: Bulletin-des-Recherches-Agronomiques-de-Gembloux (Belgium). (1978). v. 13(3) p. 215-232. issued oct 1979. LA: Fr (French) AN: 80-484203 Record 304 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Toxic Aspergilli from pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Rabie,-C.J.; Luebben,-A.; Steyn,-M.; Danesh,-D. SO: Mycopathologia (Netherlands). (31 May 1979). v. 67(2) p. 123-127. LA: En (English) AN: 79-468118 Record 305 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Culture of pistachio in Iran]. OT: Pistazienanbau im Iran. AU: Firuzeh,-P.; Luedders,-P. SO: Erwerbsobstbau (Germany, F.R.). (1978). v. 20(12) p. 254-258. LA: De (German) AN: 79-461714 Record 306 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Pistachia vera, Aspergillus flavus, role of relative humidity]. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Danesh,-D.; Haghighi,-B.; Barnett,-R. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1978). v. 68(12) p. 1800-1804. LA: En (English) AN: 79-446706 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 307 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Pistillate flower bud development in pistachio [Pistacia vera]. AU: Takeda,-F.; Crane,-J.C.; Lin,-J. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1979). v. 104(2) p. 229-232. LA: En (English) AN: 79-445619 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 308 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts [Pistachia vera, Aspergillus flavus, role of relative humidity]. AU: Mojtahedi,-H.; Danesh,-D.; Haghighi,-B.; Barnett,-R. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1978). v. 68(12) p. 1800-1804. LA: En (English) AN: 79-437333 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 309 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Suggestions on prevention of aflatoxin formation in pistachio nuts. AU: Denizel,-T. SO: Archives-de-l'Institut-Pasteur-de-Tunis (Tunisia). (Sep-Dec 1977). v. 54(no.3-4) p. 433-440. RN: CNDA-TN-Access.No.-01729. LA: Fr (French) AN: 79-417224 Record 310 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Navel orangeworm [Amyelois transitella]: a pest of pistachio [Pistacia vera] nuts in California. AU: Rice,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology (USA). (Oct 1978). v. 71(5) p. 822-824. LA: En (English) AN: 79-390762 Record 311 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Development of indices for sorting Iranian pistachio nuts according to fluorescence [for purpose of detecting aflatoxin contaminated nuts]. AU: Farsaie,-A.; McClure,-W.F.; Monroe,-R.J. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Sep-Oct 1978). v. 43(5) p. 1550-1552. LA: En (English) AN: 79-365052 Record 312 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in pistachio nuts prior to harvest [Aflatoxin]. AU: Thomson,-S.V.; Mehdy,-M.C. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Aug 1978). v. 68(8) p. 1112-1114. LA: En (English) AN: 79-360224 Record 313 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Pistachio tree [Pistachia vera, patents]. AU: Ruehle,-E.C. SO: 4 Oct 1977. 3 p. LA: En (English) AN: 78-343610 Record 314 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Quality of pistachio nuts [Pistacia vera] as affected by time of harvest. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1978). v. 103(3) p. 332-333. LA: En (English) AN: 78-340800 Record 315 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Bibliography on pistachio (Pistacia vera) (1960-1976) [37 ref.]]. OT: Bibliografia sobre pistacho (Pistacia vera) (1960-1976) [37 ref.]. CA: Centro Interamericano de Documentacion e Informacion Agricola, Turrialba (Costa Rica). SO: Turrialba (Costa Rica). IICA. 1977. 3 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 78-330659 Record 316 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The structure of the glycerides of pistachio kernel oil. AU: Daneshrad,-A. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Mar 1978). v. 55(3) p. 317-319. LA: En (English) AN: 78-316922 Record 317 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The responses of young pistachio seedlings to seven soil mixes and four fertilizer levels. AU: Yousif,-Y.H. SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture (Iraq). Majalat/u Zir,aat Al-rafidayn. (1977). v. 12(1) p. 43-54. LA: En (English) AN: 78-278887 Record 318 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: New method of vegetative multiplication of physiologically adult branches of pistachio, walnut and pecan trees. OT: Nouvelle methode de multiplication vegetative de rameaux physiologiquement adultes, de pistachier, noyer et pacanier. AU: Assaf,-R. SO: Fruits (France). (May 1977). v. 32(5) p. 309-319. LA: Fr (French) AN: 78-247296 Record 319 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Carbohydrate and nitrogen levels in pistachio [Pistacia vera] branches as related to shoot extension and yield. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Al-Shalan,-I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 102(4) p. 396-399. LA: En (English) AN: 78-226194 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 320 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Response of pistachio [Pistacia vera] to low soil moisture conditions. AU: Spiegel-Roy,-P.; Mazigh,-D.; Evenari,-M. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 102(4) p. 470-473. LA: En (English) AN: 78-224491 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 321 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Composition of pistachio kernels of various Iranian origins. AU: Kamangar,-T.; Farsam,-H. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Jul 1977). v. 42(4) p. 1135-1136. LA: En (English) AN: 77-222307 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 322 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Mineral element changes in pistachio [Pistacia vera] leaves. AU: Uriu,-K.; Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Mar 1977). v. 102(2) p. 155-158. LA: En (English) AN: 77-178186 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 323 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio tree: planting and growth]. OT: El pistacho y su cultivo. AU: Arakelian,-J.P. CA: Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Facultad de Agronomia. SO: Buenos Aires (Argentina). 1975. 37 p. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 77-177560 Record 324 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Moisture-equilibrium relative humidity relationships in pistachio nuts with particular regard to control of aflatoxin formation. AU: Denizel,-T.; Rolfe,-E.J.; Jarvis,-B. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (UK). (1976). v. 27(11) p. 1027-1034. LA: En (English) AN: 77-170647 Record 325 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. AU: Denizel,-T.; Jarvis,-B.; Rolfe,-E.J. SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture (UK). (1976). v. 27(11) p. 1021-1026. LA: En (English) AN: 77-170646 Record 326 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Verticillium wilt of the pistachio nut tree: occurrence in California and control by soil fumigation [Fungal diseases]. AU: Ashworth,-L.J. Jr.; Zimmerman,-G. SO: Phytopathology (USA). (Dec 1976). v. 66(12) p. 1449-1451. LA: En (English) AN: 77-155461 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 327 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Chemical composition of the pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) of Kerman, Iran. AU: Shokraii,-E.H. SO: Journal-of-Food-Science (USA). (Jan 1977). v. 42(1) p. 244-245. LA: En (English) AN: 77-152952 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 328 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera) kernels. AU: Clarke,-J.A.; Brar,-G.S.; Procopiou,-J. SO: Qualitas-Plantarum (Netherlands). (15 Sep 1976). v. 25(3) p. 219-225. LA: En (English) AN: 77-141077 Record 329 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Effects of four rootstocks on yield and quality of pistachio [Pistacia] nuts. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Forde,-H.I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Sep 1976). v. 101(5) p. 604-606. LA: En (English) AN: 77-125747 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 330 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Carbohydrate levels in the pistachio as related to alternate bearing. AU: Crane,-J.C.; Catlin,-P.B.; Al-Shalan,-I. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (Jul 1976). v. 101(4) p. 371-374. LA: En (English) AN: 76-121712 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 331 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Technical memo, pistachio tree. OT: Fiche technique, pistachier. CA: Ministere de l' Agriculture et de la Reforme Agraire, Rabat (Morocco). Dir. de la Recherche Agronomique. SO: Rabat (Morocco). Direction de la Recherche Agronomique. Jan 1976. 15 p. LA: Fr (French) AN: 76-093354 Record 332 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Characteristics of pistachio kernel oils from Iranian cultivars. AU: Kamangar,-T.; Farrohi,-F.; Mehran,-M. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Dec 1975). v. 52(12) p. 512-513. LA: En (English) AN: 76-090664 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 333 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin. AU: Dickens,-J.W.; Welty,-R.E. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society (USA). (Nov 1975). v. 52(11) p. 448-450. LA: En (English) AN: 76-090307 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 334 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Varieties of pistachio, 2]. OT: Variedades del pistache, 2. CA: Comision Nacional de Fruticultura, Mexico, DF. SO: Tierra (Mexico). (Apr 1975). v. 30(4) p. 238-243. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 76-083600 Record 335 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio [Pistacia vera] a promising fruit tree for arid zones [Mexico]]. OT: El pistache; un frutal de porvenir para las zonas aridas. CA: Comision Nacional de Fruticultura, Mexico City. SO: Tierra (Mexico). (Mar 1975). v. 30(3) p. 145-147, 174-175. LA: Es (Spanish) AN: 76-069658 Record 336 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: The role of seed abortion and parthenocarpy in the production of blank pistachio nuts as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane,-J.C. SO: Journal-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (USA). (May 1975). v. 100(3) p. 267-270. LA: En (English) AN: 75-040639 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 337 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: Effects of sodium chloride on seedling growth of two major varieties of Iranian pistachio (Pistachia vera L.). AU: Parsa,-A.A.; Karimian,-N. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science (UK). (1975). v. 50(1) p. 41-46. LA: En (English) AN: 75-037011 Record 338 of 947 in AGRIS 1975 - 1980 TI: [Pistachio growing and relative prospects]. OT: La coltura del pistacchio e le sue prospettive. AU: Maugeri,-A. SO: Frutticoltura (Italy). (Jan 1975). v. 37(1) p. 15-24. LA: It (Italian) AN: 75-021461 Record 339 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: An anatomic analysis of the extent of compatibility in the pistachio seedlings budded in different periods. AU: Okay-Y; Buyukkartal-N; Arpaci-S SO: Hacettepe-Bulletin-of-Natural-Sciences-and-Engineering,-Series-A-Biology-and-Chemistry. 2000, 29: 47-59; 18 ref. LA: English AB: In experiments with Pistacia vera seedlings, the effects of budding date (spring or autumn) were studied on anatomic structure of the budded parts and cambial activity. The cambial bond among the budding elements established earlier in seedlings budded in spring than in autumn. Compatibility in the budded part occurred faster with spring budding than with autumn budding. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013037043 Record 340 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Estimation of leaf area by non-destructive methods in three Iranian pistachio species (Pistacia mutica subsp. cabulica, P. khinjuk subsp. oblonga and P. khinjuk subsp. populifolia). AU: Ranjbar-A; Damme-P-van; van-Damme-P SO: Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 1999, 64: 2, 49-56; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The length of midrib and the maximum width of lamina (for all leaflets of each leaf) of 180 leaves P. khinjuk subsp. populifolia, P. khinjuk subsp. oblonga and P. mutica subsp. cabulica (60 leaves from each subspecies) were used to develop non-destructive leaf area prediction models. Most models exhibited very significant predictive ability as shown by R2 values which ranged 0.88-0.98. However, a number of models were identified as being best suited for fieldwork and having good predictive value. These models combine leaf width and length according to [(L1 x W1) +(L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] x (µ/4), [(L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2) + (L3 x W3)] and (W1 + W2 + W3), where L1, L2, L3 are the length of the apical leaf's midrib, the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the left and the length of the first leaflet nearest to the apical leaf on the right, respectively; and W1, W2, W3 are the maximum width of lamina for L1, L2 and L3 respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013039239 Record 341 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of water stress on Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Morgan-DP; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH SO: Plant-Disease. 2001, 85: 7, 745-749; 33 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of water potential (psi) on spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea, and development of Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio caused by this fungus were studied in the laboratory and greenhouse. In laboratory tests, spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial growth of B. dothidea increased as psi decreased from 0 to -2.0 MPa and declined as psi decreased below -2.0 MPa. Water stress (psi < -0.260 MPa) increased the severity of Botryosphaeria blight on young detached pistachio leaves. In greenhouse inoculation experiments, drought-stressed 2-year-old pistachio trees (leaf psi < -0.635 MPa) developed more severe Botryosphaeria blight disease than the nonstressed trees (psi > -0.485 MPa) in both 1999 and 2000 experiments. In a similar experiment using 1-year-old potted pistachio trees in 2000, withholding water treatments did not cause enough drought stress in pistachio leaves (psi > -0.584 MPa) and did not result in higher disease than the nonstressed trees (psi = -0.466 MPa). The correlation coefficient between psi and disease index for 1999 experiments was 0.954, and for 2000 experiments I and II was 0.981 and 0.939, respectively. These results indicate that drought stress can be a major predisposing factor of pistachio to infection by B. dothidea. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013102312 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 342 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Result of aflatoxin examination of Iranian pistachio nuts imported from Iran to Japan. AU: Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 83-86; 2 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: An article discussing the quality of pistachio nuts being imported by Japan from Iran is presented. The tolerance limit for aflatoxin B1 is fixed at < 10 ppb. In 1981, only 4 kg/lot samples were taken but as the presence of aflatoxin B1 increased, the sampling system was revised to collect 8 kg/lot samples. The number of cargo from Iran, rejected at ports in Japan, was 15-20%/year upto 1996 but in 1997 and 1998, rejected lots were > 30%. Recently, the quality of pistachio nuts from Iran were observed to improve. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133267 Record 343 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Aflatoxin contamination in commercial pistachio nuts. AU: Tabata-S SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 87-93; 9 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: 621 samples of pistachio nuts from commercial markets, collected between 1982 and 1999, were tested for aflatoxin (AF). AF was found in 18 of 621 (3% incidence) samples with the level of AFB1 ranging from 0.8 to 1380 ppb. 72% of the positive samples were over the regulatory level of contamination in Japan (10 ppb). AFB-type was predominant and only one sample contained AFG-type. All the positive samples were imported from Iran except for one, which was imported from the USA. It is suggested that tougher controls at import should be implemented to reduce the contamination of pistachios in commercial markets to a level below the allowed standard of contamination. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133268 Record 344 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Present situation for production of pistachio nuts in Iran. AU: Takahashi-H; Okano-S; Ichinoe-M SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 95-102; 20 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: The presence of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were measured in the harvest, warehouse, and final processing sites in Yazd and Kerman, Iran in the year 2000. A. flavus was isolated in the split fruits, insect-damaged fruits, running and still water for washing and sorting, and in the warehouse air. It was not detected in the field soil. The results indicated that fungi could be controlled within these processing steps. 5 samples were sorted through hand-picking while one sample was sorted by the floating method, and both were examined for aflatoxin after sorting. A. flavus was detected in the nuts sorted by floating and in the dark-stained nuts sorted by hand-picking. Aflatoxin B and G were detected only in the samples of stained nuts sorted by hand-picking. The results suggest that sorting by hand-picking and appearance could decrease aflatoxin contamination of pistachios produced by Iran. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133269 Record 345 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains in the imported Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Ichinoe-M; Saito-T; Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 2001, 51: 2, 109-114; 8 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: Aflatoxin-positive samples of pistachios from Iran were analysed. The incidence of aflatoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus flavus was higher in these samples than that in aflatoxin-negative samples of pistachios. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013133272 Record 346 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Walnut and pistachio: a resource for the Mediterranean fruticulture. OT: Frutta secca: noce e pistacchio: una risorsa per la frutticoltura mediterranea. AU: Avanzato-D SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 2001, 63: 10, 31-35; 19 ref. LA: Italian AB: Information is outlined on world supplies of walnut and the situation in Italy. Data are tabulated on production developments in the main countries producing walnut (China, France, India, Italy, Turkey, the USA and Chile) for 1968-2000. Descriptions are provided for the main walnut cultivars produced worldwide, i.e. Chandler, Fernor, Franquette, Hartley, Lara, Payne, Serr and Tulare, and for those grown in Italy, i.e. Bleggiana, Feltrina, Malizia and Sorrento. Data are tabulated on walnut production in Italy. Developments are outlined in pistachio consumption. Descriptions are provided for pistachio cultivars Bianca (Napoletana), Cerasola, Larnaka, Sfax, Ask and Peters. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013148242 Record 347 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Phytophthora pistaciae sp. nov. and P. melonis: the principal causes of pistachio gummosis in Iran. AU: Mirabolfathy-M; Cooke-DEL; Duncan-JM; Williams-NA; Ershad-D; Azizolah-Alizadeh SO: Mycological-Research. 2001, 105: 10, 1166-1175; many ref. LA: English AB: Two non-papillate species of Phytophthora are the principal cause of pistachio gummosis in Iran. Their previous description as P. megasperma and P. drechsleri was re-examined in the light of RFLPs and sequence comparisons of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA. Both taxa were more closely related to a clade comprising P. sojae, P. cajani, P. vignae, P. melonis and P. sinensis than to the unrelated P. megasperma s. str. or P. drechsleri. The P. megasperma-like isolates from pistachio differed from all the above taxa in morphology, ITS sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns, and are described as a new species, P. pistaciae. The P. drechsleri-like isolates from pistachio had identical ITS sequences to those of P. melonis, P. sinensis and P. drechsleri-like isolates from cucurbits in Iran and the AFLP profiles of P. melonis, P. sinensis and the P. drechsleri-like isolates from pistachio were virtually identical. This and other published isoenzyme and mitochondrial DNA evidence suggests these taxa should be considered conspecific and all subsumed within P. melonis with a revised host range and geographical distribution. The relationships of P. melonis and P. pistaciae with other members belonging to the same ITS clade are considered. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013164550 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 348 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Resistance of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio to iprodione. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Plant-Disease. 2001, 85: 2, 183-188; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Out of 79 field-collected isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, causal agent of panicle and shoot blight of California pistachio, 1 had low resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide iprodione (effective fungicide concentration to inhibit 50% of mycelial growth [EC50]=2.726 µg/ml), whereas all the other isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 1 µg/ml). B. dothidea isolates readily developed resistance to iprodione in vitro. Furthermore, these in vitro-derived iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates retained high virulence on pistachio. The EC50 values for these IR isolates were greater than 25 µg/ml, whereas the EC50 values for the original wild-type counterparts were less than 1 µg/ml. Iprodione resistance significantly declined when these IR isolates were propagated on pistachio leaves in the absence of the fungicide. IR isolates also were resistant to vinclozolin, another dicarboximide fungicide, but sensitive to tebuconazole and benomyl. IR isolates showed an increase in osmotic sensitivity on media amended with NaCl. Applications of iprodione at 500 µg/ml, which is effective against naturally sensitive isolates, failed to control disease caused by IR isolates in both the laboratory and greenhouse. The results indicate that, although naturally occurring IR isolates of B. dothidea may be rare in California pistachio orchards, the fungus readily develops resistance to iprodione in vitro and, more importantly, retains high levels of virulence on pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013019933 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 349 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Root characteristics of genotypes of pistachio Pistacia spp. after attack by Phymatotrichum omnivorum. OT: Caracteristicas radicales de genotipos de pistachero Pistacia spp en relacion al ataque de Phymatotrichum omnivorum. AU: Tarango-Rivero-SH; Lozoya-Portillo-R; Chavez-Sanchez-N SO: Revista-Mexicana-de-Fitopatologia. 1997, 15: 1, 37-42; 20 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: The ultrastructure of 10 genotypes of Pistacia spp. were observed. In in vitro experiments no roots of pistachio species were shown to have pre-existent antibiotics against Phymatotrichum omnivorum [Phymatotrichopsis omnivorum], although extracts of Pistacia texana reduced the mycelial growth rate of the fungus. P. texana periderm has more cork cell layers, fewer smaller lenticels, and many corky bulks. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013024933 Record 350 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effect of the quantity of inoculation and incubation time of Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear Duggar) on root damage of pistachio Pistacia atlantica (Desf.). OT: Efecto de la cantidad de inoculo y del tiempo de incubacion de Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear duggar en el dano radical de pistachero Pistacia atlantica (Desf.). AU: Tarango-Rivero-SH; Herrera-Perez-T SO: Revista-Mexicana-de-Fitopatologia. 1997, 15: 1, 48-51; 18 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Taproots of young Pistacia atlantica were inoculated with 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 ml of Phymatotrichum omnivorum [Phymatotrichopsis omnivora] sclerotia and incubated for 20, 40 and 60 days. The percentage of infected taproots increased with inoculum density. However, a significant interaction occurred between 3 ml sclerotium density and 60 d incubation time. A similar response was observed with 6 ml inoculum density and 40 and 60 d incubation. Foliar symptoms varied from leaves turning dull green, yellow and/or purple in some trees, to drastic dehydration, defoliation and resprouting in others. Max. Tree death of 25% occurred at 60 d incubation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013024935 Record 351 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Identification and quantification of the major endogenous cytokinins in pistachio seedlings. AU: Ahmadi-M; Baker-DA SO: Plant-Growth-Regulation. 2000, 32: 2-3, 351-357; 47 ref. LA: English AB: The major endogenous cytokinins, zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) in pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera cv. Ohadi) were purified by HPLC and their identities confirmed using GC-MS. The aerial parts of two-year-old pistachio seedlings including mature leaves, young leaves, lateral buds, debarked stems and bark were subjected to analysis. All of the above mentioned cytokinins were identified in the aerial parts except DHZ which was only present in mature leaves. Z-type cytokinins contributed almost 43% of the total cytokinins. ZR and DHZR were identified as the major ribosides and iP as the main base. The greatest concentration of ZR was detected in the bark, amounting to about 48%. DHZR and ZR constituted the major portion of the total cytokinins detected in both young and mature leaves while Z was detected as a minor cytokinin in leaves. The sharp increase of iP concentration during leaf maturation indicates that mature leaves are probably capable of de novo biosynthesis of cytokinins. The absence of DHZ (except in mature leaves) and the presence of considerable concentrations of DHZR in pistachio stems suggests that these tissues are able to metabolize DHZ to DHZR. The large amount of ZR in pistachio leaves suggests that root derived ZR is transported into the leaves after loading into the xylem. The presence of high amounts of iP in pistachio lateral buds indicates that iP has been accumulated in these parts. The occurrence of a different cytokinin distribution pattern in buds compared to the other aerial parts, possibly resulted from their different metabolism. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013047857 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6903%28000000%2932%3A2-3%3C351%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 352 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Resistance of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio to iprodione. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Resistant-Pest-Management. 2000, 11: 1. LA: English AB: Seventy-nine isolates (collected from 8 pistachio orchards in California, USA, from 1997 to 1999) were used to assess the sensitivity of B. dothidea to iprodione. All but one (which was low-resistant, EC50=2.726 µg/ml) were sensitive (EC50 < 1 µg/ml) to iprodione. The isolates readily developed resistance to iprodione in the laboratory. The laboratory-derived iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates retained high virulence to pistachio. Iprodione resistance significantly declined when these IR isolates were propagated on pistachio leaves in the absence of the fungicide. IR isolates were also resistant to vinclozolin, but sensitive to tebuconazole and benomyl. Applications of 500 µg ipridione/ml were effective against naturally sensitive isolates, but failed to control disease caused by IR isolates in both the laboratory and greenhouse. The results indicate that, although naturally occurring IR isolates of B. dothidea may be rare in California pistachio orchards, the fungus readily develops resistance to iprodione in the laboratory, and most importantly, retains high levels of virulence on pistachio. Alternating applications of tebuconazole, benomyl, and iprodione thus may delay iprodione resistant development in pistachio B. dothidea isolates. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013055168 Record 353 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Insufficient spring irrigation increases abnormal splitting of pistachio nuts. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ; Goldhamer-DA; Morgan-DP SO: California-Agriculture. 2001, 55: 3, 28-31; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Abnormal pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts, known as early-split nuts have both the hull and shell split while still on the tree, exposing the kernel to invasion by insects and moulds. Commercial pistachio orchards in California were surveyed during harvesting from 1991-93 to determine typical incidences of early-split nuts. Deficit irrigation of pistachio trees in April and May resulted in substantial increases in the formation of early-split nuts in late summer, while extreme deficit irrigation in July and August resulted in decreased formation. However, deficit irrigation during the period of shell hardening, mainly in June, did not affect early-split formation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013096717 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 354 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata) resistance in pistachio (Pistacia vera) and selection of resistant genotypes. AU: Chao-CCT; Parfitt-DE; Michailides-TJ SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 2001, 126: 4, 481-485; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio (P. vera) progeny were evaluated at two locations (Winters and Parlier) in California, USA for resistance to Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata in 1995 and 1997. Large differences in Alternaria late blight infection among seedlings were observed. Narrow sense heritabilities based on half-sib analysis of 20 open pollinated families were 0.48 and 0.11 at Kearney Agricultural Centre in 1995 and 1997, respectively, and 0.56 and 0.54 at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchard near Davis in 1995 and 1997, respectively. Differences among families to Alternaria late blight infection were highly significant and associated with the female parents. Fifty-eight highly resistant seedlings were identified for future cultivar selection efforts. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013101911 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 355 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Population structure of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio and other hosts in California. AU: Ma-ZhongHua; Boehm-EWA; Luo-Yong; Michailides-TJ; Ma-ZH; Luo-Y SO: Phytopathology. 2001, 91: 7, 665-672; 32 ref. LA: English AB: Genetic diversity was investigated among California populations of Botryosphaeria dothidea, causal agent of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR). We surveyed 120 isolates, 112 of which originated from the California Central Valley , USA and included pistachio isolates (n = 52) and isolates from other plant species (n = 60). Out-group isolates (n = 8) were obtained from pistachio in Greece. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) between the RAPD- and MP-PCR dissimilarity data sets. Little genetic variation (haplotypic diversity [Hs] < 0.002) was detected among B. dothidea isolates collected from central and southern California pistachio plantings. We observed relatively high diversity for isolates from a northern California pistachio orchard (Hs = 0.0146), where the disease was first diagnosed, and from the Chico U.S. Department of Agriculture Germ Plasm Repository (Hs = 0.0726), where the first pistachio trees were planted in California in 1929. Isolates obtained from other hosts, especially those associated with the rare occurrence of the sexual stage of this fungus, showed the highest levels of diversity (Hs = 0.1689). Thirty-eight pistachio isolates (73.1%) had DNA fingerprints identical to 28 pycnidiospore-derived isolates (56.0%) obtained from other host species. Greenhouse inoculations demonstrated that all isolates obtained from other hosts were capable of infecting pistachio and produced characteristic disease symptomology. Thus, California populations of B. dothidea from pistachio are, for the most part, genetically uniform, with the sexual stage rare to absent. However, the rare occurrence of the sexual stage of B. dothidea on other hosts, and more importantly, the capacity of these isolates to infect pistachio, indicate that other host species may serve as sources of inoculum and genetic variation. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013102676 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 356 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Genetic variability in the pistachio late blight fungus, Alternaria alternata. AU: Aradhya-MK; Chan-HM; Parfitt-DE SO: Mycological-Research. 2001, 105: 3, 300-306; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Genetic variation in the pistachio late blight fungus, Alternaria alternata, was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the rDNA region. Southern hybridization of EcoRI, HindIII, and XbaI digested fungal DNA with a RNA probe derived from Alt1, an rDNA clone isolated from a genomic library of the Japanese pear pathotype of A. alternata, revealed 34 different rDNA haplotypes among 56 isolates collected from four central valley locations in California. Analysis of molecular variation revealed a significant amount of genetic diversity within populations (85.8%), with only marginal variation accounting for differentiation among populations (14.2%, phiST=0.142). All isolates examined were highly pathogenic. The identity of the four geographic populations sampled was not evident in both cluster and principal component analyses, probably indicating either the selectively neutral nature of rDNA variation or prevalence of widespread gene flow among populations combined with uniform host-selection. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013044137 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 357 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Gas exchange and leaf water status of two wild pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica) in their response to drought stress induced by a combination of salt and polyethylene glycol. AU: Ranjbar-A; Samson-R; Damme-P-van; Lemeur-R; van-Damme-P SO: Proceedings 6th PhD Symposium, Ghent, Belgium, 11 October 2000. Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 2000, 65: 4, 105-110; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of osmotic stress, induced by a combination of salt and PEG 6000, on some ecophysiological parameters (net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and osmotic adjustment) of 2 pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica) were investigated, and the osmotic stress tolerance of both species were compared. Both species were significantly and negatively affected by increasing concentration of salt and PEG 6000 in the nutrient solution. P. khinjuk showed higher resistance to drought compared with P. mutica. PT: Journal-article; Conference-paper AN: 20013051738 Record 358 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on physiological performance of two wild pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica). AU: Ranjbar-A; Samsom-R; Lemeur-R; Damme-P-van; van-Damme-P SO: Proceedings 6th PhD Symposium, Ghent, Belgium, 11 October 2000. Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 2000, 65: 4, 111-115; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on some ecophysiological parameters (leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance) of Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica were studied. Leaf water and osmotic potential of both species were significantly affected by decreasing the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution to -1 MPa. P. mutica showed more negative leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential than P. khinjuk. In both species, concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were significantly decreased by lowering the osmotic potential of nutrient solution to moderate stress (-1 MPa) and the lowest concentration was reached at severe stress (-1.5 MPa). The magnitude of the effect of drought stress on chlorophyll a content of P. khinjuk was significantly lower than that of P. mutica. The net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased with decreasing osmotic potential of nutrient solution. Photosynthetic performance in P. mutica was significantly superior to that of P. khinjuk, but control-compared reductions of the mentioned variables were the same in both species (42% and 75%, for net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively, at severe stress). The photosynthetic water use efficiency of both species was not affected by drought stress treatments. PT: Journal-article; Conference-paper AN: 20013051741 Record 359 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Potassium fertilization affects soil K, leaf K concentration, and nut yield and quality of mature pistachio trees. AU: Zeng-QiuPeng; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA; Zeng-QP SO: HortScience. 2001, 36: 1, 85-89; 35 ref. LA: English AB: A field experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 in California, USA, to examine the effects of K fertilization on leaf K, nut yield, and quality in pistachio (Pistacia vera). There were six treatments, including four annual rates of K application (0, 110, 220, and 330 kg ha-1) and three K sources (K2SO4, KCl, and KNO3). Pistachio trees exhibited highly fluctuating seasonal leaf K levels. Leaf K concentration was low ( < 10 g kg-1) during spring flush, increased dramatically during fruit development, and declined rapidly after harvest. Leaf K concentration increased following K fertilization. Potassium fertilization at the rate of 110 to 220 kg ha-1 K significantly increased nut yield and quality, but nut yield tended to decrease when the annual rate exceeded 220 kg ha-1 K. There were no significant differences among the K sources in their effects on leaf K concentration, nut yield, and quality. The use of KCl as a K source for 3 years did not increase leaf Cl concentration. There was a significant, positive correlation between nut yield and leaf K concentration during nut fill. The critical leaf K value for optimal pistachio production determined from 3 years' cumulative data was 16.9 g kg-1. For sustained production in highly productive pistachio orchards, we recommend annual application rates of 110 to 220 kg ha-1 K, using K2SO4, KCl, or KNO3. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013059134 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 360 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Biology of pistachio seed wasp [Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya (Hym.: Eurytomidae)] in Isfahan province, Iran. AU: Basirat-M; Seyedoleslami-H SO: Journal-of-Science-and-Technology-of-Agriculture-and-Natural-Resources. 2000, 4: 1, 137-148; 16 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: In 1996 and 1997 pistachio orchards in Isfahan Province were surveyed to determine the presence and damage levels by Eurytoma plotnikovi Nilolskaya and Megastigmus pistaciae Walker. In order to investigate seasonal population fluctuation of E. plotnikovi, larval, pupal and adult stages were monitored in three orchards. In each orchard, 200 nuts with more than 50% infestation to overwintering larvae were dissected and examined twice weekly. In 1997 in one orchard, at intervals of one week, 100 randomly selected fresh nuts were examined to determine oviposition trend and damage development. In this field, the biology of the pest was also compared to developmental stages of pistachio trees. In most orchards visited, E. plotnikovi was present and was the dominant species in relation to M. pistaciae and its damage varied between 0.8-75%. In 1997, start, peak, and end of pupal stage were observed on April 4th, May 7th and May 21st. Start, peak and end of adult emergence occurred on May 4th, May 18th and June 4th. In two other orchards, almost a similar trend was observed. Start, peak and end of oviposition were also observed on May 18th, May 28th and July 2nd. Development of pistachio tree was divided into nine stages and the above mentioned dates were compared to that. E. plotnikovi had one generation every one or two years. Only one egg was found in each infested fruit and first stage larvae had a long prefeeding period. The use of the information obtained from this study in the management of these pests is discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 20003001962 Record 361 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Iran's pistachio industry. OT: La coltivazione del pistacchio in Iran. AU: Javanshash-A; Avanzato-D; Hokmabadi-MH SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 2000, 62: 10, 90-92; 5 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: That Iran's pistachio industry plays an important role in the country's economy can be seen in the fact that there is a specific research institute just for pistachios at Kerman, the province that accounts for 80% of the crop. The cultivars are budded to P. vera seedling stocks, unlike in Italy where the rootstock is P. terebinthus and in the USA where it is P. integerrima or particular hybrids. Budding is performed in the orchard between years 2 and 3 and planting densities are high, the average ranging between 800 and 1600 trees/ha, as against the 250 trees/ha found in most modern orchards. The most widely employed cultivar is Ohady, the others being of minor interest and adapted to specific environments; all the cultivars are yellow-fleshed and suited to salting, unlike Sicilian pistachios which are green-fleshed and suited to industrial processing. While field budding to seedlings is the usual approach to propagation, some nurseries are now employing budded and potted scions that are transplanted in the field. The pistachio is a deciduous tree whose roots are ill-suited to unprotected transplanting, especially in Iran's arid environments. Most of the pistachio orchards are irrigated with small amounts of water high in salinity because it is drawn from deep wells. Although harvesting is still manual, it is performed rapidly so as to prevent problems with aflatoxin outbreaks, the crop being delivered from field to packing house for processing in no more than 24 hours. In terms of its plant pathology profile, while Iran's pistachio orchards share the same diseases found in other Mediterranean pistachio orchards, they are not vulnerable to nematodes despite using the nematode-susceptible P. vera rootstock. PT: Journal-article AN: 20003014802 Record 362 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Detection of pistachio nuts with closed-shells using impact acoustics. AU: Pearson-TC SO: 2000-ASAE-Annual-International-Meeting,-Milwaukee,-Wisconsin,-USA,-9-12-July-2000. 2000, 1-13; ASAE Paper No. 003068; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers; St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: An acoustical based sorting system was developed to separate pistachio nuts with closed-shells from those with open-shells. The system includes a microphone, digital signal processing hardware, material handling equipment, and an air reject mechanism. It was found that, upon impact with a steel plate, nuts with closed-shells emit sounds having higher amplitudes for the first 0.33 ms than nuts with open-shells. After this time, nuts with closed-shells emit sounds having lower amplitudes than those with open-shells. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify nuts using three features extracted from the microphone signal during the first 1.4 ms after impact. One of the discriminant features is the integration of the absolute value of microphone output signal during the first 0.11 ms after impact. The other two features are the number of data points in the digitized microphone signal, between 0.6 and 1.4 ms after impact, that have a slope and intensity below preset threshold levels. The classification accuracy of this system is _98%. The system has a throughput rate of _40 nuts per second and cost of about $5000 per channel. This cost is much lower than color sorters used to remove other pistachio defects but the throughput is comparable. Currently, closed-shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices have a lower classification accuracy, 95%, and damage kernels in open-shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed system does not cause such damage. The increased sorting accuracy of the acoustic sorter, coupled with it's low cost, enables a payback period of less than one year. PT: Bulletin-article; Conference-paper AN: 20003020109 Record 363 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Leaf zinc and copper concentrations of mature pistachio trees in response to fertigation. AU: Kallsen-CE; Holtz-B; Villaruz-L; Wylie-C SO: HortTechnology. 2000, 10: 1, 172-176; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Mature Kerman pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees, located on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California on an alkaline clay-loam soil, were fertigated in 1997 and 1998 with three combinations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) sulfate. Seasonal applications of Zn and Cu were injected at three separate times starting in spring and ending in summer. Efficacy of the treatments were compared by measuring the concentration of Zn and Cu in leaf tissue. Fertigated treatments were compared to trees receiving no supplemental Zn or Cu and to trees receiving a single foliar treatment of Zn and Cu each year. Soil Zn and Cu concentrations increased in the fertigated plots. Plots receiving the highest rates of Zn and Cu showed the greatest increase. However, at the recommended August leaf sampling date, only the foliar treated pistachio trees showed a significant increase in leaf Zn and Cu. The results demonstrate that after two seasons, a foliar application of Zn and Cu in April, 2-3 weeks after flowering, increased leaf-tissue concentrations of Zn and Cu to sufficiency levels. These foliar applications were more effective than fertigating with Zn and Cu sulfate. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315244 Record 364 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Analysis of the effects of maturation treatments on the probabilities of somatic embryo germination and plantlet regeneration in pistachio using a linear logistic method. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Theobald-C; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture. 2000, 60: 2, 121-129; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Embryogenic masses of pistachio (Pistacia vera) were proliferated in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. To determine the effects of benzylaminopurine [benzyladenine] (BAP), racemic (±) abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose treatments during maturation on the subsequent germination and plantlet regeneration, clusters of mature somatic embryos were transferred from maturation medium onto the surface of 0.7% agar-solidified MS medium. Neither germination nor plantlet development medium contained BAP or ABA. Germination studies were carried out using 80 somatic embryos at every combination of 4 sucrose concentrations (58, 117, 175 and 234 mM), 3 maturation periods (4, 5 and 6 weeks) and either 5 concentrations of BAP (4.5 to 71 µM) or 4 of ABA (0.95 to 7.6 µM), and the numbers germinating were recorded after 4 durations of culture (10, 20, 30 and 40 days). A similar experimental plan was used to study plantlet regeneration. The number of germinated somatic embryos increased markedly with duration of the culture on germination medium, and was influenced by the concentrations of BAP or ABA in the maturation medium; the concentration of sucrose in this medium had little influence. Plantlet regeneration also increased with culture duration and was reduced at the highest levels of BAP or ABA; with ABA, the probability of plantlet regeneration was lower for longer maturation periods. ABA and BAP had similar effects on somatic embryo germination (except at the highest levels used), but BAP was superior to ABA for promoting subsequent plantlet regeneration. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315605 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6857%28000000%2960%3A2%3C121%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 365 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Micropropagation of pistachio from mature trees. AU: Onay-A SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture. 2000, 60: 2, 159-162; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Multiple shoots were induced from nodal segments of mature trees of Pistacia vera on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine [benzyladenine] (BA). The highest multiple shoot production was obtained from shoot tips taken from in vitro-proliferated shoots cultured on solidified MS medium containing 8.8 µM BA. The multiplication rate was 20 microshoots per explant on the 30th day. Rooting of microshoots was achieved in MS medium supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) and the highest number of roots resulted from treatment with 9.8 µM IBA. Rooted plantlets resumed independent growth after a short period of acclimatization. Rooted plantlets were transferred to greenhouse conditions after 4-5 weeks hardening in peat and perlite. In the greenhouse, viable plantlets set dormant buds, survived overwintering and appeared phenotypically normal compared to control seedlings under the same conditions. However, only about 50% of the plantlets resumed growth after one year. While a few of these developed a deep root system and grew fast, most grew only slowly, which was probably due to a lack of mycorrhizal formation on the roots. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000315608 FTXT: InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0167-6857%28000000%2960%3A2%3C159%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 366 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Agronomic and commercial characteristics of pistachio cultivars. OT: Caracteristicas agronomicas y comerciales de variedades de pistachero. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Socias-i-Company-R SO: Jornadas de experimentacion en fruticultura, Zaragoza, Spain. ITEA. 2000, Volumen Extra No. 21, 143-147; 3 ref. LA: Spanish AB: The following characteristics were studied in pistachio cultivars of diverse origin evaluated in Spain: date and duration of flowering; indices of vigour and precocity; and fruit weight, yield, dimensions, form and dehiscence. The female cultivars Kerman, Mateur, Larnaka and Aegina, and the pollinators B, C, M-502 and Peters, were considered to be of potential interest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 20000316824 Record 367 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Shoot length distribution and its relation to yield of alternate-bearing pistachio trees. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA; Ferguson-L SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 2000, 125: 2, 165-168; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is known to strongly exhibit alternate bearing. Over 19 500 individual shoots were measured on 8 alternate bearing cv. Kerman pistachio trees on P. atlantica rootstock. Average lengths of "on" year (5.4 cm) and "off" year new shoot growth (5.6 cm) were not significantly different. New shoot length distribution was skewed toward the shorter length categories, with a mode of 2 and 4 cm in "on" and "off" trees, respectively. These results contrast with previous studies which have shown that "on" year new shoots of pistachio are much longer than "off" year new shoots. There were about twice as many "on" year new shoots in the 18 to 30 cm class as compared to "off" year new shoots, and fruiting wood length was associated positively with fruit number. However, _80% of tree yield occurred on fruiting wood that was <10 cm long, with shoots longer than 15 cm contributing <5% to yield. Shoots >30 cm in length may be important in establishing vegetative buds in a position above the main tree crown for canopy expansion during the following "off" year. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000317169 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 368 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Population dynamics of Psyllidae on pistachio (Pistacia vera): bioecological data on Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. & Laut. (Homop. Sternorrhyncha). AU: Souliotis-C; Tsourgianni-A SO: Bollettino-di-Zoologia-Agraria-e-di-Bachicoltura. 2000, 32: 1, 49-58; 14 ref. LA: English LS: Italian AB: A survey was carried out during 1998-99 in 2 pistachio orchards in the Anavissos and Avlon areas in Greece. Agonoscena pistaciae was the most important pest. It occurred between mid-April and the end of November. From mid-August onwards, the population density increased rapidly. A. cisti appeared also in mid-April and remained on leaves in small to medium sized populations until the end of July. Megagonoscena gallicola was found in small numbers from mid-July until the end of August. A. targionii was found only once in Avlona. At the beginning of May, Chrysoperla carnea and Anthocoris nemoralis, and the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae were also found. Their numbers increased between the beginning of August and mid-November and they played an important role in reducing populations of A. pistaciae. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001114100 Record 369 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Allergy to Anacardiaceae: description of cashew and pistachio nut allergens. AU: Garcia-F; Moneo-I; Fernandez-B; Garcia-Menaya-JM; Blanco-J; Juste-S; Gonzalo-MA SO: Journal-of-Investigational-Allergology-and-Clinical-Immunology. 2000, 10: 3, 173-177; 19 ref. LA: English LS: Spanish AB: Some members of the Anacardiaceae family, such as cashew nut, pistachio nut and mango, have been reported to cause immediate allergic reactions. Three cases of anaphylaxis to cashew nuts are reported. With the aim of describing the allergens existing in cashew and pistachio nuts, patients were prick tested with cashew and pistachio extracts. Specific IgE against both nuts was studied by CAP and SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. It was found that skin tests and specific IgE to cashew and pistachio nuts were positive in the three patients. Both nuts showed several protein bands in SDS-PAGE. The strongest IgE-binding bands had similar molecular weights (15, 30 and 60 kDa) in cashew and pistachio nuts. These main bands were found to be sensitive to reducing agents. It was concluded that these three patients suffered immediate reactions to cashew nut due to an IgE-mediated mechanism. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001419796 Record 370 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Effects of short-term storage on germinability of pistachio pollen. AU: Vaknin-Y; Eisikowitch-D SO: Plant-Breeding. 2000, 119: 4, 347-350; 23 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of short-term storage under room conditions (constant 25°C and 35% relative humidity), refrigeration (4°C) and freezing (-20°C) on the germinability of pollen of pistachio, Pistacia vera, were studied and the effects of desiccation and pollen age on its germinability were reassessed. It was found that: (1) weight loss as a result of desiccation was positively correlated with germinability; (2) pollen grains stored in room conditions only germinated after prehydration, which restored germinability even after 7 days of exposure; (3) refrigerated (4°C) pollen grains retained their germinability for at least a week; (4) frozen pollen grains irreversibly lost most of their germinability; and (5) 2-day-old pollen grains, within the anthers, retained their germinability under room conditions. These findings will contribute to the improvement of pistachio pollen preservation and help to find a simple and inexpensive method for its short-term storage, while retaining its germinability. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001614839 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 371 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 2000/08-2002/01 TI: Histology of somatic embryogenesis in cultured leaf explants of pistachio (Pistacia vera L). AU: Onay-A SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Botany. 2000, 24: 2, 91-95; 12 ref. LA: English LS: Turkish AB: The histology of somatic embryo initiation and development in pistachio (cv. Antep) embryogenic masses (EMS) derived from leaf explants was examined using light microscopy. Explants with somatic embryos at different developmental stages were fixed for histological examination, cut into 10 µm thick sections, stained with haematoxylin-eosin and observed microscopically. The histological examination showed that the two types of cell clusters induced originated from explants and were morphologically different. These results clearly demonstrate that the induction and development of somatic embryos from leaf explants of pistachio were from single epidermal or subepidermal cells. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000311947 Record 372 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Endocarp dehiscence in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Polito-VS; Pinney-K SO: International-Journal-of-Plant-Sciences. 1999, 160: 5, 827-835; 20 ref. LA: English AB: Measurements of seeds and inner dimensions of endocarps of mature pistachio fruits show that dehiscent endocarps differ from indehiscent endocarps by having more massive seeds and seeds that are larger relative to the size of the endocarp. These results and observations indicate that 2 dehiscence events occur: longitudinal shell split, which is driven by physical forces exerted on the endocarp by the seed, and apical dehiscence, which occurs at the site of intrusion of the transmitting tissue tract into the ovary. Apical dehiscence varies according to the extent of transmitting tissue present at anthesis, as well as the degree of cytodifferentiation that may occur in these cells. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000308228 *LHM: Fulltext of this journal is available from 19/01/1997 to present through Expanded Academic ASAP http://www.rose-net.co.ir/fullti/gale.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 373 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of gibberellic acid on seedling growth in two wild species of pistachio. AU: Rahemi-M; Baninasab-B SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 2000, 75: 3, 336-339; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Beneh (Pistacia mutica) and kolkhong (Pistacia khinjuk) are wild species of pistachio which grow naturally with other trees in some parts of Iran. Because of their adaptibility to severe environmental conditions and their resistance to some pests and diseases, they can be used as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. Poor germination and very low seedling vigour of these two species have been a major problem in using them as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. In this study gibberellic acid (GA3), at concentrations of 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg l-1 were used during and after stratification to enhance seedling growth. The results showed that GA3, applied during and after stratification, significantly increased the length, trunk diameter, internode length, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of seedlings of both species. However, application of GA3 after stratification was more effective on seedling growth of beneh. GA3 applied at higher concentrations (500 and 750 mg l-1) increased the rate of growth, but growth malformations were clearly evident in seedlings of kolkhong. GA3 at 250 mg l-1 enhanced seedlings growth of kolkhong. It was concluded that application of GA3 to the seedlings might be a useful method for promoting rapid shoot growth of beneh and kolkhong and reduce the expense of seedling production in glasshouse conditions. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310422 Record 374 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen supplementation in almond and pistachio orchards using electrostatic techniques. AU: Vaknin-Y; Gan-Mor-S; Eisikowitch-D SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1999, No. 8, 20-23; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The performance of an electrostatic pollination device was tested in experiments at Kibbutz Yizreel, Israel in 1998. Trees of almond cv. Ne Plus Ultra were pollinated with pollen from cv. Butte and trees of pistachio cv. Kerman were pollinated with pollen from cv. Peters. In almonds, nut production was similar with non-electrostatic pollination or open pollination but was significantly higher with electrostatic pollination. In pistachios electrostatic pollination increased nut yields compared with open pollination. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310476 Record 375 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio situation in Algeria. AU: Belhadj-S SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1999, No. 8, 30; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia atlantica, P. terebinthus and P. lentiscus are native to Algeria. Pistachios are an underutilized crop. Wild ecotypes are subject to genetic erosion. A few new P. vera orchards have been established using cultivars developed in Syria, Turkey and Iran. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000310479 Record 376 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography using post-column bromination for determination of aflatoxins in peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste, and paprika powder: collaborative study. AU: Stroka-J; Anklam-E; Jorissen-U; Gilbert-J SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 2000, 83: 2, 320-340; 15 ref. LA: English AB: A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an immunoaffinity column clean-up liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins at European regulatory limits. The test portion was extracted with methanol-water (8+2) for dried figs and paprika, and with methanol-water (8+2) plus hexane (or cyclohexane) for peanut butter and pistachios. The sample extract was filtered, diluted with phosphate buffer saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. The column was washed with water and the aflatoxins were eluted with methanol. Aflatoxins were quantitated by reversed-phase LC with post-column derivatization (PCD) involving bromination. PCD was achieved with either an electrochemical cell (Kobra cell) and addition of bromide to the mobile phase or pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide. Determination is by fluorescence. Peanut butter, pistachio paste, dried fig paste and paprika powder samples, both naturally contaminated with aflatoxins and containing added aflatoxins, were sent to 16 collaborators in 16 European countries. Test portions of samples were spiked at levels of 2.4 and 9.6 ng/g for total aflatoxins which included 1.0 and 4.0 ng/g aflatoxin B1, respectively. Recoveries for total aflatoxins ranged from 71 to 92% with corresponding recoveries for aflatoxin B1 of 82 to 109%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels) as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 4 levels, including blank), the relative standard deviation for repeatability ranged from 4.6 to 23.3% for total aflatoxins and from 3.1 to 20.0% for aflatoxin B1. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility ranged from 14.1 to 34.2% for total aflatoxins, and from 9.1 to 32.2% for aflatoxin B1. The method showed acceptable within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for all 4 matrixes, as evidenced by HORRAT values <1, at the low levels of determination for both total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001202354 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 377 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The pistachio. OT: Il pistacchio. AU: Caruso-T; Sottile-F SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1999, 55: 48, 59-64. LA: Italian AB: This article examines the pistachio (Pistacia vera) in the light of the EU project GENRES 29, which aims to conserve the genetic resources of minor fruit and nut species in Europe. Details are given of its taxonomy, origins and diffusion throughout the world, economic importance and world production, botanical description, habitat and fruiting biology, cultivation techniques, pistachio in the GENRES 29 project, cultivars and rootstocks, and principal uses. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001608819 Record 378 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells. AU: Pearson-T; Toyofuku-N SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 2000, 16: 1, 91-94; 5 ref. LA: English AB: An automated machine vision system was developed to identify and remove pistachio nuts with closed shells from processing streams. The system includes a novel material handling system to feed nuts to linescan cameras without tumbling. The camera output signals are input to digital signal processing boards which extract image features characteristic of closed and open shell pistachios. The classification accuracy of this machine vision system for separating open shell from closed shell nuts is approximately 95%. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 40 nuts per second and cost of about $15,000 per channel. This throughput and cost is comparable to colour sorters used to remove other pistachio defects. Currently, closed shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices also have a classification accuracy of about 95% but damage kernels in open shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed machine vision system is a non-invasive inspection method. PT: Journal-article AN: 20002401813 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 379 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: A study on photosynthesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and the effect of environmental factors. AU: Lu-BingShe; Bai-ZhiYing; Dong-YuAn; Liang-HaiYong; Lu-BS; Bai-ZY; Dong-YA; Liang-HY SO: Acta-Horticulturae-Sinica. 1999, 26: 5, 287-290; 7 ref. LA: Chinese LS: English AB: Photosynthesis in pistachio and the effects of environmental factors on photosynthesis were studied. The curve of diurnal variation of leaf photosynthesis showed 2 peaks, at 11.00 and 15.00 h. The seasonal variation of photosynthesis exhibited 2 peaks, in June and August. Among leaves in June, those located in the middle of shoots exhibited the highest photosynthesis. The light compensation point of photosynthesis and light saturation point were 51 and 1600 µmolthinm-2thins-1, respectively. The CO2 compensation point of photosynthesis and the CO2 saturation point were 136 and 830 µl/litre, respectively. The best temperature for photosynthesis was 30oC. The optimum soil relative water content (SRWC) for photosynthesis was 70%, with critical SRWC values, at which the plant needs irrigation, of 30-35%. PT: Journal-article AN: 20000307332 Record 380 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Assessment of Pistacia rootstocks to Phytophthora spp. The causal agents of pistachio gummosis. AU: Banihashemi-Z SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 63-66; 26 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera (11 cultivars), P. mutica, P. khinjuk, P. atlantica and P. atlanticaXP. integerrima (UCB#1) were established in the green house. Inocula of Phytophthora citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. megasperma (isolated from pistachio trees in Rafsenjan) and P. nicotianae (soil isolate around pistachio tree in Kerman) were grown on vermiculite supplemented with hemp seed extract (200 ml vermiculite+120 ml of 60 g hemp seed extract in 1000 ml distilled water) for four weeks at 20oC. Ten-month-old P. vera cultivars and 15-month-old other Pistacia spp. were inoculated with 10 ml of the inoculum at the base of each seedling. Controls received vermiculite+hemp seed extract. Pots were flooded overnight and drained the following day. Drained water was baited with citrus leaf disks for the presence of the pathogen. Pots were kept saturated during the experiment. Periodical flooding and baiting was performed throughout the experiment. P. mutica and P. khinjuk were more susceptible to all Phytophthora species than P. vera cultivars, exhibiting symptoms of terminal wilting, drying of leaves followed by plant death 7 days after inoculation. P. khinjuk and P. vera cultivar Sarakhs were the most susceptible to Phytophthora spp. P. atlantica and UCB#1 (P. atlanticaXP. integerrima) were highly resistant to all Phytophthora species and did not show any disease symptoms during the experiment and two years thereafter. Other cultivars of P. vera in descending order of susceptibility were: Mousaabadi, Amiri, Harati, Fandoughi, louk, Ghazvini, Jandaghi, Ouhadi and Badami. Isolates of P. citrophthora were more aggressive than other species on Pistacia spp. P. nicotianae and P. megasperma were mildly pathogenic on susceptible cultivars. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004612 Record 381 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Little leaf (Ghermezu) disease of pistachio in Kerman province. AU: Abusaidi-D; Alavi-SH; Salehi-M; Ebrahim-Nesbat-F; Izadpanah-K SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 234-235 (Pe), 71 (En). LA: Persian LS: English AB: Little leaf of 'ghermezu' (reddening) is a disorder which occurs in certain pistachio plantations in Kerman province, Iran. Symptoms of the disease are small red leaves and fruits, leaf cupping, unthrifty branches, wilting and death of affected branches and gradual decline of the trees. During studies on the disease in Rafsanjan, 1/2-year-old pistachio seedlings were grafted with bark cylinders carrying buds from diseased branches in 1996 (150 seedlings) and 1997 (50 seedlings). No transmission was observed in any of the 200 graftings. Similar results were obtained by side grafting under greenhouse conditions at the Zargan Experiment Station. Examination of thin sections with the electron microscope showed signs of phytoplasma or virus particles in diseased samples. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004615 Record 382 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The incidence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in the root of pistachio in Kerman province. AU: Salehi-F; Abusaidi-D; Ali-Asgharzadeh-N SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1998, 34: 3-4, 236-237 (Pe), 73 (En). LA: Persian LS: English AB: The incidence of VAM in the rhizosphere and roots of pistachio trees in the production areas in Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman province, Iran, was surveyed during 1995-97. Spores of VA-mycorrhizal fungi were extracted from 100 g of soil by wet-sieving followed by sucrose centrifugation, and collected roots were cleared and stained. For evaluation of endomycorrhizal roots the nonsystematic root scanning procedure was used. VAM were associated with the roots of Pistacia vera in the majority of the pistachio production areas. Glomus fasciculatum was collected from Kerman and Zarand orchards and Glomus sp. from many of the production areas in Kerman province. Gigaspora decipiens and Glomus gerdemannii were recovered for the first time from soil of pistachio orchards. Glomus spp. population was high in areas with short irrigation intervals, low salinity, and moderate climatic conditions. Soil sample analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between soil phosphorus concentration and VAM population. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001004618 Record 383 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Detection of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts which was imported from Iran in the retail market in Japan by the inspection conducted by the local health authority and the brief report of the result of the observation of pistachio nuts production in Iran. AU: Okano-K SO: Mycotoxins. 1999, No. 49, 49-50. LA: Japanese PT: Annual-report; Journal-article AN: 20001201325 Record 384 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of nut and cluster detachment from ten cultivars of pistachio trees shaken by a mechanical shaker. AU: Mobli-H; Tavakoli-Hashtjin-T; Rostami-MA SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1999, 30: 1, 19-24; 9 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: In order to determine the percentage detachment of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera) or clusters off trees, a mechanical shaker with 540 rpm frequency and 25 mm stroke was used. This stroke and frequency had been found to be the most suitable during a preliminary experiment. In an experiment of completely randomized block design, 30 trees (3 replications of 10 different cultivars) were trunk shaken. For ripe nuts, a detachment of 95% was observed whereas in the case of clusters a maximum detachment of 21% (for cv. Reza-i Zoodras). Other cultivars, namely Ghazvini, Ohadi, Kalleh Ghoochi, Shahpasand and Momtaze Tajabadi, showed less cluster detachment. A significant difference for nut detachment (alpha=0.01) was observed between the different cultivars. Detachment was highest in Italia-i, Momtaze Tajabadi and Ghazvini making these the most suitable for shake harvesting using this particular shaker device. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001606845 Record 385 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of potassium fertilization on soil potassium distribution and balance in pistachio orchards. AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA SO: Better-Crops-with-Plant-Food. 1999, 83: 4, 24-26. LA: English AB: In a field trial in 1996-98 at Yolo and Madera, California where the soil exchangeable K content in the top 6 inches of soil was 156 and 97 ppm, respectively, K fertilizer was applied by fertigation at monthly intervals from May to August at an annual rate of 0, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 lb/tree. Without K application soil K content decreased by 0.37 and 0.34 lb/tree in the top 30 inches of soil at Madera and Yolo, respectively. K fertigation increased soil K content in the top 30 inches of soil but movement of surface-applied K was slow down through the profile. PT: Journal-article AN: 20001907043 Record 386 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of primary DRIS norms for nine elements in pistachio. AU: Rafsanjani-MH; Malakouti-MJ SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1998, 29: 2, 345-351; 17 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations were analysed in pistachio plants from 200 different orchards in Iran. A Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System was used to calculate norm values for each element upon which deficiency diagnosis and fertilizer recommendations could be made. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990311496 Record 387 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The stomata density of pistachio cultivars on different Pistacia rootstocks. OT: Farkli Pistacia anaclarina asili antepfistigi cesitlerinin stoma yogunluklari. AU: Caglar-S; Tekin-H SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Agriculture-and-Forestry. 1999, 23: Supplement 5, 1029-1032; 12 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: The stomatal densities of some pistachio cultivars (Uzun, Kirmizi, Halebi, Siirt and Ohadi) on P. vera, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk rootstocks were determined. Stomatal density of leaves from the north side was higher than that of leaves from the south sides of trees. The stomatal numbers per unit area on the abaxial side of leaves ranged from 114 to 151, and on the adaxial side of leaves from 171 to 221. The stomatal densities of both leaf surfaces were affected by both cultivar and rootstock. Halebi, Siirt and Ohadi had a higher stomatal density than Uzun and Kirmiizi. A cultivar X rootstock interaction was also found among the combinations. The cultivars on P. atlantica had more stomata per unit area than P. khinjuk and P. vera rootstocks. The highest stomatal density was seen in the combination P. atlantica/Halebi, followed by P. atlantica/Ohadi and P. vera/Ohadi. The lowest values were found in the combinations P. vera/Uzun and P. vera/Kirmizi. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990311944 Record 388 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells. AU: Pearson-TC; Toyofuku-N SO: ASAE-CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 18-21 July, 1999. 1999, 8 pp.; ASAE Paper No. 993061; 5 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: An automated machine vision system was developed to identify and remove pistachio nuts with closed shells from processing streams. The system includes a novel material handling system to feed nuts to linescan cameras without tumbling. The camera output signals are input to digital signal processing boards which extract image features characteristic of closed and open shell pistachios. The classification accuracy of this machine vision system for separating open shell from closed shell nuts was approximately 95%. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 40 nuts per second and cost of about $15 000 per channel. This throughput and cost is comparable to colour sorters used to remove other pistachio defects. Currently, closed shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices also have a classification accuracy of about 95%, but damage kernels in open shell pistachios by 'pricking' them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer. The newly developed machine vision system is a non-invasive inspection method. PT: Conference-paper AN: 19990312079 Record 389 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Suitable stroke and frequency for nut detachment of different pistachio varieties. AU: Mobli-H; Rajabipour-A SO: ASAE-CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 18-21 July, 1999. 1999, 11 pp.; ASAE Paper No. 996028; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: Using a mechanical shaker, it was found that a 540-cpm frequency and a 25-mm stroke were the most suitable choice for shaking pistachio trees. Three pistachio varieties, cv. Italia-i, cv. Momtaze Tajabadi and cv. Ghazvini, were recognized as the most suitable ones for shake harvesting using a shaker of the above stroke and frequency. PT: Conference-paper AN: 19990312095 Record 390 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Mechanical control studies of the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus M.& R. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1999, 17: 1, 9-16; 15 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Twelve experiments were conducted in two regions of Syria (Al-Muselmiya/Aleppo and Morek/Hama) to study the pistachio bark beetle, Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus], response to detached pistachio branches placed at different sites in relation to the pistachio parent tree, as a mechanical control method for H. vestitus. The experiments were carried out monthly from December 1995 until November 1996 to study the effect of branch location on attracting H. vestitus adults. Results showed that the scolytid beetle was greatly attracted to branches located on the middle-periphery of the tree canopy in northern and eastern sites during May in the Al-Muselmiya/Aleppo region. This attractiveness was great during April, May, October and November towards the branches located inside the tree canopy and against the tree main trunk in the Morek/Hama region. At the end of each month, the dry branches should be collected and burned. Results indicated that mechanical control was sufficient enough to control the pest. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991110764 Record 391 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of pistachio nuts on serum lipid levels in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. AU: Edwards-K; Kwaw-I; Matud-J; Kurtz-I SO: Journal-of-the-American-College-of-Nutrition. 1999, 18: 3, 229-232; 12 ref. LA: English AB: The study examined whether substituting 20% of the daily caloric intake in the form of pistachio nuts for 3 weeks would improve the lipid profiles of 10 subjects with primary, moderate hypercholesterolaemia. A controlled, randomized crossover design was used. Outpatient dietary modification, counselling and blood analysis were performed. Body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were monitored. Lipid profiles were analysed prior to, during and after dietary modification. After three weeks, there was a decrease in total cholesterol (P<0.04), an increase in HDL (P<0.09), a decrease in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (P<0.01) and a decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio (P<0.02). Triglycerides and LDL levels decreased, but not significantly. Body weight and blood pressure remained constant throughout the study. Results suggest that eating pistachio nuts instead of other dietary fat calories can improve lipid profiles, thereby decreasing coronary risk. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991412389 Record 392 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Measuring productivity of the most important effective factors on pistachio production in Ardaken. AU: Ardakani-AF; Mousanejad-MG SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1998, 29: 2, 309-316; 15 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: The effect of different factors such as labour, water and fertilizer use on pistachio production in Iran is examined. Average, marginal and total productivity of production factors were computed using a transcendental production function technique. The results showed that the TEP was low in the study area and the productivity of the short variety trees was higher than the high variety trees. The results also indicate that farmers do not use the inputs at their optimum level. Suggestions for increasing the productivity of these inputs is discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991809640 Record 393 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Potassium fertilization and diagnostic criteria for pistachio trees. AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA SO: Better-Crops-with-Plant-Food. 1999, 83: 3, 10-12. LA: English AB: Areas discussed are: K fertilization increases leaf K; K fertilization increases nut yield; fertilization increases nut quality; and the diagnostic criteria for nut selection. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991913682 Record 394 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees. AU: Vemmos-SN SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1999, 22: 8, 1291-1301; 17 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruiting on mineral composition of leaves and flower buds in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes) was studied at Athens in 1990 and 1992. Nutrient concentrations were measured in leaves and flower buds on fruiting and non-fruiting pistachio trees at 2-week intervals from leaf emergence until the flower bud abscission of fruiting trees was completed. The results showed that the presence of fruits significantly increased the leaf concentrations of Mg, Ca, Mn and Zn throughout the whole period of measurement and that of N only until the beginning of seed growth (in June). In contrast, fruits decreased leaf concentrations of K (throughout the whole period) and that of N (after the beginning of seed growth and high rates of bud abscission). P and Fe concentrations in leaves were not influenced by fruits. The results for flower buds were similar to those for leaves for the nutrients K, Mg, Mn, and Ca, while P, Zn, and Fe concentrations tended to be higher in buds of fruiting trees. N concentrations were higher in buds of fruiting trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990309902 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 395 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Distribution and transport of foliar applied zinc in pistachio. AU: Zhang-QingLong; Brown-PH; Zhang-QL SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 4, 433-436; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The distribution and transport of foliar applied Zn were determined for pistachio seedlings and mature trees using stable 68Zn isotope. In greenhouse-raised seedlings (5-6 leaves), _5.4% of Zn adsorbed by the leaf was transported out of the treated leaves and this Zn was detected in all other plant parts to varying extents. In mature trees (growing in Davis, California, USA), the transport of Zn occurred both acropetally and basipetally within the leaflets with more basipetal movement; however, no significant amount of Zn was transported out of the treated leaflets during the first 10 days after application. The total percentage of Zn transported to other plant parts 20 days after application was significantly greater when Zn was applied to immature leaflets (6.5%) than to mature leaflets (2.1%), though the majority of the absorbed Zn remained within the treated leaflets. The limited mobility of foliar-absorbed Zn in pistachio may partially be attributed to the high binding capacity of leaf tissue for Zn. PT: Journal-article AN: 19990310272 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 396 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio (Pistacia lentiscus) in the Mediterranean environment: biodiversity and ecological potential. OT: Il lentisco (Pistacia lentiscus L.) nell'ambiente mediterraneo: biodiversita e potenziale ecologico. AU: Mulas-M; Abeltino-P; Brigaglia-N SO: Monti-e-Boschi. 1999, 50: 2, 5-9; 28 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: An investigation into the biodiversity of wild, spontaneous populations of Pistacia lentiscus has been carried out in Sardinia, Italy. Pistachio formations are characterized by a dense vegetation, good regeneration ability, and resistance to drought. For these reasons, it has an important role for soil erosion control and protection from the risk of desertification. In order to define the ecological potential of the species, 33 female ecotypes were examined. High phenotypic variability was detected for characters such as leaf biometrics, fruit bearing shoots (length between 2 and 15 cm), total number of fruits per shoot (from 6.9 to 100), mean weight of fruit and seed (respectively, between 30 and 120 mg and between 10 and 35 mg), percentage and mean time of seed germination (respectively, from 0 and 56% and between 7.3 and 32.7 days). PT: Journal-article AN: 19990608146 Record 397 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Biological and ecological studies on the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus M. & R. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1998, 16: 2, 74-80; 15 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: In Syria, pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees are often heavily infested by the pistachio bark beetle Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus]. Field studies were carried out in the Morek region, Hama/Syria, in 1995-1996 on the biology and ecology of the pests, which completed two overlapping generations per year. All adults aestivated. About 30% of the adults hibernated in the new branches, while ca. 70% of them as well as all old larvae hibernated in the old branches. Adults were present all year round, while none of the immature stages occurred during summer. Immature stages were found only in galleries in the old stems during the other seasons. The periods of occurrence of the different stages under field conditions were estimated. Distribution and intensity of beetles was also determined. Beetles were attracted to dead or unhealthy trees, and infestation decreased with increase of distance from field borders. Adults preferred the upper parts of the new branches, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the trees. The effect of climatic factors on the seasonal abundance of adults significantly increased with increase of temperature, and decreased with increase of both relative humidity and rainfall. The pest population reached a maximum on August 14, 1995, at 30°C, 36% relative humidity and no rainfall. A number of arthropod natural enemies, including predators and parasitoids were recorded from pistachio orchards in Syria. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991106998 Record 398 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The pests of pistachio. OT: I fitofagi del pistacchio. AU: Greco-F; Nucifora-S SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1999, 55: 26, 65-71. LA: Italian AB: The biology and ecology of the prevalent pests of pistachio (Pistacia vera) on the western slopes of Etna, Sicily, are described. They include nematodes, mites and insects, among the most important of which are the scolytid Hylesinus vestitus [Acrantus vestitus], the torymid Megastigmus pistaciae and the gelechiid Teleiodes decorella. Past and present control methods against these pests are described. A table of the species of nematodes, mites and insects found on pistachio in Italy and worldwide is provided. PT: Journal-article AN: 19991108381 Record 399 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The mechanism of foliar zinc absorption in pistachio and walnut. AU: Zhang-QingLong; Brown-PH; Zhang-QL SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 3, 312-317; 30 ref. LA: English AB: The characteristics and mechanisms of foliar Zn uptake and translocation in pistachio (cv. Kerman) and walnut (cv. Gustine) were investigated using 68Zn labelling in both intact and detached leaves from trees grown at Davis, California. Following washing, mature walnut and pistachio leaves retained 8% and 12% of the total Zn applied, respectively. About half of retained Zn (3.5% and 6.5% of total Zn, respectively) was absorbed into the leaf and translocated outside the treated area. Leaf age affected the Zn absorption capacity of pistachio but not walnut. Immature pistachio leaves absorbed more Zn than mature leaves. The absorption of Zn by walnut leaves at high concentrations (7.5-15 mM Zn) was not significantly affected by the pH of the solution. In pistachio, Zn absorption was greatest at pH 3.5 and declined as pH increased to 8.5. The uptake process was not affected by light or addition of metabolic inhibitors. Foliar leaf absorption was only slightly affected by changes in temperature with an average Q10 of 1.2-1.4. These results suggest that foliar Zn uptake is dominated by an ion exchange and/or diffusion process rather than an active one. PT: Journal-article AN: 990306977 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 400 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Relationship between shell discoloration of pistachio nuts and incidence of fungal decay and insect infestation. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1999, 83: 3, 259-264; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Shell discoloration of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts collected from commercial orchards and processing plants in California, USA, was related to fungal decay, caused by Aspergillus spp., Ulocladium spp. and Alternaria spp., and insect infestation of the kernel. Nuts with ruptured hulls (early split nuts and nuts with cracked hulls) varied considerably in the amount of shell discoloration, ranging from none to extensive. For both types of hull rupture, as shell discoloration increased, kernel decay also increased. Nuts with no discoloration had little or no fungal decay and navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) infestation. Processed nuts with an oily-shell appearance had the highest incidences of fungal decay and navel orangeworm infestation; nuts with a crinkled shell, nuts with extensive dark brown discoloration, and nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration along the suture had relatively high levels of decayed and infested kernels; while nuts with yellow discoloration, nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration not along the suture, and nuts with no discoloration had little or no decay and infestation. Also, as shell discoloration of processed nuts increased, kernel decay increased. It is suggested that shell characteristics may be used by processors to identify poor quality nuts and to improve the quality of pistachio nuts sold to consumers. PT: Journal-article AN: 991001759 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 401 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Studies on chemical control of pistachio twig borer, Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep.: Oinophilidae) in Gaziantep province. OT: Gaziantep ilinde antepfistiklarinda zararli fistik dalguvesi Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep.: Oinophilidae) nin kimyasal mucadelesi uzerinde arastirmalar. AU: Mart-C; Celik-MY; Yigit-A SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1996, No. 28-29, 85-86. LA: English, Turkish PT: Abstract-only AN: 991103750 Record 402 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of aflatoxin levels in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescence detection. AU: Pearson-SM; Candlish-AAG; Aidoo-KE; Smith-JE SO: Biotechnology-Techniques. 1999, 13: 2, 97-99; 8 ref. LA: English AB: A technique for the detection of aflatoxins in pistachio and cashew nuts using immunoaffinity column clean-up with HPLC and fluorescent detection is presented. Recoveries were in the range of 79-99% for pistachio samples artificially contaminated with 10 µg total aflatoxins/kg of food sample. For cashew samples recoveries ranged from 80-106%. This method is proposed as an accurate technique for aflatoxin detection in the range of µg aflatoxins/kg nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 991201437 FTXT: Kluwer Academic Publishers http://kapis.www.wkap.nl/oasis.htm/205127 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0951-208X%28000000%2913%3A2%3C97%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X Record 403 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1998, 123: 6, 1069-1075; 47 ref. LA: English AB: Whole-tree effects of alternate bearing on reproductive growth, vegetative growth and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica rootstock were examined in California, USA. Although it is generally accepted that the "off" year in pistachio may be used to accumulate carbohydrate reserves, it was found that starch and sugars from the "off" year equalled only 8% of the construction cost of the "on" year's fruit load. The dry mass increase in perennial woody tissue of roots, trunk and branches in the "off" year (20.2 kg/tree) was 75% of the mass of fruit in "on" trees (26.4 kg/tree). When construction cost of wood and fruit was considered, "off" year woody tissue growth was 64% of "on" year fruit growth. Since previous studies have shown that leaf dry mass is generally 30% greater in "off" than "on" pistachio trees, it is concluded that the overall production of biomass in "off" and "on" year pistachios is similar. Therefore, it is suggested that the "off" year is not a period of substantial storage carbohydrate accumulation, but rather a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. This is consistent with ecologically based theories of the adaptive advantage of masting behavior, and suggests that withholding water and fertilizer during the "off" year may not harm "on" year yield. PT: Journal-article AN: 990300484 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 404 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fruiting and shading effects on metabolic heat rates of inflorescence buds, current-year, and one-year-old shoots of 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Breidenbach-RW SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1998, 123: 6, 961-966; 43 ref. LA: English AB: Isothermal microcalorimetric measurements of metabolic heat rates of pistachio cv. Kerman individual inflorescence buds, current-year and 1-year-old shoots were used to investigate the roles of current and reserve photosynthates in the abscission of inflorescence buds. In the early stages of development metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds were 2 and 3 times those of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots, respectively. Individual shoot organs (1-year-old shoots, current-year shoots and inflorescence buds) sampled from "on" trees had higher metabolic heat rates than similar individual organs sampled from "off" trees. Artificial shading of pistachio trees for 14 days in early June depressed metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds within 24 h, but there was a delay of 4 days before the decline in metabolic heat rates of individual current-year and 1-year-old shoots. This suggests that metabolic heat rates of individual inflorescence buds apparently depended on currently fixed photosynthates. PT: Journal-article AN: 990300489 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 405 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The California pistachio industry. AU: Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 38-42. LA: English AB: The acreage of pistachios, grown in California, has increased from around 1600 acres in the mid 1970's to 64 300 acres in 1996, resulting in an increase in production from 1.5 to 104.3 million pounds. A brief history of the increase in pistachio growing over the last 20 years is presented. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301008 Record 406 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The Sicilian pistachio industry: an overview. AU: Fabbri-A; Valenti-C; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 43-49; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The pistachio industry in Italy is concentrated in the southern island of Sicily, mainly in two small towns, Bronte and Adrano, along the western slopes of Mt Etna. The most peculiar characteristic of pistachio cultivation in this area is its location on poor soils that are unsuitable for other fruit crops. The plants are grafted on P. terebinthus seedlings, a spontaneous species of the Mediterranean maquis, whose root system is particularly suited to the lava-rich soils and is unsurpassed as a rootstock in this environment. Irrigation is very rare, although a modest water supply may double production. The only cultivars utilized, Bianca or Napoletana, produce high quality fruits in terms of colour and organoleptic properties. These quality characteristics allow the survival of a fruit crop that would otherwise be marginal. This paper also gives statistical information on pistachio production in the region. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301009 Record 407 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on pistachio rootstocks in California. AU: Ferguson-L; Kaur-S; Epstein-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-27 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 211-218; 16 ref. LA: English AB: A study was conducted on 3 pistachio rootstocks used in California: Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima and an interspecific hybrid (P. atlantica x P. integerrima). The rootstocks were planted in 1990 in the San Joaquin valley, California, USA. In 1994 and 1995 the feeder roots of 8 female plants of each rootstock were examined at 3 dates throughout the season, for the presence of endomycorrhizas. By the second sampling date in 1994 and the first sampling date in 1995 the cortical cells of young roots were extensively colonized. There were no significant differences in the extent of colonization between rootstocks in either year. There were at least 2 genera of arbuscular mycorrhiza present in all rootstocks: Glomus sp. and Sclerocystis sp. There were no differences in the species composition in the rootstocks but Glomus was the prevalent genus. Seedlings of the 3 rootstocks, potted into peat containing 1 propagule of Glomus intaradix/g FW soil became extensively colonized. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301011 Record 408 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen dispersal in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Erdogan-V; Kunter-B; Ayfer-M; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 286-293; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Pollen dispersal from pistachio trees was investigated in 1992 in order to estimate the appropriate male to female pollinator ratio in pistachio orchards. A seedling tree, 70 years old, growing in Ankara, Turkey, was used as the pollen source and no other male trees were present. The time of anthesis, pollen diameter and pollen viability were determined. Vaseline-coated glass traps were placed 2 m above the ground, in all directions, at increasing distances from the tree. Anthesis occurred on 28 April 1992 and peak pollen release was when 50-90% of the flowers were at anthesis. Viability was 86% and pollen diameter was 30.5 µm. The prevailing wind was northeast or east northeast so most of the pollen was collected to the west of the tree. Pollen concentration decreased markedly with increasing distance from the tree and 1138, 516, 389, 118, 54 and 19 pollen grains/cm3 were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 80 m from the tree, respectively. It was estimated that an average of 1.2 viable pollen grains might reach a female tree 20 m away and that this should be the maximum distance between pollinator and female trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301015 Record 409 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of drip irrigation on leaf gas exchanges and stem water potential in pistachio cv. Larnaka. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; de-Palma-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 317-323; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The influence of irrigation treatments restoring 0, 25, 50 or 75% ETc (0, 1500, 3000 and 4500 m3/ha per year, respectively) was assessed in terms of leaf net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, quantum yield, water use efficiency and stem water potential. The trial was carried out in Italy in 195 and 1996. Leaf gas exchange rates were influenced by normal fluctuations in growing cycle climatic conditions rather than by irrigation treatment. However, under dry conditions, restoring 25 or 50% Etc increased the rate of leaf net CO2 assimilation (by 10 and 20%, respectively), more so than the rate of leaf transpiration (increased by 0.5 and 7%, respectively), and thus resulted in a markedly higher water use efficiency (26 and 30% greater, respectively). In the treatment restoring 75% ETc, leaf net CO2 assimilation increased only by 7%, the same extent as the transpiration increment, so that water use efficiency rose only by 9%. Stem water potential was influenced by growing cycle and seasonal climatic conditions as well as by irrigation treatment. Under the trial conditions, lower photosynthetic rates in the maximum irrigation treatment might have been due to root sensitivity to soil oxygen depletion in saturated soils. The lack of treatment effects on stomatal conductance indicates that non-stomatal mechanisms played a role. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301225 Record 410 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate content within branches of fruiting and deblossomed pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Marra-FP; Barone-E; Motisi-A; Sidari-M; Caruso-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 331-339; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruiting on the within-branch sink hierarchy and seasonal carbohydrate availability in adult cv. Bianca trees in Sicily was investigated as part of a study on alternate bearing in pistachios. In 1994, two-thirds of the trees were deblossomed and in 1995 half of these trees were deblossomed again. This produced 3 treatments; a non-bearing 'off year' control, a previously deblossomed fruiting tree and a non-bearing tree for 2 years. Dry matter accumulation differed significantly depending on crop load in current and previous years. Fruits were the major sink for assimilates. Very early competition effects between growing pericarp and flower buds were evident. A higher flower bud dry weight was observed in the twice deblossomed trees and in the non-bearing control trees than in the once-deblossomed trees. Dry matter accumulation in the leaves of deblossomed non-bearing trees was more than twice that in the bearing ones. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301227 Record 411 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing in pistachio as a masting phenomenon: construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative growth and storage. AU: Stevenson-MT; Shackel-KA; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 340-348; 32 ref. LA: English AB: Whole-tree effects of biennial bearing on the reproductive growth, vegetative growth and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio trees were examined using data from previous work in Winters, California, USA. It was found that starch and sugars from the 'off' year equalled only 8% of the construction cost of the 'on' year's nut load. Furthermore, 'off' year growth of perennial woody tissue in the roots, trunk and branches was 75% of the mass of nuts in 'on' trees. When the construction cost of wood and nuts was considered, 'off' year woody tissue growth was 64% of 'on' year nut growth. As previous studies have shown that leaf growth is 30% greater in 'off' trees compared to 'on' trees it was concluded that biomass production is similar for 'on' and 'off' trees. It is suggested that the 'off' year is not a period of substantial carbohydrate accumulation but a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301228 Record 412 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Patterns of nitrogen uptake and storage in mature, alternate bearing pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 387-393; 17 ref. LA: English AB: The magnitude and seasonal pattern of N uptake was investigated in mature trees of the biennial bearing pistachio cultivar Kerman. 'On' and 'off' trees absorbed 167 and 153 kg N/ha per year, respectively and uptake was concentrated between late May and early September (nut-fill period). Above-ground annual organs (leaves, fruits and current shoot growth) represented 60 and <30% of the total N content at the time of maturity in 'on' and 'off' year trees, respectively. This difference was largely due to a significantly greater allocation of the total N absorbed to the perennial tree parts in 'off' trees relative to 'on' trees. The implication of these results with respect to fertilizer requirements is discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301232 Record 413 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of rootstock on trunk growth and foliar mineral content in cv. Bianca pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Barone-E; Sottile-F; Palazzolo-E; Caruso-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 394-401; 28 ref. LA: English AB: Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and mineral content were recorded for 4 years in the major Sicilian pistachio cultivar, Bianca, budded in 1991 onto 8 in vitro-propagated clonal rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica and P. integerrima clones) and one seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). The trees were grown using standard cultural practices for Sicilian dry-land farming in a fine sandy soil, located inland in Sicily (20 km SW of Palermo, 350 m a.s.l.). From 9 trees per rootstock, samples of 10 leaflets from the mid-section of current year shoots were taken yearly in August and analysed for the main plant mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B). The TCSA was measured at the end of each growing season. Clones of P. integerrima, especially clone 2, proved to be the most vigorous among the tested rootstocks, with a TCSA more than 3 times that of P. terebinthus. Clones of P. atlantica were of intermediate vigour, but differences in TCSA among the rootstocks tended to disappear in the last year of observation. There were no particular significant differences in the foliar concentrations of N, P, Fe, Mn and Zn, whereas there were significant differences among the rootstocks for Mg and K. Clone 3 of P. atlantica was the most efficient in using Mg and P. terebinthus in using K. Finally, an antagonistic effect was detected between these last 2 elements, with a highly significant negative correlation between K and Mg. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301233 Record 414 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The effects of alternate bearing, soil moisture and gypsum on potassium nutrition of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Zeng-DQ; Brown-PH; Rosecrance-RC; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 412-420; 43 ref. LA: English AB: A review of potassium nutrition in pistachios is presented and research perspectives in this area are discussed. Very limited information is available about K nutrition in pistachios. Recent studies indicate that K uptake and distribution are driven by fruit development, with the crop serving as a sink. K uptake occurs mainly during the nut-fill period, with little uptake during the spring vegetative flush and postharvest periods. K fertilization is found to be effective in increasing leaf K status, nut yield and quality. However, no guidelines for K fertilization exist and no generally accepted yield-based K diagnostic criteria have been developed. Further studies on K nutrition should be conducted in association with problems encountered in pistachio production, such as soil moisture regimes and nutrient interactions, in order to optimize the K fertilizer program. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301236 Record 415 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio nut iron deficiencies on calcareous soils. AU: Tekin-H; Arpaci-S; Yukceken-Y; Cakir-I; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 421-425; 7 ref. LA: English AB: An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different Fe levels on fruit quality of pistachio nut and also to determine the optimum levels of iron required in orchards with high lime levels and visible symptoms of leaf chlorosis. The trial was carried out in the Gaziantep district of Turkey during 1994-96. The most effective foliar spray was Fe sulfate at 55 ppm and pH 3; this was also the most economic rate to overcome deficiency problems. Soil application of 4-6 kg Fe sulfate/tree was also effective and economic. Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA were also effective but very costly. There was a positive correlation between Fe levels and 100-nut weight. There was no relationship between Fe level and split percentage or kernel percentage. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301237 Record 416 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Multivariate analysis of the effects of growth regulators on the regeneration of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from cotyledons. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Khsib-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 434-442; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio cv. Mateur cotyledons were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of benzyladenine (BAP), IBA and NAA, each at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0 mg/litre. In all there were 69 treatments. The response of the cotyledons was not always consistent so multivariate analysis was used to analyse the data. Discriminant analysis of 17 hormonal computations identified the main results but although it could eliminate ineffective media it also excluded interesting combinations. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a better description of various media effects on organogenesis was achieved, and at least 9 interesting balanced media that promoted pistachio micropropagation without the undesirable effects of rhizogenesis and callogenesis were selected. It was difficult to define a theoretical model for the observed effects of the growth regulators since their effect was related more to the growth regulator balance rather than a specific regulator. BAP was a determinant in adventitious regeneration with well defined effects, whereas IBA and NAA acted as moderators. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301239 Record 417 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of the best suitable grafting method on different pistachio rootstocks. AU: Arpaci-S; Aksu-O; Tekin-H; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 443-446; 8 ref. LA: English AB: An experiment was carried out in Gaziantep, Turkey, between 1992 and 1996 to determine the best time for budding pistachio seedlings (spring summer or autumn) and the best method of budding (chip budding, T-budding, inverted T-budding and pipe budding) onto the rootstocks Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. The highest bud take was with P. vera rootstocks. In early autumn chip budding was the most successful but in June T- and inverted T-budding gave the best results. Budding method had no effect on seedling growth after budding. P. atlantica seedlings were the most vigorous while those on P. vera were the least vigorous. There was no interaction between rootstock and budding method. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301240 Record 418 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Multivariate analysis of the role of inorganic elements on micropropagation of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Khsib-T; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 447-453; 5 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of inorganic nutrients on the behaviour of adventitious shoots during in vitro multiplication of the pistachio cultivar Mateur were investigated with special reference to the red pigmentation of leaves and shoot vigour. Adventitious shoots were transferred to media containing 7 concentrations of 6 macroelements and 9 microelements (63 media). The data was analysed using Principal Component Analysis to screen the appropriate elements and concentrations for optimal micropropagation. Several of the media eliminated the red pigmentation, particularly those containing low concentrations of the macroelements KCl and KH2PO4 and the microelements H3BO3 and KI. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301241 Record 419 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Thaminy-S; Ghorbel-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 460-466; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The use of somatic embryogenesis to overcome problems of red pigmentation and bud necrosis in in vitro propagation of pistachio was investigated. Cotyledons, leaves and apical internodes were cultured in inducing medium supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin. Explants were transferred to a second medium for callus proliferation and embryo maturation. Callogenesis levels were similar for all types of explant but somatic embryogenesis on the inducing medium varied with explant source. Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledons in the presence of 1.0 mg 2,4-D + 1.0 mg kinetin/litre (60%); from leaves in the presence of 2.0 mg 2,4-D + 1.5 mg kinetin/litre (63%); and from internodes in the presence of 5.0 mg 2,4-D + 2.0 mg kinetin/litre (68%). PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301243 Record 420 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Different pruning applications on pistachio and almond. AU: Kuden-A; Ikinci-A; Kuden-AB; Tekin-H; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 477-480; 4 ref. LA: English AB: A pruning experiment was performed in Turkey on pistachio cv. Kirmizi and almond cultivars Nonpareil and 101-9, beginning in 1995. Summer pruning was performed in August on pistachios and in July and August on almonds. Autumn pruning was applied in November on pistachios and in October on almonds. The effects of these treatments on flowering, shoot development, fruit yield and quality were compared with those of winter pruning. Summer pruning caused a 2- to 3-day delay of flowering in Nonpareil and a 3- to 6-day delay in 101-9. Shoot development was best in July-pruned almonds. In pistachios, autumn and winter pruning induced poor shoot development. However, fruit drop was observed on poorly developing one-year-old shoots which resulted in a high rate of fruit set. This self-thinning decreased the rate of alternate bearing and a regular crop was obtained the following year. Additionally, splitting rate and fruit size were increased. Autumn pruning in November caused increased shoot development and a decrease in fruit bud drop. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301246 Record 421 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Sample costs for establishing a pistachio orchard and producing pistachios. AU: Klonsky-K; Livingston-P; Beede-B; Freeman-M; Hendricks-L; Holtz-B; Kallsen-C; Sibbett-S; Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 481-492; 4 ref. LA: English AB: The detailed costs for the establishment of a pistachio orchard in the San Joaquin Valley of California, USA are presented. A hypothetical farm consisting of 100 acres of pistachios was the basis for the study. The practices described are based on production procedures commonly used on well-managed orchards in the area. Costs for labour, materials and equipment are based on current prices. The study is intended as a guide for making production decisions, determining potential returns, preparing budgets and evaluating production loans. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301247 Record 422 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Determination of the most suitable total temperature and harvest time for some pistachio cultivars. AU: Atli-HS; Arpaci-S; Tekin-H; Yaman-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 502-506; 8 ref. LA: English AB: In 1996, the day-degree requirements of 5 pistachio cultivars, grown in Gaziantep, Turkey, were determined in order to calculate the most suitable time for harvesting the nuts. Nut weight, splitting percentage and total fat content were determined at 5 stages during nut development. Optimal harvesting times in day-degrees after full bloom (DD) were 3607 DD for Kirmizi, 3797 DD for Uzun, 4106 DD for Siirt and Ohadi and 4405 DD for Kallahghochi. This meant that September was the best time for harvest for all cultivars except Kallahghochi, which should be harvested in October. Harvesting before the optimum time could result in decreased yield and reduced fat content. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301249 Record 423 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of fruit bud thinning and pruning on alternate bearing and nut quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Boler-K; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 507-509; 2 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of fruit bud thinning and pruning on biennial bearing and nut quality of the pistachio cultivars Kirmizi and Keten Gomlek was investigated in 2 separate experiments. A 30-year-old commercial orchard was used. Fruit-bud thinning was carried out between 1993-95 when dormant fruit buds were removed from the branches in March to leave 1 or 2 fruit buds on each shoot. The pruning experiment was conducted between 1994 and 1996 when the trees were were topped and hedged with shoots being headed back to 40-50 cm. Thinning improved yield and nut quality. Untreated trees yielded an average of 25 kg compared to an average of 30 kg/tree for the treated trees in 'on' years, with satisfactory yield of 30% of the 'on' year yield being obtained in the 'off' year. Nut size was also larger on treated trees, with a higher proportion of split nuts than on untreated trees. Pruning produced similar effects on yield, nut size and proportion of split nuts as fruit bud thinning. Pruning also affected shoot growth compared to untreated trees; annual shoots were thicker and new shoots emerged from the centre of the canopy. Pruned trees had larger leaves of a darker green colour than unpruned trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301250 Record 424 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Irrigation of pistachio in Italy: ten years of observation. AU: Monastra-F; Avanzato-D; Martelli-S; D'-Ascanio-R; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 516-522; 7 ref. LA: English AB: In Basilicata, Italy an experiment was carried out to determine the long-term effects of various irrigation regimes on cv. Larnaka trees on Pistacia integerrima rootstocks, planted in 1987. The irrigation treatments replaced 75, 50, 25 or 0% of daily evaporation (class A evaporimeter). Growth patterns indicated that irrigation equal to 50% of evaporative demand could support trunk growth equal to that in the fully irrigated treatment. Flower production in irrigated treatments occurred 2 years earlier than in non-irrigated trees. Irrigation also promoted shoot growth, both in the presence and absence of inflorescences. This phenomenon would beneficial in reducing alternate bearing, which is especially strong in non-irrigated plants. Production data demonstrated that irrigation increased fresh and dry kernel yield and had no effect on hull to kernel ratio. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 990301252 Record 425 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of fall defoliation and spring shading on shoot carbohydrate and growth parameters among individual branches of alternate bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1999, 124: 1, 52-60; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Early autumn (September) defoliation and late spring (early June) shading of "off" and "on" pistachio trees in Winters, California, USA, were used to test 2 hypotheses: (1) that autumn defoliation would reduce carbohydrate storage sufficiently to suppress spring growth and (2) that spring shading would reduce carbohydrate status and increase inflorescence bud abscission. Defoliation suppressed initial leaf area expansion the following spring on current year shoots of "off" but not "on" trees. Suppression of leaf expansion was correlated with the initial low concentration of carbohydrates in organs of individual branches of the tree. Fruiting and artificial shading in June had more dramatic effects on growth parameters than defoliating. Shading "off" trees for 14 days in early June accelerated abscission of inflorescence buds and reduced dry mass of individual leaves, buds, current year and 1-year-old shoots. Shading also reduced the concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) of these organs in "off" and "on" trees. Fruiting suppressed leaf size and leaf dry mass by 20 and 30% among individual branches of undefoliated and defoliated trees, respectively. Low carbohydrate concentrations in individual branches and inflorescence buds following shading were closely correlated with the abscission of inflorescence buds. PT: Journal-article AN: 990301717 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 426 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Photosynthetic characteristics of six pistachio cultivars. AU: Palma-L-de; de-Palma-L SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 45-49; 8 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic photon flux, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency were measured in the female pistachio cultivars Bianca, Kerman, Larnaka and Red Aleppo and the male cultivars Ask and Peter growing in an experimental orchard in Bari, Italy. The 2 male genotypes were characterized by high stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and by high-to-medium net CO2 uptake. The female cultivars Larnaka and Bianca had the highest and the lowest rates of carbon assimilation, respectively (Kerman and Red Aleppo had very similar carbon assimilation rates). Larnaka achieved the best compromise between assimilation and transpiration rates, as indicated by its higher water use efficiency. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990301851 Record 427 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: The effects of paclobutrazol (PP-333) applications on inflorescence in male pistachio trees. AU: Ak-BE SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 57-61; 16 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Three male pistachio trees (cultivar unknown but all trees were similar) growing at Ceylanpinar State Farm in Sanliurfa, Turkey, were sprayed with paclobutrazol at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 ppm when current shoot growth was completed (25 June 1989). Paclobutrazol at or above 500 ppm delayed flowering; the delay increased as the rate increased. Trees sprayed with paclobutrazol at 500 ppm flowered at the same time as the female cultivar Siirt. Percentage pollen germination was highest in controls (85%), and was generally lower from paclobutrazol-treated trees, although the inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol declined as the rate increased. Average shoot length decreased from 10.16 cm in controls to 1.0 cm in trees sprayed with paclobutrazol at 4000 ppm. Pistachios growing in unirrigated conditions suffer from reduced shoot growth due to water deficit and the additional decrease in shoot growth caused by paclobutrazol was considered undesirable. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990301853 Record 428 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Carbohydrate content of inflorescent buds of defruited and fruiting pistachio (Pistacia vera L) branches in relation to biennial bearing. AU: Vemmos-SN SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 1999, 74: 1, 94-100; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Changes in carbohydrate content of inflorescence buds of fruiting and defruited branches of the same tree were measured in 1994 and 1995 in the period before and during bud abscission in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes) to investigate its relationship with inflorescence bud abscission. HPLC was used for soluble sugar analysis, while starch was hydrolysed to glucose enzymatically and the amount of glucose was then determined using the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. The effect of fruits on leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll a and b (Chl (a+b)) in leaves and specific leaf weight (SLW) was also investigated in 1995. Starch concentration was initially similar in buds of fruiting and defruited branches but became greater in buds of defruited branches from early June 1994 (57 days after full bloom (AFB)) and 20 June 1995 (61 dAFB), resulting in higher starch contents. Glucose and fructose concentrations were similar in flower buds throughout the whole period of measurement; inositol and sucrose (the most abundant sugar in flower buds) both became much lower in fruiting branches from early July 1994 (83 dAFB) and mid July 1995 (88 dAFB). The rapid decrease in sucrose concentration coincided with rapid seed growth and the greatest period of bud abscission in fruiting branches. During the same period, total sugar and total carbohydrate concentrations and contents were greater in buds of defruited branches. The presence of fruits increased Chl (a+b) content in leaves while decreasing SLW between 43 and 61 dAFB. During this same period, leaf Pn rates were greater in fruiting shoots than in defruited ones. PT: Journal-article AN: 990301949 Record 429 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Impact of certain factors on dehiscence and production of empty fruits in pistachio Pistacia vera L. OT: Impact de certains facteurs sur la dehiscence et la production des fruits vides chez le pistachier Pistacia vera L. AU: Oukabli-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 67-73; 11 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: Results of studies in Morocco on the effects of cultivar, rootstock and climatic factors (particularly cold) on shell dehiscence are reported. Data on 8 cultivars over 3 years indicated an effect of cultivar and of year on percentage shell dehiscence. Percentage shell dehiscence was highest in cv. Mateur and lowest in cv. Batouri. When shell dehiscence was evaluated over 4 years in cv. Mateur on 11 Pistacia atlantica rootstocks, percentage dehiscence varied between 64 and 84%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302036 Record 430 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. OT: Microgreffage du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Mliki-A; Ghorbel-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 121-130; 26 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: In in vitro and ex vitro micrografting experiments with pistachio cv. Mateur, the highest success rate (>70%) was obtained when scions were taken from in vitro shoots originating from meristematic apices which had been cultured on Zygotic(Ra-Z) medium containing 1.0 mg BAP [benzyladenine]/litre, 0.2 mg IBA/litre and 0.05 mg NAA/litre. The scions were cleft-grafted on to seedling rootstocks with 0.2-0.3 cm diameter. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302038 Record 431 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Suitability of some selected and fast growing P. atlantica, Desf. types as pistachio nut rootstock. AU: Kafkas-S; Kaska-N SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 185-190; 7 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Seed viability and germination were assessed in seeds of 6 Pistacia atlantica types collected in Southern, Central and Western Anatolia, Turkey, and compared with the control cultivar Ohadi. The percentage of viable seeds was highest in AT-4502 (91.7%) and lowest in AT-70E1 (51.7%), compared with 88.3% in Ohadi. Seeds were scarified with H2SO4, stratified at 4°C for 60 days and/or soaked in 125 ppm GA3 for 48 h. Percentage germination was highest in Ohadi, followed by AT-4502 (78.67% germination, following stratification). Seeds stratified before sowing produced seedlings with the largest stem diameters. Over 90% of the seedlings produced from stratified seeds of Ohadi were ready for budding 6 months after sowing, compared with 84% for AT-4502, 40% for AT-33M1 and 36% for AT-7001. Overall, AT-4502 and AT-7001 are recommended based on germination and growth rates. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302043 Record 432 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of pollens of different Pistacia spp. on the protein and oil content in pistachio nut. AU: Ak-BE; Kaska-N SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 197-201; 11 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Pistachio cultivars Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Bilgen and Vahidi were pollinated with pollen of selected males of P. vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus at Ceylanpinar State Farm, Turkey, in 1989 and 1990. Protein and oil contents were highest in Kirmizi, Bilgen and Vahidi (23.97-24.78% protein and 50.75-54.22% oil); the effects of pollen on protein and oil content were inconclusive. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302045 Record 433 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fruit set and some fruit traits of pistachio cultivars grown under rainfed conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm. AU: Ak-BE SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 217-223; 15 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Data on fruit set, fruit weight, rates of split nuts, rates of blank nuts and rates of filled nuts are tabulated for 25-year-old trees of the pistachio cultivars Kirmizi, Siirt, Ohadi, Mumtaz, Vahidi and Mumtaz on Pistacia vera seedling rootstocks growing under non-irrigated conditions at Ceylanpinar State Farm, Turkey, in 1992-94. Fruit set was highest in Kirmizi and lowest in Vahidi. Fruit weight was highest in Kirmizi. Siirt had the highest splitting rate (66.49%) and Vahidi the lowest (32.40%). Vahidi had a high percentage of empty fruits but the results varied by year. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302047 Record 434 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Current situation of research into the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). AU: Couceiro-JF; Coronado-JM; Mendiola-MA SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 225-233; 11 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Studies on phenology, propagation and other aspects of pistachio production carried over the last 10 years to determine the possibilities of growing pistachios in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, are described. Over the last 2 years almost 200 ha of Pistacia terebinthus have been sown; the seedlings will be grafted with cultivars Kerman, Napoletana, Peter and 02-18. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 990302048 Record 435 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Spread of Botryosphaeria dothidea in central California pistachio orchards. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Felts-D; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 582-591; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, caused by B. dothidea, was first reported in California, USA, in 1984 in several orchards in Butte, Glenn, and Tehama Counties of the Sacramento Valley. Botryosphaeria blight, a devastating disease, reduces yields and kills fruiting buds and wood. In 1995 and 1996 a total of 70 commercial pistachio orchards located in the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Valleys were surveyed to determine the spread of Botryosphaeria blight in California. Twenty to 35 blighted shoots, rachises, and leaf petioles that were retained on the trees from the previous year were collected arbitrarily from 6-8 rows in each orchard. The samples were examined with a dissecting microscope for the presence of pycnidia of B. dothidea. B. dothidea was found in 70% (1995) and 52% (1996) of the commercial pistachio orchards surveyed, in 5-100% of the blighted shoots and in 5-90% of the blighted rachises for the various orchards. Other fungi recovered from these samples were species of Phomopsis and Camarosporium, which can also cause shoot blight in pistachios. In addition, in 3 orchards where Botryosphaeria blight was very common, blighted shoots from several wild and cultivated species growing close to these pistachio orchards were sampled. Samples of 8 of the 12 species sampled had pycnidia of B. dothidea. It is suggested that Botryosphaeria blight has become widespread and caused yield losses in many California counties. None of the samples collected from Kern County, where most of the pistachio acreage is located, had any signs of Botryosphaeria. Possible ways by which the disease spreads are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991001035 Record 436 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Factors affecting the development and management of Septoria leaf spot of pistachio in Arizona. AU: Matheron-ME; Call-RE; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 592-595; 8 ref. LA: English AB: In 1964, Septoria leaf spot was detected for the first time in the United States in experimental pistachio plantings at Brownwood, Texas. A moderate level of the same disease, caused by S. pistaciarum, was first observed in 1986 on leaves of pistachio trees in Arizona. In 1988 a survey of the 800 ha of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery and identification of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared every year in Arizona pistachio orchards. The onset and severity of the disease is affected by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Yearly disease management studies conducted since 1992 have shown that as few as 2 applications of chlorothalonil in July and August can virtually prevent disease development. Applications of copper hydroxide or benomyl alone or in combination also effectively arrested disease development. Leaves around nut clusters not receiving fungicide treatments were senescent at crop maturity, while leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with a fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991001036 Record 437 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio nut insect pests and means of control in Greece. AU: Mourikis-PA; Tsourgianni-A; Chitzanidis-A; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 604-611; 12 ref. LA: English AB: The major and minor insect pests attacking pistachio trees in Greece are described. Capnodis tenebrionis has been observed in roots of non-irrigated trees. On branches and twigs of weakened trees the coleopterans Acrantus vestitus, Estonoborus perrisii [Carphoborus perrisi] and Sinoxylon sexdentatum might be found. On leaves, the leaf folders Archips rosanus and Teleiodes decorella are endemic in some regions. Thaumetopoea solitaria has been reported only once feeding on leaves. Leaf-feeding Coleoptera, mainly Chrysomelidae, are widespread but are of minor importance. Pseudocoeliodes rubricus attacks the inflorescences of male trees only. The psyllid Agonoscena sp. may cause premature defoliation. Idiocerus stali [Sulamicerus stali], when in large populations, causes withering of leaves and blight of young panicles. The most serious pests of pistachios are the microlepidopteran Palumbina guerinii and the seed chalcid Eurytoma plotnikovi. Both attack fruits every year, causing up to 90% infestation. The scale insects Anapulvinaria pistaciae, Saissetia oleae, Ceroplastes rusci, Melanaspis inopinata and Lepidosaphes pistaciae have been observed in small populations. Apomyelois ceratoniae [Ectomyelois ceratoniae] has been found on split fruits remaining on the trees after harvest. This species and Ephestia sp. may infest stored nuts. For most of these pests, sanitation measures are the primary means of control. Annual spray applications are necessary against P. guerinii and E. plotnikovi. Sprays against other pests are applied only in cases of heavy infestations. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991101118 Record 438 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Breeding and genetics of pistachio: the California program. AU: Chao-CT; Parfitt-DE; Ferguson-L; Kallsen-C; Maranto-J; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 152-161; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The programme started with an initial set of 1940 pistachio (Pistacia vera) progenies from 78 crosses. In 1990, an additional 5470 seedlings were produced from 176 controlled crosses. Progeny from each cross were planted at Davis-Winters, Kearney Agricultural Center and near Bakersfield, CA, and evaluated. Flowering date, sex, tree size as measured by trunk cross sectional area, and disease status were collected. Nuts were evaluated for number of nuts per tree, splits, blanks, wet and dry weight, kernel weight and volume. Heritability estimates for nut characters, tree size and Alternaria late blight resistance ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Several parents were identified that apparently provide a high level of resistance to Alternaria. Phytophthora resistance in both scion accessions and rootstock species combinations are being evaluated at KAC and preliminary results suggest that resistance may be simply inherited. Relationships among various nut parameters and the relationship of tree size to flowering and parentage were also investigated. Preliminary data suggests that yields of 9 selections will be significantly larger than that of control cv. Kerman. All of the selections have commercial grade nuts and several have improved size and splits vs. Kerman. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601128 Record 439 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Vigour in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 162-167; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Vigour, measured as trunk diameter, was evaluated in 1336 five-year-old pistachio (Pistacia vera) seedlings, derived from 16 controlled crosses between 7 female and 9 male cultivars made at IRTA-Mas Bove. Mateur X Tunez, Mateur X C and Batoury X C were promising, producing a high percentage of vigorous seedlings. In contrast, progenies of Larnaka X Nazar, Larnaka X M-38, Larnaka X M-502 and SfaxXM-502, showed less vigour. Seedlings derived from Mateur as a female parent were more vigorous than seedlings from Aegina, Ouleimy and Larnaka. C showed promise as a male parent. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601129 Record 440 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Genetic and phenotypic diversity in pistachio (P. vera L.) germplasm collected in Mediterranean countries. AU: Caruso-T; Iannini-C; Barone-E; Marra-FP; Sottile-F; Greco-CI; Sabina-MR; Martelli-G; Monastra-F; Batlle-I; Vargas-F; Romero-M; Ak-BE; Zakynthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Padulosi-S; Laghezali-M; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 168-178; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Some 49 male and 44 female accessions originating in Mediterranean and Central Asian countries, and collected in Italy, Greece, Morocco, Spain and Turkey, were examined for a common set of qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors previously confirmed to be highly discriminatory. The phenotypic data recorded were assessed using cluster analysis. RAPD analysis of DNA extracted from the leaves of 24 accessions (8 male and 16 female cultivars) gathered in a collection located in Sicily was used to produce matrices of dissimilarity and to perform cluster analysis. On the whole, a high degree of polymorphism was detected for both the phenotypic and genetic traits examined. Among the female accessions, cluster analyses did not separate the Mediterranean from the Iranian-Caspian genotypes. DNA analysis together with those from the morphological descriptors increased the level of the accuracy for germplasm identification and improved the reliability of the studies on genetic/phenotypic diversity and relatedness among the tested accessions. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601130 Record 441 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Closed pollination for pistachio rootstock production. AU: Reyes-HC; Metheney-PD; Ferguson-L; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 208-210; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Prunus atlantica was used as a pollen donor for a female tree of P. integerrima enclosed by a plastic cover to guarantee controlled pollination. Early estimates indicate fruit set rates as high as 50%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601134 Record 442 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio rootstock breeding by crossing different wild species grown in Turkey. AU: Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 219-225; 3 ref. LA: English AB: During the spring months of 1996, crosses Prunus terebinthus X P. terebinthus, P. terebinthus X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk X P. atlantica and P. khinjuk X P. terebinthus were made in two locations (in the Adana and Siirt provinces of Turkey). Nuts were harvested in August, September and October, 1996. The choice of pollinator did not affect the weights and sizes of the nuts. The highest germination percentages were achieved when P. khinjuk was used as the female parent. When P. atlantica was used as the pollinator and P. khinjuk was used as the female, stems were thinner and short. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601135 Record 443 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Nursery behaviour of pistachio rootstocks. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Clave-J; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 231-236; 14 ref. LA: English AB: At IRTA Mas Bove, a nursery trial was started in 1996 using seeds from 4 Pistacia atlantica (one from Syria and 3 from USA), 3 P. integerrima (SA), 4 P. palaestina (one from Syria, one from USA and 2 from Greece), one P. terebinthus (Spain) and 2 P. vera (cultivars Larnaka and Mateur) clones. P. palaestina from Greece and USA, and P. atlantica and P. integerrima both from USA were interspecific hybrids. Significant and important differences in vigour (trunk diameter and height) between rootstocks were observed at the end of the first growing season. In relation to trunk thickness, which is essential to allow budding, seedlings derived of P. integerrima, P. atlantica and, to a lesser degree, P. palaestina were promising. Seedlings derived from P. terebinthus showed reduced growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601281 Record 444 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Variation in kernel chlorophyll content of different pistachio varieties grown in six countries. AU: Agar-IT; Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 372-377; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content was investigated in 4 Turkish pistachio varieties grown in Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa,Turkey as well as in 36 Iranian pistachio varieties and genotypes grown in Iran, 7 Italian varieties, 2 Tunisian varieties, 1 Greek variety and 1 Syrian variety. Generally, Italian varieties showed the highest chlorophyll a content. Although Ghiandalora had the lowest chlorophyll a content among Italian varieties, its was still higher than that of varieties from other countries. Turkish and Iranian varieties showed an intermediate chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, while Syrian and Greek varieties were lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601286 Record 445 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Lipid characteristics of Turkish and Iranian pistachio kernels. AU: Agar-IT; Kafkas-S; Kaska-N; Ferguson-L (ed.); Kester-D SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on pistachios and almonds, Davis, California, USA, 24-29 August 1997. Acta-Horticulturae. 1998, No. 470, 378-384; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The fat content and fatty acid composition of seeds of 9 Turkish pistachio (Pistacia vera) varieties grown in Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa-Turkey and 36 Iranian pistachio varieties and genotypes grown in Iran were investigated. Oil extraction and fatty acid methyl ester formation were done in a single step and the composition of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. Fat content ranged from 48.55 to 58.50% and 47.65 to 63.31% in Turkish and Iranian varieties, respectively. Palmitic acid ranged from 8.27 to 11.07% in Turkish and 8.40 to 10.87% in Iranian varieties. Palmitoleic acid content was less than 1% in Turkish varieties, and ranged between 0 and 1.46% in Iranian varieties. The stearic acid content of the Turkish pistachio varieties ranged from 0.20 to 2.79% whereas Iranian varieties contained from 0.44 to 1.80%. Oleic acid content ranged from 53.16 to 72.63% in Turkish varieties and from 51.80 to 71.23% in Iranian varieties. Linoleic acid content was between 16.58 and 35.40% in Turkish varieties and between 17.36 and 35.16% in Iranian varieties. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-780-7 AN: 991601287 Record 446 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Vigour and juvenile stage in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 105-111; 14 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Observations on vigour (trunk diameter 2, 3 and 4 years after planting) and on existence of a juvenile period (presence of flower buds 4 years after planting) in 1,626 pistachio seedlings from 30 controlled crosses between 9 female and 12 male cultivars were made between 1994 and 1996 at Reus, Spain. Among these 1,626 seedlings, 879 (15 families) were distributed at random in the orchard to compare differences between progenies for some important characteristics. Values of vigour in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th years after planting were highly significantly correlated, enabling selection for this character when trees are very young (2 years old). High vigour was shown by the progenies of Mateur X Tunez and Mateur X C, while low vigour was displayed by the progenies of Larnaka X M-38 and Larnaka X M-502. With regard to parents, seedlings derived from Mateur (female) and C (male) showed the highest vigour, while derivatives of Larnaka (female) showed lower vigour. Considerable differences between families were also observed in relation to the juvenile period. The following progenies produced the largest numbers of flower buds at 4 years after planting: Larnaka X B, Batoury X C, Mateur X C, Kerman X M-11 and Kerman X M-36. Good potential female parents for this character were Kerman, Batoury and Mateur, and promising male parents were B, C, M-502 and Peters. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602275 Record 447 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Characterization of pistachio cultivars using isozymes. AU: Rovira-M; Batlle-I; Romero-M; Vargas-FJ SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 113-120; 14 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: Leaf samples of 55 pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars from 13 countries were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to study the variability for 7 isoenzyme systems: aconitase (ACO), esterase (EST), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase [aspartate aminotransferase] (GOT), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD). Polymorphism was observed in five of the isoenzymes (ACO, EST, GPI, PGM and SKD). GPI showed 8 different phenotypes and was the most useful for identification of cultivars. Isoenzyme variation enabled the female cultivars and male genotypes to be classified into 12 and 2 groups, respectively. Two female cultivars (Bianca and Red Jalap) and 4 male genotypes (A, C-Especial, M-P3 and M-P) were identified as being of hybrid origin. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602276 Record 448 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: In vitro organogenesis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur from leaves of zygote embryos. OT: Organogenese in vitro du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Mateur a partir de feuilles d'embryons zygotiques. AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Zemni-H; Ghorbel-A SO: Proceedings of the X GREMPA Seminar, Meknes, Morocco, 14-17 October 1996. Cahiers-Options-Mediterraneennes. 1998, 33: 131-138; 16 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: The first attempts to cultivate pistachio in vitro were mainly made with wild Pistacia, since in vitro culture of P. vera had proved to be rather difficult. Recently, a method of propagating pistachio from cotyledons allowed the recovery of 100 acclimatized plants. Experiments were conducted using leaf explants from in vitro-cultured zygotic embryos in order to increase the number of juvenile explants per seed. Plants produced by leaf organogenesis behaved similarly to those obtained through cotyledon organogenesis. However, such plants were genotypically similar to seedlings and thus would be better as rootstocks. Contrary to cotyledon culture, a great diversity of forms and textures of callus was produced by leaf organogenesis in addition to the plantlets produced, which could be useful for somatic embryogenesis and eventually for isolation of protoplasts. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 991602277 Record 449 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Current pistachio production and strategies for its development in China. AU: Lu-BingShe; Dong-Yuan; Bai-ZhiYing; Lu-BS; Dong-Y; Bai-ZY SO: Journal-of-Fruit-Science. 1998, 15: 3, 252-255; 13 ref. LA: Chinese LS: English AB: The origin and distribution of pistachio in China, as well as current production and problems in breeding are discussed. Proposed strategies for increasing its production are: import of promising foreign cultivars to enrich China's resources; breeding of new cultivars; expansion of research and selection of suitable new production areas; and use of the experiences of other countries in pistachio production. PT: Journal-article AN: 991602327 Record 450 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effect of thidiazuron on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio embryos. AU: Vatanpour-A; Villiers-TA; Davey-MR (ed.); Alderson-PG (ed.); Lowe-KC (ed.); Power-JB SO: Tree-biotechnology:-towards-the-millennium. 1998, 155-161; 20 ref. PB: Nottingham University Press; Nottingham; UK LA: English AB: The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) on shoot proliferation from mature pistachio (Pistacia vera) embryos cultured in vitro was investigated. Sterile seeds were germinated on semi-solid MS medium in the dark. After germination the embryos were excised and dissected to produce explants from different parts such as embryo axes (epicotyl, hypocotyl), radicle and cotyledons. The explants were cultured in the dark and in the light, on MS medium with MS vitamins supplemented with 0.01, 0.02, 0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 1.1 or 2.2 mg TDZ/litre. Callus was produced 5-6 days after culture initiation, and after 10 days shoots or pale green, leaf-like organs appeared on the embryo axes, most often from the cotyledonary node. They were also produced from the proximal end of cotyledon petioles, either isolated or when attached to the axis but not from the cotyledon itself. After 15 days small leaf-like organs and shoots became prominent on these explants but never from excised cotyledons without their petioles, or from root explants. Shoot regeneration increased with increasing TDZ concentration up to 0.11 mg/litre, but higher concentrations produced a decrease in shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon petioles was observed only at 0.22 mg/litre TDZ. Shoot initiation was always less when the embryos were cultured in the dark. The callus produced from embryo axes and cotyledon petioles was of good quality, while that from separated cotyledons was compact and hard. PT: Book-chapter IB: 1-897676-68-9 AN: 991602743 Record 451 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Use of growth regulators for adventitious shoot regeneration and plant propagation from mature cotyledons of pistachio (Pistacia vera). AU: Chatibi-A; Kchouk-ML; Mliki-A; Zemni-H; Ghorbel-A; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 263-269; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The cotyledons of the pistachio cultivar Mateur were cultured on 69 media with different combinations of growth regulators (BA, IBA and NAA). The best combinations for adventitious shoot regeneration were 1.5:1.0:1.0 and 1.5:2.0:0.5 mg/litre (BA:IBA:NAA), which produced 75 and 67% shoots (without callogenesis or rhizogenesis), respectively. These shoots were easily rooted and acclimatized. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 980311340 Record 452 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Embryo rescue on abortive pistachio seeds. AU: Buyukalaca-S; Gulen-H; Tanriver-E; Kaska-N; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 307-308; 4 ref. LA: English AB: A study was carried out to determine the best culture medium for germination of pistachio embryos. Abortive pistachio seeds received from Kerman, Iran, were the source of the embryos. Embryos were germinated on the following 3 media: solid, growth regulator-free MS medium; solid, growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium without sucrose; and liquid growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium without sucrose. Germination occurred on all media. After 4 weeks, all germinated seedlings were subcultured onto the same media. The best shoot and root formation was achieved with the liquid half-strength MS medium. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 980311346 Record 453 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Alternate bearing affects nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and starch storage pools in mature pistachio trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH SO: Annals-of-Botany. 1998, 82: 4, 463-470; 42 ref. LA: English AB: Off-year and on-year mature (20-year-old) pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees on P. atlantica rootstock were excavated from a commercial orchard at Madera, California, USA, on 24 May (end of spring flush), 10 December (tree dormancy) and 8 September (end of nut fill) [years not given] for analysis of nutrient concentrations and starch content in various plant parts. Functional storage of nutrients was determined as the difference in nutrient content of perennial tree parts between dormancy (highest nutrient content) and the period following spring flush (lowest nutrient content). Heavy cropping (on-year trees) significantly reduced functional storage of N, P and K and tree nutrient contents compared to light cropping (off-year trees). Nutrients stored during the off year were used for reproductive growth in the following year. Two processes contributing to nutrient storage pools were leaf nutrient resorption and soil nutrient uptake. Nutrient uptake from the soil was proportionally more important in off-year trees, while leaf nutrient resorption was more important in on-year trees. On- and off-year trees stored nutrients in their roots and canopy branches, but trees depleted shoot reserves prior to root reserves. PT: Journal-article AN: 980313798 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/anbo.1998.0696 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/anbo.1998.0696 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0305-7364%28000000%2982%3A4%3C463%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 454 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Descriptors of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). OT: Descripteurs du pistachier (Pistacia vera L.). CA: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. SO: 1997, iv + 53 pp.; 15 ref. PB: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI); Rome; Italy LA: French LS: English AB: This publication, in the standard IPGRI format, provides for Pistacia vera descriptor definitions, a passport of accession and collection data descriptors, orchard management descriptors, characterization descriptors, environment and site descriptors, and evaluation descriptors with regard to plant morphology, abiotic and biotic stresses, biochemical and molecular markers, cytological characters and identified genes. PT: Book IB: 92-9043-333-7 AN: 981614860 Record 455 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pollen effects on fruit and seed characteristics in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Hormaza-JI; Herrero-M SO: Annals-of-Applied-Biology. 1998, 132: 2, 357-364; 28 ref. LA: English AB: The agronomic profitability of nut production in pistachio (P. vera) is affected by the production of empty nuts, the small size and dry weight of the edible kernel, and the low percentage of endocarp dehiscence. The cultivar White Batoury was used as the female parent, and was pollinated with pollen from P. atlantica and 6 different P. vera genotypes in Spain. The effects on several fruit, nut and embryo characters were investigated. Possible xenic and/or metaxenic effects were studied. The use of P. atlantica pollen affected some traits. There were no clear differences when pollen from the different P. vera genotypes were used. It is suggested that at the intraspecific level, the main limitations to pistachio fruit production are not pollen factors. PT: Journal-article AN: 980308856 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 456 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on bloom advancement in female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Tzoutzoukou-CG; Pontikis-CA; Tolia-Marioli-A SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 1998, 73: 4, 517-526; 21 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) at concentrations of 2500, 5000, 10 000, 20 000 or 40 000 mg litre-1 on two application dates, 15 December and 15 January, to dormant buds in situ on pistachio cv. Aegenes trees were examined over a period of two years near Athens. Gibberellic acid considerably advanced flower budbreak, increased bud respiration rates, leaf area and shoot length, decreased the dry weight per nut but did not affect flower bud abscission or the percentage of split nuts. The results indicated that the effectiveness of GA3 in advancing flowering of female pistachio was dependent on the time of application and the chilling units accumulated by the trees by that time. Advance of flowering was related to GA3 concentrations. It was also found that respiration rate increased rapidly before the onset of budbreak. PT: Journal-article AN: 980308983 Record 457 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Fatty acid oxidation of pistachio nuts stored under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. AU: Maskan-M; Karatas-S SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture. 1998, 77: 3, 334-340; 47 ref. LA: English AB: The fatty acid composition and stability of whole-split pistachio nuts were investigated at ambient conditions, under air and 98% CO2 at monolayer moisture content, and under different storage temperatures. High stability occurred under CO2 storage, particularly at 10°C. The Arrhenius model was used to establish that storage under CO2 was more temperature sensitive. Depending on storage conditions, a 18.24-72.05% reduction of linolenic acid, and a 2.15-20.16% reduction of linoleic acid occurred. Rate constants of fatty acid oxidation at 3 temperatures and ambient conditions, and Ea for various storage systems, were estimated. Peroxide values and free fatty acid contents of pistachio nuts were also determined as indicators of product storage stability. Least product oxidation and hydrolysis occurred at or near the monolayer moisture content and under CO2 storage. PT: Journal-article AN: 980309499 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 458 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Success with in vitro multiplication and rooting of the pistachio nut. AU: Olivier-JJ SO: Neltropika-Bulletin. 1998, No. 299, 30-31. LA: English LS: Afrikaans AB: Progress made by the Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, South Africa, in developing rooting and in vitro multiplication protocols for pistachio rootstock production is summarized. Pistachio rootstock is currently being multiplied at a satisfactory rate (number of plants can be doubled every 2 weeks), but variation exists in the response of explants to identical culture conditions and problems with excessive dieback have been observed. Ex vitro rooting of pistachio plants has been expensive and labour intensive. PT: Journal-article AN: 980309818 Record 459 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Pistachio propagation. OT: La multiplication du pistachier. AU: Aleta-N; Ninot-A; Rouskas-D; Zakinthinos-G; Avanzato-D; Gaspar-AM SO: Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-B,-Etudes-et-Recherches. 1997, No. 16, 121-132; 23 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: The propagation of Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus and P. vera rootstocks from seeds or softwood cuttings was studied. Seed stratification in moist and cool environments (2-4°C) for 30 days, before germination at 20°C, improved the germination and decreased the number of days for seeds to germinate for all species studied. P. atlantica, P. integerrima and P. vera could be propagated from softwood cuttings collected from etiolated mother trees and rooted under fog. P. atlantica and P. palestina propagated in this way were suitable for producing grafted containerized plants. However, graft take was very low with P. vera and plant quality was unacceptable. The best grafting results were obtained (in nursery beds and in containers) by chip budding in May-June using dormant buds from budsticks kept under refrigeration. PT: Journal-article AN: 980310701 Record 460 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Foliar and fruit diseases of pistachio and their control in California. AU: Michailides-TJ SO: NUCIS-Newsletter. 1997, No. 6, 24-29; 19 ref. LA: English AB: Diseases affecting pistachios in California, USA, are described. These include the 3 major blossom, foliar and fruit diseases: Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by B. dothidea, Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata and Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by B. cinerea. Minor foliar and fruit diseases that have not caused serious problems include: Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by S. sclerotiorum, Phomopsis shoot blight, powdery mildew, Septoria fruit spot caused by S. pistaciae, kernel rot (stigmatomycosis) caused by the yeasts Nematospora coryli and Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus fruit blights caused by A. niger and other Aspergillus spp. The symptoms, life cycles, epidemiology and control of these diseases are discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 981005554 Record 461 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea basal canker of pistachio trees in South Africa. AU: Swart-WJ; Blodgett-JT SO: Plant-Disease. 1998, 82: 8, 960; 1 ref. LA: English AB: In 1998, B. dothidea was identified as the causal agent of diseased Pistacia atlantica and P. integerrima rootstocks in Prieska, Northern Cape province, South Africa. Plants developed basal cankers and discoloured phloem and xylem. PT: Journal-article AN: 981006888 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 462 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: An environment-friendly technology for pistachio psyllid control in Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1997, 15: 2, 57-63; 3 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Pistachio psyllid Agonoscena targionii is the most important pest of pistachios in Syria. Many chemical compounds applied to control this pest resulted in insect resistance. Non-chemical methods to reduce the populations of this pest were examined. Trials were conducted in two regions in Syria during 1994-1995 with a combination of impaction and sticky coloured traps. Results showed that the adults of A. targionii were more attracted to the fluorescent-yellow sticky traps than to the others. Placing 25 cm wide fluorescent-yellow sticky traps around the upper part of tree stems during the first week of March, and before insects emergence from winter hibernation, permitted trapping large numbers (up to 200 insects/tree) of this pest. Rarely insects were trapped on 15 cm wide fluorescent-yellow sticky traps placed around the main branches of the tree, or on the fluorescent-yellow plastic sticky traps (Repell traps) hanged on the tree branches. PT: Journal-article AN: 981108294 Record 463 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Characteristics of selected pistachio cultivars in Iran. AU: Sheibani-A; Azghandi-A; Esmailpour-A; Rohani-N; Kuden-AB (ed.); Dennis-FG Jr. SO: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on temperate zone fruits in the tropics and subtropics, Adana, Turkey, 29 May-1 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 441, 125-128; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Ten-year-old trees of 27 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars from the Rafsanjan Pistachio Gene Bank were evaluated over 4 years in Rafsanjan. Data are tabulated on date of flowering and harvesting, nut quality and yield. The 10 best cultivars, based on highest yields of fresh and dried nuts (3000-6000 g/tree), suitable kernel weight and high splitting percentage, were identified. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-948-6 AN: 981612772 Record 464 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07 TI: Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from roasted pistachio nuts. AU: Palazoglu-TK; Balaban-MO SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1998, 41: 3, 679-684; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO2(SC-CO2) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6, and 34.5 MPa and temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C with ethanol (0, 5, and 10 wt%) as entrainer. The highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60°C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data was analysed by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature did not affect the extraction yield. Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concentration had a curvilinear effect. The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO2 at 34.5 MPa and 60°C was 5 times higher in for 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO2 alone (0.27 wt%). The difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavor intensity following SC-CO2 extraction. PT: Journal-article AN: 982402736 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 465 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effects of amino acid chelate leaf fertilizers on the yield, quality and shoot development of Kirmizi cultivar pistachio. OT: Aminoasit kleyti yaprak gubresi uygulamalarinin Kirmizi antepfistigi cesidinde meyve verim ve kalitesi ile surgun gelisimi uzerine etkileri. AU: Okay-Y; Erdogan-V; Kuru-C; Aktas-M; Ayfer-M SO: Anadolu. 1997, 7: 2, 109-120; 12 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: The effect of a foliar applied fertilizer (containing amino acids) on the growth and yield of pistachios cv. Kirmizi was investigated. Fertilizer application increased the mineral content of leaves, especially Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn, and influenced fruit quality (size, proportion of split shells, number of fruits/bud and profit). PT: Journal-article AN: 980304074 Record 466 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The response of pistachio trees to water stress as affected by two different rootstocks. AU: Germana-C; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, 513-519; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The response of 12-year-old pistachios (cv. Nostrale), grafted on Pistacia terebinthus or P. atlantica rootstocks, to water stress was investigated in Italy. The main processes and parameters observed included net photosynthetic activity, transpiration rate, water xylem potential, stomatal conductance and the temperature difference between canopies and the surrounding atmosphere. Environmental conditions such as vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation were also monitored. Results showed a surprising response to water stress, since xylem potential never fell below -0.5 MPa even in unirrigated plants under the most demanding conditions, while photosynthesis and transpiration rates were little affected by water stress. Temperature differences between irrigated and stressed plants remained negative (leaves were cooler than atmosphere) for all P. atlantica rootstocks, whereas they were almost constantly positive for P. terebinthus rootstocks. P. atlantica had more intense transpiration and net photosynthetic activities, particularly in water-stressed plants, compared with P. terebinthus. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 980304563 Record 467 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First observations on physiological effects of irrigation in pistachio. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; Monastra-F; De-Palma-L; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, 545-550; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of different amounts of irrigation water supply on net CO2 assimilation and related parameters were studied in pistachio cv. Larnaka in Southern Italy. Four seasonal irrigation volumes restoring 0, 25, 50 or 75% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration; 0, 1500, 3000 or 4500 m3 water/ha, respectively) were applied by drip [trickle] irrigation. All ecophysiological parameters were influenced by irrigation level. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were influenced by irrigation level; they were significantly lower in nonirrigated trees. No differences were found among irrigated trees. Restoration of 50% ETc appeared to match the best results for net CO2 uptake per leaf area unit and per whole leaf, photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. No differences were found concerning the vegetative traits of shoots or the transpiration rate per whole leaf at different irrigation levels. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 980304568 Record 468 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Etiological study of dieback and canker of pistachio nut tree in Rafsanjan. AU: Ashkan-SM; Abusaidi-D; Ershad-D SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1997, 33: 1-2, 15-26 (Pe), 5-6 (En); 10 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: During 1994-1995, the distribution and incidence of pistachio dieback and canker was studied in different pistachio (Pistacia vera) orchards in Rafsanjan and Sirjan, Iran. Disease incidence varied from 0 to 85%. Dark brown longitudinal streaks formed on branches 3-4 cm in diameter or thicker. The infected areas were somewhat sunken and the brown discoloration of the bark extended deeply into the wood, resulting in death of branches. Paecilomyces variotii, Cytospora sp., Coniothyrium sp., Ulocladium atrum and Acremonium kiliense were isolated from discoloured tissues. P. varioti and Cytospora sp. were isolated the most frequently. Inoculation of the isolated fungi to detached twigs, 1 and 3-year-old pistachio seedling shoots in the greenhouse and pistachio shoots of old trees in the field with and without wounding could not reproduce field symptoms. It is concluded that, the isolated fungi are not involved in the dieback and canker in pistachio trees in the area. PT: Journal-article AN: 981003516 Record 469 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Buried drip irrigation reduces Alternaria late blight in pistachio. AU: Goldhamer-DA; Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Chartzoulakis-KS SO: Proceedings of the second international symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Chania, Crete, Greece, 9-13 September 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 449, I, 335-340; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata), a fungal disease associated with high orchard humidity, threatens large pistachio production areas of California, USA. This disease affects both leaves and nuts. Lower marketable yields due to reduced shell splitting and shell staining are the usual consequences of the disease. This problem is most severe in flood irrigated (FI) orchards with infiltration problems and no chemical control method is currently available. It was proposed that changing orchard atmospheric conditions by reducing surface wetting could lessen A. alternata damage. The effects of buried drip (BDI) and FI on A. alternata of pistachio were compared in a 32 ha mature pistachio orchard (Kerman on P. Integerrima) for 2 seasons during 1994-95. BDI resulted in shorter periods of dew formation per day, lower relative humidities and higher temperatures. This, in turn, reduced the incidence and severity of leaf infection by A. alternata. For instance, c. 10 and 55% of the leaves in the BDI and FI, respectively, were infected at harvest. Furthermore, BDI reduced the incidence of infected fruit by half. The levels of A. alternata (and other filamentous fungi and yeasts) spore inoculum on leaves and fruits were not affected by the irrigation or the incipient infections by A. alternata on pistachio leaves. Disease differences can be explained by differences in atmospheric parameters associated with the 2 irrigation systems. BDI had somewhat lower (not statistically significant) gross yields by significantly more shell splitting. This resulted in higher yields of marketable product (edible split nuts). In both irrigation systems, higher fruit load on shoots predisposed leaves to infection by A. alternata. It is concluded that control of Alternaria late blight in FI pistachio orchards can be successfully accomplished by converting to BDI. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-869-2 AN: 981004474 Record 470 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Phenology of Melanaspis inopinata on pistachio trees in Greece. AU: Katsoyannos-P; Stathas-GJ SO: Phytoparasitica. 1997, 25: 4, 331-332; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Observations on the phenology of Melanaspis inopinata, which is viviparous, were carried out at Avlon, Attica, in central Greece, during 1990-92. M. inopinata developed one annual generation on pistachio. Females overwintered as infertile adults. Reproductive activity began in late April or the first half of May. The first adult males appeared in late June or early July. Melanization of the body of immature females was first observed in early September and all females were melanized by early November. Ovulation was first observed in mid- or late March. An average of 79 ± 16 eggs/female was found in dissections at a late stage of ovulation prior to the onset of viviparous activity. PT: Journal-article AN: 981103598 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 471 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Oil composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) from Turkey. AU: Yildiz-M; Gurcan-ST; Ozdemir-M SO: Fett-Lipid. 1998, 100: 3, 84-86; 18 ref. LA: English LS: German AB: The oil content, fatty acid and sterol compositions and other parameters of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) samples, corresponding to 5 different varieties cultivated in Turkey, were determined. Mean values were 59.69±1.80% for fat content, 0.9143±0.006 for specific gravity of the oil, 1.4693±0.004 for refractive index, 94.23±1.510 for I value and 188.2±3.80 for saponification value. Fatty acids identified in the oil samples were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids with oleic acid being the dominant fatty acid (68.78±2.05%). Halebi variety had the highest concentration of oleic acid among the varieties studied. The sterols isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction were campesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and DELTA5-avenasterol with beta-sitosterol being the major constituent (84.95±2.80%). Higher concentrations of beta-sitosterol were found in Kirmuzi variety. Fat content, I value, palmitic acid and oleic acid content differed significantly between varieties. PT: Journal-article AN: 981410203 Record 472 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of pistachio varieties adapted to the northern Mediterranean region. OT: Selection de varietes de pistachier adaptees a l'aire nord mediterraneenne. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-MA; Monastra-F; Gaspar-AM; Rouskas-D SO: Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-B,-Etudes-et-Recherches. 1997, No. 16, 93-119; 26 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: Data are tabulated on agronomic characteristics of 66 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars (39 female and 27 male) from 11 countries evaluated during 1991-95 in Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy. Important agronomic and commercial traits studied included: flowering time, vigour, juvenile phase, productivity and nut quality (weight, shelling percentage, shell dehiscence, size and shape). Large differences between cultivars were observed for all the characteristics studied. Female cultivars Mateur, Larnaka and Aegina, and pollinators B, C, M502 and Peters were noted as having good potential for further utilization in European breeding programmes. PT: Journal-article AN: 981604403 Record 473 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae) germplasm based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. AU: Hormaza-JI; Pinney-K; Polito-VS SO: Economic-Botany. 1998, 52: 1, 78-87; 19 ref. LA: English LS: Spanish AB: RAPD markers were used to examine patterns of relatedness among 29 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars and accessions. These included 13 cultivars previously described, and an additional 16 items from the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Davis comprising cultivars and landraces and materials from wild P. vera stands in or near the putative centre of origin for pistachio in south-central Asia. The results show high levels of polymorphism in the species emphasizing the importance of preservation of the remaining wild stands of P. vera. Analyses support the concept that cultivars in use west of the Zagros-Caucasus ranges are likely to originate from a limited germplasm base. The newly examined cultivated material shows greater generic diversity, consistent with the hypothesis that pistachio cultivation originated in or near south-central Asia. Results also indicate that for at least two cases, material identified differently in two collections are the same clones, thus illustrating the value of molecular marker techniques in describing and maintaining germplasm collections for clonally propagated species. PT: Journal-article AN: 981607309 Record 474 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using gray-level histogram. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Wulfsohn-D; Irudayaraj-J SO: Canadian-Agricultural-Engineering. 1998, 40: 1, 61-66; 21 ref. LA: English LS: French AB: A machine vision system was used to classify unshelled pistachio nuts based on United States Department of Agriculture grades. The gray-level histogram data obtained from the gray scale image of the nuts were analysed to select a set of suitable recognition features. Based on the analyses, the mean of the gray-level histogram over 50-60 gray-level range and the area of each nut (the integral of its gray-level histogram) were selected as the recognition features. The selected features were used as input to 3 classification schemes: a Gaussian, a decision tree, and a multi-layer neural network (MLNN). The 3 classifiers had similar recognition rates. However, the MLNN classifier resulted in slightly higher performance with more uniform classification accuracy than the other two classifiers. PT: Journal-article AN: 982401782 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 475 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Seasonal changes in total nonstructural carbohydrates within branches and roots of naturally "off" and "on" 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 6, 856-862; 52 ref. LA: English AB: The dynamics of carbohydrate use, as revealed by soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves, inflorescence buds, rachises, nuts, current and 1-year-old wood, and primary and tertiary scaffold branches and roots (_10 mm diameter), were investigated in alternate-bearing pistachio cv. Kerman trees that were in their natural bearing cycles, in California, USA, during 1991-92. Two hypotheses were tested. Firstly, that carbohydrate concentration is greater early in the growing season in organs from heavily cropping ("on") than from light cropping ("off") trees. This was confirmed by comparing the above criteria in "on" and "off" trees. Secondly, the hypothesis that carbohydrate concentration remains high in "on" tree organs as the first inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurs early in the growing season, was tested and confirmed. Soluble sugars and starch remained high in "on" trees throughout full bloom (FB + 60 days) as inflorescence bud and nut abscission occurred. In the persisting "on" tree inflorescence buds, sharp decreases in soluble sugars and starch occurred by the final sample date when "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 13 times more soluble sugars and starch than "on" tree buds. At that time, "off" tree inflorescence buds contained 50% more dry mass than "on" tree inflorescence buds. As nut growth occurred, soluble sugars and starch decreased in "on" trees after FB + 60 in all organs. During the same time period, organs of "off" trees began to accumulate greater concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and exceeded concentrations measured in organs of "on" trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 980300447 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 476 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: An improved method for embling production in pistachio, Pistacia vera L. using somatic embryos matured in a liquid medium. AU: Onay-A; Firat-MZ; Namli-O SO: Turkish-Journal-of-Biology. 1997, 21: 2, 159-174; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Benzyladenine (BA), racemic (±) abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose were tested for their ability to affect the maturation, germination and embling development of pistachio somatic embryos. The number of matured somatic embryos was influenced by concentrations of BA, ABA and sucrose in the liquid maturation medium. The maturation of somatic embryos was best in liquid MS media with low concentrations (0.5 mg/litre) of ABA or BA and 2 or 4% sucrose, or in media with no plant growth regulators and 6% sucrose. The duration of the maturation treatment, the duration of the culture for germination and embling development, and the concentrations of ABA and BA during germination and embling development had significant effects on maturation. Germination probabilities varied from 0.59 to 0.33 and 0.50 to 0.26 with BA and ABA, respectively. The frequency of germination was highest (0.62) with the plant-growth regulator-free control treatment and lowest (0.26) with 2 mg ABA/litre. Under the same germination conditions, embling development probabilities varied from 0.45 to 0.27 and 0.24 to 0.13 with BA and ABA, respectively. The frequency of developed emblings was highest (0.52) in the control treatments and lowest (0.13) with 2 mg ABA/litre. PT: Journal-article AN: 980301475 Record 477 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Fusarium semitectum on pistachio nut: pathogenic and morphological characteristics. OT: Fusarium semitectum su pistacchio: caratteri patogenetici e morfologici. AU: Nalli-R; Balmas-V SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1997, 47: 7-8, 16-18; 14 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: F. semitectum [F. pallidoroseum] is reported for the first time as the causal agent of canker and wilt of pistachio. The pathogenicity of a monosporic isolate of the fungus was confirmed by artificial inoculation. A morphological study of the fungus was carried out in vitro. PT: Journal-article AN: 981002958 Record 478 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effect of pistachio culls [hulls], added into diets, on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients in sheep. OT: Besi rasyonlarina katilan antepfistigi artiklarinin ruminal fermentasyon ve ham besin maddelerinin sindirilme derecesine etkisi. AU: Sahin-K; Cerci-IH; Guler-T SO: Veteriner-Bilimleri-Dergisi. 1996, 12: 1, 103-108; 20 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: A total of 6 young sheep were fed on diets with an 80:20% ratio of concentrate to roughage. Roughage was 100% hay (control), 70% hay and 30% pistachio (Pistacia vera) culls [hulls] or 50% hay and 50% pistachio hulls. There were no significant differences between groups in pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen fluid taken 1 and 4 h after feeding. Nutrient digestibility was similar for all groups. PT: Journal-article AN: 981400933 Record 479 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using Fourier descriptors. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A; Romaniuk-M SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-Engineering-Research. 1997, 68: 3, 247-252; 21 ref. LA: English AB: Silhouette (2-dimensional) images of individual nuts were captured using the developed machine vision system and Fourier descriptors (shape recognition features) were used to grade pistachio nuts into four sets (unsplit and USDA grades: extra large, large, and medium). The feature selection procedure applied to the first 15 Fourier descriptors indicated that 7 harmonics were sufficient to separate split nuts from unsplit nuts. Of the 7 selected Fourier descriptors, 5 were from the higher order harmonics containing microscopic information more suitable for separating unsplit from split nuts. An average classification accuracy of 87.1% was obtained for the 4 grades and a decision-tree classifier. Multilayer neural network analysis was able to successfully classify 94.8% from the same input parameters, indicating the superiority of the technique. PT: Journal-article AN: 982400587 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0021-8634%28000000%2968%3A3%3C247%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 480 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Macronutrient allocation to leaves and fruit of mature, alternate-bearing pistachio trees: magnitude and seasonal patterns at the whole-canopy level. AU: Picchioni-GA; Brown-PH; Weinbaum-SA; Muraoka-TT SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 2, 267-274; 49 ref. LA: English AB: Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in 6 (3 heavily cropping, on-year and 3 non-cropping, off-year) mature pistachio cv. Kerman trees in California, USA, over 3 growing seasons during 3 stages of phenology (the spring growth flush (April-June); seed fill (late June-September); and leaf senescence (September-November)). Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruits), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruits, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruits) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year than off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by net decreases in the N and P contents of the pericarp, equivalent to 32 and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P and K during the spring flush of "on" years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P and K contents per tree. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following "off" years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. In contrast, net leaf resorption of Ca and Mg was greater in on-year than off-year trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 970309085 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 481 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The Heteroptera of the pistachio. OT: Gli Eterotteria del pistacchio. AU: Liotta-G; Emma-E SO: Phytophaga-Palermo. 1995, 6: 143-161; 45 ref. LA: Italian LS: English PT: Journal-article AN: 971109555 Record 482 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: Janis-W; Mohn-I SO: World-Horticultural-Trade-and-US-Export-Opportunities. 1997, No. 10, 20-22. LA: English AB: US pistachio production in 1997/98 is forecast at a record 80 300 metric tons. US pistachio exports (in-shell equivalent) in 1997/98 are also forecast at a record 55 000 tons, 39% about the previous year's shipments. A possible sharp decrease in the Iranian pistachio harvest and likely reduced Iranian exports, combined with the current European Union ban on pistachio imports from Iran, should increase US export opportunities. Major US export markets include Hong Kong and the European Union. Production and export forecasts are given for Greece, Italy, Syria and Turkey. PT: Journal-article AN: 971811234 Record 483 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Grading pistachio nuts using a neural network approach. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 6, 2319-2324; ASAE Paper No. 94-6579; 17 ref. LA: English AB: A multi-structure neural network (MSNN) classifier was proposed and applied to classify pistachio nuts into 4 classes based on cultivars (Kaleghochi, Akbari, Ohadi and unsplit Ohadi). The MSNN classifier consisted of 4 parallel discriminators (one per class), followed by a maximum selector. Each discriminator was a feed-forward neural network with 2 hidden layers and a single-neuron output layer. The discriminators were individually trained using physical attributes of nuts, extracted from their images as input. The performance of MSNN classifier was compared with that of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLNN) classifier. The classification accuracy of the MSNN classifier averaged 95.9% (range 93.3-97.3% for the classes), compared with 87.0 (81.3-92.0)% for the MLNN. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401963 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 484 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Processing pistachio grading samples. AU: Rumsey-TR; Thompson-JF; Knutson-JD SO: ASAE Annual International Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 10-14 August, 1997. Paper -American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers. 1997, No. 976047, 18 pp.; 9 ref. PB: American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); St Joseph; USA LA: English AB: Field tests were conducted to determine the effect of sample hullers and driers on sample grade. Laboratory tests were performed to find the accuracy and repeatability of 3 moisture meters for unshelled pistachios. Operation of the sample huller can influence sample grade, especially over short periods. The amount of adhering hull decreases with increasing hulling times. If samples are held too long in the huller, weight loss may occur due to mechanical damage. Samples held for 180 seconds weighed less than those held for 60 s due to a combination of hull loss and grinding of the whole nuts. Variation of air flow rate for the drier does not affect sample grade. Similar results were found for air temperature in pistachio nut driers. Moisture meter repeatability was similar for all 3 meters tested. Because of the variability between readings for the same sample, it is recommended that sample moistures be calculated as the average of at least 3 consecutive readings. The Aqua Measure and Steinlite displayed a similar degree of accuracy when calibrated with the same standard oven method (forced air oven for 72 hours at 212°F (115°C)). The Dickey-John tended to read higher than the oven method, and this should be corrected by recalibration. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 972402617 Record 485 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Management of pistachio nut rust under dry temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh. AU: Bhardwaj-LN SO: Plant-Disease-Research. 1996, 11: 2, 184-185; 6 ref. LA: English AB: All the 7 fungicides tested in field trials were effective against Pileolaria terebinthi on pistachio. Mancozeb at 0.25% and triadimefon at 0.05% are recommended for control of the fungus under dry temperate conditions. Captafol at 0.25% was the least effective. PT: Journal-article AN: 971005435 Record 486 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Maintaining quality of bulk-handled, unhulled pistachio nuts. AU: Thompson-JF; Rumsey-TR; Spinoglio-M SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 1997, 13: 1, 65-70; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Growers and processors are concerned that the unhulled nuts may heat more in the increasingly large bulks that they are transported in, thus staining and losing value. Laboratory studies revealed that staining of pistachio nut shells increases with increasing temperature and increasing holding times. Unhulled pistachio nuts varied in their susceptibility to staining. Some nuts can be held for more than 32 h at 40°C without increases in shell staining, others are damaged after only 16 h. Unhulled pistachio nuts were shipped to the processor in solid-sided bulk trailers with no average increase in shell staining. Nuts can cool in highway transport, particularly if they are shipped in pallet bins, mesh-sided trailers, or solid sided trailers with vent pipes. Highway transport can be a method of cooling nuts if processing equipment breakdowns cause hulling delays. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401634 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir 487 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Classification of pistachio nuts using a string matching technique. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 3, 1197-1202; 25 ref. LA: English AB: A modified cyclic string matching algorithm was developed and applied to classify 4 classes of pistachio nuts, based on their 2-dimensional shapes. With this technique, a pistachio nut was represented by a string consisting of N equally spaced (angularly) radii extending from the centre of the image to its edge. An algorithm was also developed for determining a prototype for each class. The recognition algorithm, based on a string matching technique, calculated the cumulative distance between an unknown and a class prototype. The class of the unknown was determined by the minimum-distance classification rule. The developed algorithm gave an overall accuracy of 90%. This procedure could be extended to classify other agricultural materials. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401681 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 488 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision detection of early split pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1996, 39: 3, 1203-1207; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Computer vision was used to detect early split lesions on the hull of pistachio nuts. Gray scale intensity profiles were computed across the width of the nut (perpendicular to the suture along the longitudinal axis). If the profile crossed an early split lesion, a deep and narrow valley on the profile at the early split location was observed. Profiles were computed every 0.5 mm along the longitudinal axis of the nut and the number of adjacent profiles with deep and narrow valleys was recorded. Early split nuts contained a significantly higher count of these adjacent profiles than normal nuts. Combining unhulled nut cross-sectional area with the adjacent profile data, 100% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts were correctly classified out of a total of 180 nuts tested. Two devices were developed to convey and orient unhulled pistachio nuts for presentation to a computer vision system. One device, which operated similarly to an "air hockey" table, correctly oriented 98% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts. The other device, which used vibration to convey and orient the nut in a "V" trough, correctly oriented 97% of the early split nuts and 98% of the normal nuts. A total sample size of 270 nuts was used to test each orientation device. PT: Journal-article AN: 972401682 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 489 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Nitrogen reallocation during female bud abscission in alternate bearing of pistachio. AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Advances-in-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 10: 4, 219-225; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Alternate bearing in the pistachio occurs by abscission of female inflorescences (next year's crop) on shoots bearing the current year's heavy crop. Studies at Davis, California, on pistachio cv. Kerman showed that reallocation of nitrogenous compounds from abscising buds to developing kernels is dependent initially on the availability of N from the rootstock, and starts with the rapid growth of the kernel as a major sink for soluble N. Nitrogen trafficking patterns for abscission over the 5-6 weeks explain how nutrient supply, rich in proline and asparagine N, interacts with environmental conditions and plant growth regulators to predispose plants to alternate bearing. PT: Journal-article AN: 970302985 Record 490 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Leaf development, dry matter accumulation, and distribution within branches of alternate-bearing 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Nzima-MDS; Martin-GC; Nishijima-C SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 122: 1, 31-37; 48 ref. LA: English AB: The development of leaf area (LA) and the distribution of dry matter within branches of 25-year-old, alternate-bearing Kerman pistachio trees that were in their natural "on" (heavy) or "off" (light) bearing cycles were investigated between 1990 and 1992 at an experimental orchard in California to determine the immediate and delayed effects of fruiting on shoot growth. Compared with those of "off" trees, leaves of "on" trees were greater in number and expanded twice as fast during the first 30 days after full bloom (FB + 30). Mature, fully expanded leaves of "on" trees were smaller (124.1±3.26 cm2) than those from "off" trees (163.3±3.40 cm2), indicating delayed demands of fruiting on initial leaf growth. Total LA per current shoot was greater in "on" than "off" trees because shoots of "on" trees averaged 8 leaves, compared with 6 for "off" trees. More inflorescence buds per shoot (7 vs. 3) abscised from "on" than "off" trees. About 60% of young developing nuts had abscised by FB + 30, when they weighed <250 mg each, and another 25% abscised between FB + 30 and FB + 60, when individual nuts weighed _400 mg. The average total dry mass (DM) of individual branches of "on" trees increased 1322% (from 5.9 to 83.9 g) compared with 598% (from 4.2 to 29.3 g) in "off" trees. Besides nuts, leaves accumulated the greatest amount of dry matter within individual branches followed in decreasing order by current wood, 1-year-old wood and inflorescence buds. DMs of individual leaves of "on" trees were on average 15-48% greater than leaves of "off" trees. "Off" trees invested 4.6 g of dry matter into 1-year-old wood and 2.1 g into current wood, compared with 1.3 and 4.3 g, respectively in "on" trees. One-year-old wood was an important major source of carbohydrates for developing leaves, current wood, rachises and nuts. The immediate demands of fruiting on individual branch components were measured as DM losses. Individual leaves, current wood, 1-year wood and rachises lost 1.1, 0.3, 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively, of the average total DM of individual branches of "on" trees. This loss was equivalent to 5.7, 5.9, 26.7 and 16.4%, respectively, of the seasonal average peak DMs of the respective individual branch components. PT: Journal-article AN: 970303362 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 491 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Diseases of pistachio in California and their significance. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Doster-MA; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 337-343; 15 ref. LA: English AB: A list of major and minor fungal diseases of pistachio (Pistacia vera) reported in California, USA, is presented. There are 4 major diseases: Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae; Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by B. cinerea; Alternaria late blight caused by A. alternata; and Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by B. dothidea. Minor diseases recorded include Armillaria root rot (or shoestring root rot) caused by A. mellea; Schizophyllum wood decay caused by S. commune; Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by S. sclerotiorum; Phomopsis shoot blight caused by a Phomopsis sp.; powdery mildew caused by an unidentified species of powdery mildew fungus; and Septoria leaf and fruit spot caused by S. pistaciae in California or S. pistaciarum in Arizona. Pistachio fruits are affected by stigmatomycosis caused by 2 yeasts Nematospora coryli or Aureobasidium pullulans which are transmitted by large hemipteran pests such as stinkbugs (Thyanta pallidovirens, Chlorochroa uhleri and C. ligata) and a leaffooted bug (Leptoglossus clypealis) and Aspergillus blights caused by Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp. Occasionally, A. flavus and/or A. parasiticus can infect pistachio and produce aflatoxin. Recent research and methods for controlling some of these diseases are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002671 Record 492 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio diseases in Greece. AU: Chitzanidis-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 345-348; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The commercial cultivation of pistachios in Greece was started on a small scale in Attica and the island of Aegina at the end of the last century. In the last 50 years, cultivation has greatly expanded and statistical data from the Ministry of Agriculture show that the pistachio industry presently comprises 4500 ha, with orchards from Crete in the south to Chalkidiki in the north of the country. Several diseases have been identified on this crop, some of which cause considerable damage. The data presented in this paper were obtained from diagnostic work carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute over a period of >50 years. The large number of samples examined over this rather long period compensates for the lack of a typical survey. As the study indicates, the relative importance of diseases has changed during this period, mainly because of new knowledge about the causal agents of pistachio diseases, new farming practices and also the cultivation of pistachios in new areas with different environmental conditions resulting in changes in the epidemiology of the different diseases. The diseases that have been observed are discussed in the remainder of this report. These include root rots, Phytophthora foot rot, Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae, Eutypa dieback caused by E. lata, wood decay, Septoria leaf spots caused by Mycosphaerella pistacina and M. pistaciarum, rust caused by Pileolaria terebinthi, Camarosporium blight caused by C. pistaciae, stigmatomycosis caused by Nematospora coryli and potassium deficiency and salt toxicity. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002672 Record 493 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Identification of Phytophthora species associated with pistachio gummosis in southern Iran. AU: Banihashemi-Z; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 349-352; 21 ref. LA: English AB: In recent years pistachio production has greatly increased in Iran and extended from Kerman province to neighbouring provinces of Yazd and Fars. Due to high salt tolerance of pistachio trees, land not suitable for other crops has been used for pistachio production. Among fungal pathogens, Phytophthora spp. are the limiting factors under high salt conditions. Attempts were made to isolate Phytophthora species from infected root and crown tissues. A citrus leaf baiting technique combined with antibiotic medium was used for soil assay. Although P. citrophthora was assumed to be the predominant species in most pistachio growing regions, P. drechsleri was also present in different areas in Kerman province. Other Phytophthora species like P. cryptogea and P. nicotianae were occasionally isolated. The latter species was isolated only from soil. All Phytophthora species were pathogenic on pistachio seedlings. P. citrophthora was more aggressive than other species on different pistachio cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002673 Record 494 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Susceptibility of pistachio rootstocks to Verticillium dahliae and Armillaria mellea - a progress report. AU: Teviotdale-BL; Epstein-L; Ferguson-L; Reil-W; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 353-357; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio rootstocks were evaluated for susceptibility to V. dahliae and A. mellea each in separate field experiments. Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima, P. integerrima X P. atlantica, P. atlantica X P.integerrima, nursery-budded with P. vera 'Kerman', were planted in 1992 in a field infested with V. dahliae. The microsclerotia level in the field was increased prior to planting by discing in V. dahliae- infected tomato plants. In the autumn of 1992, there were c. 25 microsclerotia/g dry soil in three quarters of the trial and 13 microsclerotia in the fourth-quarter. During the first 2 growing seasons, 2 trees on P. atlantica and 1 each on P. integerrima and P. integerrima X P. atlantica died. Verticillium wilt symptoms were present in 25% of trees on P. integerrima X P. atlantica, 3% of trees on P. atlantica and 2% of trees on both P. integerrima and P. atlantica X P. integerrima. Susceptibility to A. mellea was examined by planting P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. integerrima and P. integerrima X P. atlantica trees in orchard sites naturally infested with the pathogen. After 3 years, all P. terebinthus trees were healthy whereas 33 to 44% of the other 3 rootstock trees had succumbed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002674 Record 495 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The development of early split pistachio nuts and their contamination by molds, aflatoxins, and insects. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 359-364; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Early splits (ES) are abnormal pistachio nuts that have both the hull and shell split exposing the kernel to invasion by insects and moulds (including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that produce aflatoxins). Five commercial orchards had detectable levels of aflatoxins in ES before harvest. It is important that contaminated nuts are removed during processing. ES with shrivelled hulls had more than twice the naval orangeworm (NOW) infestation, more than twice the mould and more than 99% of the aflatoxins compared with ES with smooth hulls. The shrivelled hull is a characteristic that allows the identification of pistachio nuts most likely to have aflatoxins and could be used to remove these contaminated nuts. NOW-infested kernels accounted for 84% of the aflatoxin in pistachio nuts. Reduction of NOW by growers should reduce aflatoxin levels in harvested nuts. ES formed over a period several weeks prior to harvest. The earlier the ES formed the more mould and NOW present in the kernel. Early formed ES are very distinct from normal nuts by weight, size, shell discoloration and hull shrivelling. Any of these characteristics could be used during processing to remove nuts with mouldy and NOW-infested kernels. Missing 1 irrigation in mid May (period of shell formation) substantially increased the % ES observed at harvest but did not affect normal shell splitting. It is suggested that growers take extra care that sufficient irrigation is applied in late spring to reduce the numbers of ES at harvest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971002675 Record 496 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Carob moth, a pest of pistachio nut in Iran. AU: Mehrnejad-MR; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 365-372; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, is a well known pest of pomegranate in Iran. In surveys in 1989-91, it was found in most pistachio plantation areas of Kerman and Yazd provinces. The pest moved from alternative hosts, mainly pomegranate, onto pistachio and was observed infesting pistachio nuts from late July, when the hulls first crack, and infestation increased in the period to harvest. Maximum activity was found to be during September and October in Rafsanian. Larvae can continue to consume the product after harvest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103602 Record 497 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Biological observations and chemical control of pistachio twig borer, Kermania pistaciella Ams. (Lep. Dinophilidae), injurious in pistachio orchards in Turkey. AU: Mart-C; Yigit-A; Celik-MY; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Machailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 373-378; 4 ref. LA: English AB: In studies conducted on chemical control of the pistachio twig borer Kermania pistaciella in Gaziantep province, Turkey, in 1989 and 1992, it was concluded that insecticide applications should be made one week after the first adult emergence with a second application 10-15 days later, depending on the residual effects of the products. Monocrotophos, azinphos-methyl and carbaryl were recommended for use against the pest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103603 Record 498 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Species and pest control methods used in pistachio orchards of Turkey. AU: Mart-C; Erkilic-L; Uygun-N; Altin-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Machailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 379-385; 9 ref. LA: English AB: A brief overview of the insect pest and disease control problems on pistachio in Turkey is presented. Among 40 injurious pests that have been identified, 12 are described as reaching economically injurious levels. The use and integration of chemical, mechanical, cultural and biological control methods are discussed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 971103604 Record 499 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Allergy to pistachio: crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae. AU: Fernandez-C; Fiandor-A; Martinez-Garate-A; Martinez-Quesada-J SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy. 1995, 25: 12, 1254-1259; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Two patients (boys, 3 and 6 years old) with allergy to pistachio nut (Pistacia vera, a member of the Anacardiaceae family) were studied in Guadalajara, Spain. Presence of specific IgE for pistachio and cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) and for mango seed and pulp (Mangifera indica) was ascertained by skin tests and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST). The allergenic profile of pistachio and cashew was analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Cross-reactivity between pistachio and the other Anacardiaceae was studied by RAST inhibition. Skin tests were positive for pistachio and cashew in both children and for mango seed in one child. RAST was positive for pistachio and cashew in both patients. On immunoblotting, serum from both patients recognized several pistachio and cashew allergens with a molecular weight ranging from <14.2-70 kDa. RAST inhibition demonstrated common antigenic determinants between pistachio and cashew nut. Crossreactivity was also found between pistachio nut and mango seed but not with mango pulp. It was concluded that pistachio nut contains several protein allergens able to trigger type I hypersensitivity reactions. These allergens can also be found in cashew nut and mango seed but not in mango pulp. PT: Journal-article AN: 971404716 *LHM: The JCR rank of this journal in Allergy is 2 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Allergy is 2 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Immunology is 30 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Immunology is 30 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 500 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Possibility of development in pistachio growing in southern Italy: technical and production methods. OT: Possibilita di sviluppo della pistacchicoltura nel Mezzogiorno: indirizzi tecnici e produttivi. AU: Caruso-T; Motisi-A SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 1, 9-17; 30 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: An assessment of the prospects for the development of pistachio growing in southern Italy is presented. The current status of the sector in Italy is discussed in relation to recent global growth in production and markets, and the particular buoyancy of the market for the green-kernel pistachio which is grown in Italy. Crop growth requirements are described, and the performance of different cultivars and rootstocks are discussed. Recent advances in propagation techniques are described, and the production system for planting material is outlined. Planting systems and pruning techniques are described, together with irrigation and fertilizer regimes. Harvesting, processing and conserving practices are outlined. It is concluded that there is room for expansion in the sector in Italy, and in view of the adaptability of pistachio it is argued to be a particularly suitable crop for farmers with marginal land under salt or alkali stress. PT: Journal-article AN: 971802471 Record 501 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso-T; Inglese-P; Motisi-A; Sottile-F SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 71: 6, 919-924; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Growth and seasonal variation in mineral content was investigated for infructescence components of Bianca pistachios grafted onto P. therebintus [P. terebinthus]. The absorption curve specific to each infructescence and fruit component was calculated on a percentage dry weight and absolute content basis. Nutrient uptake by infructescence components was consistent with their developmental rate. The embryo was the strongest sink for N, P and Mg uptake. Pericarp and rachis accounted for >80% of the K and Ca accumulated in the infructescence. The highest accumulation rate occurred during rapid embryo growth. PT: Journal-article AN: 970300055 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 502 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Proteins associated with reproductive male bud development in pistachio. AU: Golan-Goldhirsh-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 21-27; 5 pl.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Electrophoretic analysis of proteins isolated from buds during microsporogenesis identified a bud polypeptide of 32 kDa. It was not found in vegetative buds or leaves. It was a major bud protein which was degraded during microsporogenesis, its concentration declining significantly at the tetrad stage. Anatomical studies were also carried out at the same developmental stages. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300263 Record 503 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Vegetative growth and inflorescence bud abscission in bearing and non-bearing pistachio trees. AU: Barone-E; Caruso-T; Marra-FP; Motisi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 29-35; 11 ref. LA: English AB: The growth pattern of shoots, leaves and inflorescence buds was monitored on trees of the cultivar Bianca in a bearing year. Half of the trees were deblossomed 20 days before full flowering, the remaining trees being used as the controls. The results suggested that in bearing trees, fruit development polarized the major part of the available photosynthate and that it may also mobilize reserves. However, in non-bearing trees the absence of fruits allowed more carbohydrate availability for the growth of other parts (shoot, inflorescence buds, leaves), and for storage. However total DM of bearing shoots was more than twice that of non-bearing trees. The possible cause of this is discussed in relation to alternate bearing. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300264 Record 504 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The morphology of pollen grains as an indicator for identification of male pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. AU: Davarynejad-GH; Rashed-MH; Vatanpoor-A; Csillag-F; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 37-42; 16 fig.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The morphology of the pollen grains from 14 male cultivars was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The general shape of all pollen grains was circular to elliptical with a 20-24 µm diameter. The pollen was polypantaporate and intectate. Different exine features were found on pollen from different cultivars, and on this characteristic pollen type was classed into 3 groups. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300265 Record 505 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Anatomical studies on misshapen pistachio nuts. AU: Fabbri-A; Dollo-L; Ferguson-L; Polito-VS; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 73-76; 4 ref.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Deformed nuts, called curly or C nuts, have been recorded in several Californian orchards. Histological modifications resulting in the development of curly nuts were determined. Tissue degeneration in pistachio fruit pericarp could start within 2 weeks of flowering. The parenchyma of the endocarp was most affected by necrosis causing shrinkage, and fracturing. At worst, only the mesocarp (hull) remained functional, providing only a thin protection for the embryo, as the shell was absent in the affected areas. The localized curling of the nuts occurred when either the degeneration was not simultaneous, or only part of the endocarp was affected. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300271 Record 506 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determining the chilling requirements and growing degree hours of some pistachio nut cultivars and regions. AU: Kuden-AB; Kaska-N; Tanriver-E; Ak-BE; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 85-90; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The chilling requirements and growing degree hour (GDH) requirements of 2 male cultivars (male-1 and male-2), 1 Iranian female cultivar (Ohadi) and 4 Turkish female cultivars (Uzun, Halebi, Siirt and Kirmizi) were determined. Male-1 trees had the lowest chilling requirement, needing 550 chill units (500 h below 7°C). Of the female cultivars, Uzun had the lowest chilling requirement (550 chill units; 600 h below 7°) while Ohadi had the highest (900 chill units; 1050 h below 7°). Ohadi also had the highest GDH requirement (11 500 GDH). Kirmizi had the lowest GDH requirement (10700 GDH). Values for the amount of chilling and GDH were determined for the 3 main pistachio growing areas in Turkey; all areas were satisfactory for the tested cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300273 Record 507 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Observations on pistachio photosynthetic activity in southern Italy. AU: Novello-V; Palma-L-de; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 97-102; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The photosynthetic activities of young, non-bearing pistachio (cv. Bianca) trees, grown in the Apulia region, were measured using an infrared gas analyser. There were no differences in activity along the shoot except at the last node. No differences were observed with leaf surface except for a slight increase in water use efficiency observed on lower leaf surfaces. In mature trees, no differences were observed between bearing and non-bearing shoots except for the quantum yield which was lower in the middle part of the bearing shoots. In irrigated trees, water use efficiency appeared to be related to photosynthesis rather than vapour exchange. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300275 Record 508 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Growth analysis and mineral content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) infructescence and its components. AU: Caruso-T; Sottile-F; Inglese-P; Motisi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 103-108; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Growth and seasonal variation in mineral content of the infructescence components of the cultivar Bianca, grafted onto P. therebinus [P. terebinthus], was investigated in Sicily. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg absorption curves for fruits and fruit components (pericarp, embryo and rachis) were consistent with their development rates. The embryo was the strongest sink for N, P and Mg. The pericarp and rachis accounted for >80% of K and Ca accumulated in fruits. Accumulation was highest during rapid embryo growth. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300276 Record 509 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effects of GA3 on the contents of ABA of pistachio seeds during stratification. AU: Ozguven-AI; Nikpeyma-Y; Ak-BE; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 109-114; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Seeds of the cultivar Kirmizi were soaked in GA3 at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 500 ppm for 12, 24 or 48 h. Seeds were then stratified for 12, 24 or 36 days. The concentration of ABA-like substances was high when seeds were soaked for 12 h but decreased with time of stratification. Soaking for 36 h had similar results but the concentration of ABA-like compounds decreased after 36 days of stratification. GA3 application reduced the inhibiting effects of ABA, particularly at 500 ppm. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300277 Record 510 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The effect of GA3 applications on pistachio nut seed germination and seedling growth. AU: Ak-BE; Ozguven-AI; Nikpeyma-Y; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 115-120; 24 ref. LA: English AB: The effect of GA3 (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 24 or 48 h) on the germination of pistachio (cv. Siirt) seeds was investigated. The best germination (73.33%) was observed following treatment with GA3 at 125 ppm for 48 h. Maximum seedling height and internode length were also observed following treatment with GA3 at 1000 ppm. The healthiest plants were obtained from the 250 and 500 ppm GA3 treatments. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300278 Record 511 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Artificial pollination of pistachio trees under unsufficient pollination conditions. AU: Kuru-C; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 121-123. LA: English AB: Methods for the artificial pollination of pistachios (cv. Urfa) in Turkish orchards using pollen obtained from a pistachio hybrid were investigated. Pollen (1 or 4%) was mixed with corn starch, rice flour, or hard or soft flours; the best mixtures were 1% pollen mixed with durum wheat or soft wheat flours. There was no significant difference between pollination using a motorized duster or a cotton bag as long as the pollen mixture in the bag was added separately for each tree treated. The best time for artificial pollination was when female trees were between 1 and 40% in full flower. No significant differences in fruit set were observed between natural and artificial pollination. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300279 Record 512 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. AU: Kaska-N; Kuden-AB; Ferguson-L; Michailides-T SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 425 pp.; ref. at ends of papers. LA: English AB: This volume comprises 71 papers which were presented at the first international symposium on pistachios. Papers were presented under the following categories: Physiology, biology, pollination and fruit set (25 papers); Propagation and orchard management (18); Cultivars, rootstocks and breeding (13); Pests and diseases (8); and Harvesting, post harvest treatments, processing and economics (7). PT: Conference-proceedings IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300292 Record 513 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Shell dehiscence improvement and weight increase in 'Aegina' pistachio nuts with carbohydrate applications. AU: Zakinthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 143-148; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Trees (21-years-old, growing in an orchard in Greece) were sprayed with a mixture of carbohydrates (3% sucrose + 2% glucose + 1% raffinose + 1% inositol [myo-inositol] + 0.5% cuproneb, a fungicide) 3 times in July or once each in June, July and August. The monthly sprays gave the best results producing a higher percentage of shell dehiscence (85-95%) compared with untreated trees (75-85%) and an increase in nut DW of 8-10%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300899 Record 514 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Mastic secretion canals and the changes of mastic level in pistachio (P. vera L.). AU: Okay-Y; Ayfer-M; Koksal-AI; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 149-154; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The success of budding pistachios can be reduced by mastic resin secretions [gummosis?] on the cut surface of rootstocks. The amount of mastic secreted by budded pistachios (cv. Siirt) on Pistacia vera rootstocks (growing in the field in Gaziantep) was determined using the soxhlet extraction method. The position of the mastic secretion canals, determined using safranin/fast green staining, was in phloem tissue. The amount of mastic secreted increased with age and thickness of the seedlings and exhibited seasonal variation. Secretion increased in March, was low between May and August, increased again in September, then declined during the winter. There was no correlation between the amount of secretion and budding success but it was suggested that budding should be done when secretion is at its lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300900 Record 515 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Physiological differences of some pistachio varieties during different vegetation periods. AU: Idem-G; Gezerel-O; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 155-160; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Trees of the cultivar Uzun budded onto rootstocks Pistacia vera or P. khinjuk, grown in 2 orchards in Sanliurfa, were used in the study. The effects of rootstock, biennial bearing, sex and time of sampling on the leaf mineral content was investigated. N and P content declined during the growing season while that of K, Ca and Mg increased. Fe and Zn contents were highest in the spring. P. khinjuk absorbed all minerals; Zn and Fe were absorbed better than the others. P. khinjuk was considered a better rootstock than P. vera. Biennial bearing affected the content of all minerals except N and K. Male trees had higher P, K and Zn contents; Ca, Mg, N, Fe and Cu contents were higher in female trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300901 Record 516 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio nut growing in Turkey. AU: Kaska-N; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 161-164; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Turkey is one of major pistachio growing countries of the world. In a brief overview several aspects of pistachio production are discussed, with particular reference to rootstocks, cultivars, pollination, breeding, cultivation, irrigation, fertilizers, postharvest practices and marketing. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300902 Record 517 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio production in Iran. AU: Sheibani-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 165-168; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio is one of the most important crops in Iran occupying 210 000 ha. In a brief overview, aspects of pistachio production are presented, with particular emphasis on, cultivars, propagation, pruning, irrigation, nutrition and harvesting. The most important pests and diseases are listed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300903 Record 518 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The activities of ACSAD of pistachio studies in dry lands. AU: Ebrahim-EH; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 175-179; 5 ref. LA: English AB: The organisation ACSAD was set up to help develop the production of fruit trees in dry regions. Summaries of experiments and results carried out in Syria on pistachios are presented. Spraying with Alar [daminozide] (750 ppm) was most effective in reducing growth and promoting flowering. Cultivar trials (Ashoory, Batoory, Olemi, Boudaky and Aein Eltineh) identified Ashoory as the most vigorous, while Batoory was the most precocious and less inclined to biennial bearing. Batoory seedlings made good growth in one season and were suitable for grafting. Spraying with DNOC improved yield because of the increase in the number of filled nuts. A list of ACSAD publications on studies on pistachios is given. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970300905 Record 519 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio production, technology, problems and research project in Syria. AU: Al-Nabelsi-G; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 189-193. LA: English AB: Syria is now the fourth largest producer of pistachios. A brief description of the Syrian pistachio industry is given including figures for yield, the main regions and areas of production and pomological characteristics of the main cultivars. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301072 Record 520 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (P. vera): effects of subculture, growth regulators and explant type. AU: Abousalim-A; Hafdi-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 195-199; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Explants from cotyledons, internodes and roots of in vitro-grown seedlings (cv. Mateur) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 10, 20, 40 or 100 mg/litre. Good callus production was observed from cotyledon explants in the presence of 2,4-D at 10 mg/litre. Callus production was also promoted when the induction medium (containing 2,4-D at 10 mg/litre) was renewed after 4 weeks and again after a further 3 weeks. Two types of callus were observed, nodular and granular, the former being the only callus to produce embryos. The nodular callus was either compact or mucilaginous; the latter had a better embryonic quality and also facilitated suspension cultures more easily. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301073 Record 521 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of the time of budding on the shoot growth of pistachio cv. Bianca. AU: Palma-L-de; Novello-V; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 207-212; 6 ref. LA: English AB: The cultivar Bianca was budded onto rootstocks of Pistacia terebinthus during the first and fourth week of June and the third week of July 1991. At the end of the growing season shoots from buds budded on the last budding date were the smallest. This difference was still evident during the first half of the second growing season but by the end of the second year's growth all differences had disappeared. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301075 Record 522 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Status of pistachio nut cultivation in Syria. AU: Hadj-Hassan-A; Kardouch-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 221-227; 5 ref. LA: English AB: Important characteristics of female pistachio trees (including Pistacia atlantica, P. palaestina and P. lentiscus) grown in Syria are presented. The main characters discussed are, cultivars, length of fruiting shoots, flowering dates, fruit drop, blank and filled nuts, degree of splitting, nut development and ripening period. Important characteristics of the male trees are mentioned. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301077 Record 523 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The ultrastructure of shoot apex of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) grown in vitro with reference to shoot-tip necrosis. AU: Abousalim-A; Mantell-SH; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 233-235; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Light microscopy studies of shoot tip necrosis (STN) showed disorganized cells in the cortex as well as in the pith of shoot tips, leading to the development of a dark coloured area. Transmission electron microscopy of cultured shoot apices (excised from pistachio seedlings) showed that early signs of STN consisted of invagination of the plasmalemma. As necrosis progressed, extreme disintegration of membranes and organelles led to complete cell autolysis. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301079 Record 524 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio trial under different volumes of irrigation in Italy. AU: Monastra-F; Avanzato-D; Martelli-S; Dascanio-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 249-252; 3 ref. LA: English AB: An orchard of the cultivar Lamaka grafted onto P. integerrima received 4 different irrigation regimes, 0, 25, 50 or 75% of calculated evotranspiration. Trunk diameter was strongly correlated with irrigation volume. Irrigation significantly increased vegetative and floral shoot growth and increased the number of inflorescences/tree. However fruit/inflorescence decreased with increasing irrigation levels and this was reflected in the fresh and dried yield/plant which also decreased with increasing volumes of irrigation. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301082 Record 525 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Improvement of pruning techniques for bearing pistachio nut trees. AU: Arpaci-S; Tekin-H; Aksu-O; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 253-257; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Nineteen-year-old trees of the cultivar Uzun, grafted onto Pistacia vera, were used in the study in the region of Gaziantep. The effects of heavy pruning, which involved removal of two thirds vegetative shoots and one third mixed branches, and light pruning, which involved removing one third of all branches, on yield were compared with the traditional method of just cutting out dead branches. The different pruning methods had no significant effect on yield. However, heavy pruning gave the lowest kernel/shell ratio (43.5%), the heaviest 100 nut weight (105.13 g) and the highest split percentage (84.7%). Both experimental pruning techniques gave better shoot growth than the local method. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301083 Record 526 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The improvements of pistachio at Ceylanpinar State farm. AU: Ak-BE; Sermenli-T; Karaca-R; Koc-C; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 281-286; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The establishment and expansion of the cultivation of pistachios on the State farm is described. The yields of different cultivars are given over a 7-year period and the yearly fluctuation in yields is illustrated. The cultivar Kirmizi is strongly biennial while Siirt and Ohadi are much less so. The farms' distribution of budwood and seedling material is given. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301147 Record 527 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Rootstock selection for pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) varieties. AU: Ulusarac-A; Karaca-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 293-298; 5 ref. LA: English AB: In 1975 the cultivars Uzun, Kirmizi, Siirt, Halebi and Ohadi were grafted onto seedling rootstocks of pistachios, P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. P. atlantica exhibited the best growth below and above the graft union. Pistachio rootstocks showed the weakest growth in some years. In 1990 and 1991, cultivars on pistachio rootstocks had the smallest canopy volume compared with the other 2 rootstocks. In 1987 and 1988 plants on pistachio rootstocks produced the lowest yields. Of the cultivars, Siirt and Ohadi had the best yields in the years 1989-91 and Kirmizi and Halebi the lowest. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301148 Record 528 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of male pistachio types for the district of Gaziantep and Kahramanmaras. AU: Koroglu-M; Koksal-AI; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 299-305; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The study was carried out in order to find male types which flowered synchronously with female cultivars. Thirty male types were picked from the 2 regions and evaluated for their growth, flowering and pollen characteristics. In Gaziantep 4 types (M4.12, S8.5, S.14.1 and S23.1) were selected and in Kahramanmaras 7 types (MA8.1, MA13.7, HA2.2, HA6.4, HA18.8, T1.1 and T10.7) were selected. All the pollinators flowered before the females but they were synchronous to some extent. The best pollen germination rates were 55-69%, which was considered high. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301149 Record 529 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Investigations on the profitability, productivity, quality and development of some pistachio varieties under intensive growing conditions. AU: Akkok-F; Karaca-R; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 313-318; 4 ref. LA: English AB: The study was carried out between 1976 and 1993 in Turkey on the cultivars Uzun, Siirt and Ohadi (grafted on pistachios) which were planted at high densities. Income from these plantings was compared with that obtained from Antep planted at a more traditional spacing. Trunk girth and tree height were best for Siirt and Uzun while Ohadi had the best annual shoot growth. Ohadi and Siirt were the most productive (223 and 300 kg/da [0.1 ha], respectively). The 100 nut weight (105.34-118.51 g), kernel:shell ratio (42.56-46.62%) and split ratio (63.18-76.01%) were best for Ohadi and Siirt. In 1993, the highest income was obtained from Siirt and the lowest income was obtained from Antep. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301150 Record 530 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of male Pistachio spp. types growing in Gaziantep. AU: Atli-HS; Kaska-N; Eti-S; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 319-322; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Twenty selected male types were evaluated in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate their suitability as pollinators for the female cultivars Uzun, Halebi, Kirmizi, Siirt and Ohadi. Growth rate, flowering time, degree of synchronous flowering with the female types, flower number on secondary branches, flower clusters/shoot, flowers/cluster, length of flower cluster and pollen characteristics including production, viability, germination and storage period, were investigated. Using the weighted ranking method, Type 30 was most suitable for Uzun and Halebi, Type 14 for Siirt and Kirmizi and Types 3 and 46 for Ohadi provided the same 2 types were in the same orchard. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301151 Record 531 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of the most suitable harvest time for green color and high kernel quality of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kunter-B; Gulsen-Y; Ayfer-M; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 393-398; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The investigation was conducted on the cultivars Siirt, Ohadi, Kirmizi and Uzun. Nuts were harvested on 29 August, or on 2, 9 or 16 September and at full maturity on 23 September. Kernel colour and chlorophyll content decreased as nuts matured. Shading of nuts on trees, drying in sun or dark and shell splitting had no effect on the total chlorophyll content. The cultivar Kirmizi had the highest green colour as measured by total chlorophyll content (2.9 mg/100 g). All cultivars showed the highest correlations between kernel green colour and weight, total fat or protein content when nuts were harvested 3 weeks before full maturity. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301155 Record 532 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The Italian research on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Avanzato-D; Monastra-F; Corazza-L; Palma-L-de; Novello-V; Fabbri-A; Dollo-L; Barone-E; Caruso-T; Marra-FP; Ingelese-P; Motisi-A; De-Palma-L; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 399-404; 64 ref. LA: English AB: The results of research conducted in Italy on pistachio over the last 15 years are summarized. The main topics of investigation have been germplasm characterization, cultivar and rootstock propagation, orchard management, crop physiology and disease control in pistachios and Pistacia spp. including P. terebinthus, P. atlantica, P. integerrima. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301156 Record 533 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio growing in Greece. AU: Zakinthinos-G; Rouskas-D; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 423-425. LA: English AB: A brief summary of pistachio production in Greece is given. The main rootstock used is Pistacia terebinthus, and the main cultivar is Aegina. The composition of the nut is 55% fat, 23% protein and 14% carbohydrate. Trees are grown in widely differing climatic regions, and harvesting and postharvest treatments are briefly outlined. The main research topics are listed. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 970301159 Record 534 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Recent findings on alternate bearing in pistachio. OT: Recenti acquisizioni sull'alternanza di produzione del pistacchio. AU: Marra-FP; Motisi-A SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 12, 53-55; 13 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: The specific causes of alternate bearing have not yet been determined. The presence of fruits on the tree greatly affects the abscission of inflorescence buds, probably due to competition for carbohydrates and mineral elements but a role for plant growth regulators cannot be excluded. The need to manage pistachios, particularly in terms of plant nutrition and irrigation, to reduce alternate bearing is stressed. PT: Journal-article AN: 970301300 Record 535 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake capacity and root growth in mature alternate-bearing pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees. AU: Rosecrance-RC; Weinbaum-SA; Brown-PH; Topa-MA (ed.); Rygiewicz-PT (ed.); Cumming-JR SO: Dynamics of physiological processes in woody roots. Papers presented at an international symposium held in Ithaca, New York, 8-11 October, 1995. Tree-Physiology. 1996, 16: 11-12, 949-956; 44 ref. LA: English AB: Interrelationships between crop load, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake, and root growth were examined in mature, alternate-bearing pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees. Pistachio trees bear heavy (on-year) and light (off-year) fruit crops in alternate years. Uptake and partitioning of N, P, and K among tree parts were determined during spring flush (mid-March to late May), nut filling (late May to early September), and postharvest-leaf senescence (late September to early December). Nutrient uptake occurred primarily during nut filling in both on-year and off-year trees. In on-year trees, N and K uptake increased by 35 and 112%, respectively, during nut filling compared with off-year trees. During this period, nutrients were allocated largely to embryo development in on-year trees and to storage in perennial tissues in off-year trees. Nutrient uptake was negligible between harvest and leaf senescence. Although root growth was reduced during nut filling in on-year trees compared with off-year trees, there was no relationship between root growth and the uptake of N, P or K from the soil. The data support the hypothesis that sink demand regulates the uptake and distribution of N, P, and K in pistachio trees. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 970301380 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 536 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First report of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) on pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Holtz-BA; Michailides-TJ; Ferguson-L; Hancock-JG; Weinhold-AR SO: Plant-Disease. 1996, 80: 11, 1303. LA: English AB: 1n 1995, R. solani AG-4 was reported for the first time from pistachio rootstock seedlings, Pistacia atlantica, P. integerrima and their hybrid cross, in Madera County, California, USA. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested against healthy pistachio plants in greenhouse tests. The disease was controlled in the nursery by the addition of pentachloronitrobenzene [quintozene] in planting medium and by maintaining clean greenhouse benches. PT: Journal-article AN: 971000885 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 537 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Determination of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio kernels and shells. AU: Scholten-JM; Spanjer-MC SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 1996, 79: 6, 1360-1364; 14 ref. LA: English AB: A method was developed for accurate measurement of aflatoxin B1 in the edible portion of pistachio nuts. 29 samples of kernels with and without their shells were slurried with a Mega Ultra Turrax. A subsample of the homogenate was extracted with water-methanol, defatted with petroleum ether, purified with a silica solid-phase extraction column and redissolved in methanol. After separation on an octadecyl column and postcolumn reaction with on-line electrochemically generated bromine, the aflatoxin B1 derivative was detected fluorometrically. The shells contained <1% of the aflatoxin B1 found in the edible kernel and they accounted for 41.7-46.8% of the weight of the whole pistachio. It is concluded that it is possible to analyse an entire sample, up to 25 kg, as a whole and still be able to judge whether it meets the legal tolerance limit of 5 µg aflatoxin B1/kg edible part, as set by the Dutch Food Act. PT: Journal-article AN: 971200301 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 538 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Characterization and behaviour of pistachio cultivars in Catalonia (Spain). AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-M; Plana-J; Rovira-M; Batlle-I; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 181-188; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Since 1983, 70 Pistacia vera cultivars have been introduced in the pistachio collection at IRTA Mas Bove. In this paper, results are presented of the evaluation of 53 cultivars (29 females and 24 males) from 10 countries for agronomic and commercially important characters. The cultivars were observed for at least 3 flowering seasons. In addition, the use of isoenzymes to characterize this dioecious species was investigated. Fifty-two cultivars (36 females and 16 males) were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis for 5 enzyme systems: aconitase, esterase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and shikimate dehydrogenase. Some of the cultivars could be identified on the basis of their isoenzyme banding patterns. The results indicated that the female cultivars Aegina, Larnaka and Mateur, and the pollinators B, M-502 and Peters are the most promising. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601963 Record 539 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: First results of vigour and leafing in pistachio progenies. AU: Vargas-FJ; Romero-M; Clave-J; Batlle-I; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 273-277; 7 ref. LA: English AB: A limited pistachio (Pistacia vera) crossing programme undertaken during 1989-90 produced _2000 seedlings from 31 crosses, and is providing information on cross combinations with superior vigour and leafing date. Significant differences were found between families for vigour, measured as trunk diameter 2 years after planting seedlings in randomized plots. Results of 12 crosses (733 seedlings) showed that offspring of Mateur X C and Mateur X M502 were vigorous, while progenies derived from Larnaka X Nazar, Larnaka X M502, Aegina X Enk and Larnaka X M38 were less vigorous. Cv. Mateur, which is vigorous, usually gave rise to vigorous seedlings, while Larnaka, which is less vigorous, produced seedlings with reduced vigour. Significant differences between offspring were also observed for average leafing data in 15 crosses (1453 seedlings). The crosses Sfax X M502, Mateur X M36 and Ouleimy X M502 produced late leafing seedlings, while progeny of Mateur X M502 and Mateur X C produced leaves early. Average leafing date of the progenies (1 year data) was significantly correlated (r = 0.67) with the average 100% flowering date of the parents (5 year data). Also, mean leafing date of parents and families (1 year data) were significantly correlated (r = 0.51). PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601965 Record 540 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Selection of pistachio nut and their comparison to Turkish standard varieties. AU: Tekin-H; Akkok-F; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 287-292; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Promising pistachio (Pistacia vera) types were selected following evaluation for nut size, percentage of split nuts and percentage kernel weight in a study carried out during 1985-92 in Gaziantep, Sanliurfa, Kahramanmaras and Adiyaman provinces, where pistachios are grown intensively. Of the 16 types selected, 3 had larger nuts with higher splitting and kernel percentages than the favourite Turkish standard pistachio cultivar, Siirt. Two further selections produced nuts much earlier than the Turkish standard cultivars, but the nuts were small, with low splitting percentages. The promising types are undergoing further evaluation. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957-5 AN: 971601966 Record 541 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Quality characteristics of Turkish and Iranian pistachio cultivars grown in Gaziantep. AU: Karaca-R; Nizamoglu-A; Kaska-N (ed.); Kuden-AB (ed.); Ferguson-L (ed.); Michailides-T SO: First international symposium on pistachio nut, Adana, Turkey, 20-24 Sep. 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 419, 307-312; 11 ref. LA: English AB: In 1984, 1985 and 1987, 8 Turkish (Kirmizi, Uzun, Halebi, Siirt, Cakmak, Ketengomlegi, Degirmi and Sultani) and 5 Iranian (Ohadi, Vahidi, Mumtaz, Haci Serifi and Sefidi) pistachio [Pistacia vera] varieties were evaluated for nut characteristics. The nuts of Iranian varieties were larger than those of Turkish varieties (100-nut weight 162.03 and 129.72 g, respectively). Nut splitting percentage of Turkish types was 67.14% and that of Iranian types was 78.70%. Fat content of Turkish and Iranian nuts was 57.68 and 55.43%, respectively, while the respective protein contents were 22.08 and 22.69%. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IB: 90-6605-957 AN: 971601967 Record 542 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Machine vision system for automated detection of stained pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-T SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-and-Technologie. 1996, 29: 3, 203-209; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Most shell stains on pistachio nuts are caused by a hull defect known as 'early split' (an abnormal opening on the suture of the hull whilst it is still growing on the tree, 3 to 6 weeks before harvest). Early split nuts are more susceptible to insect infestation and Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination. A machine vision system was developed for separating stained from unstained nuts. The estimated cost of the system ($15 000) and the product throughput rates (40 nuts/s) were comparable to the bichromatic colour sorters currently available. Working algorithms were developed and implemented for 3 specific processing streams (sinker and floater bichromatic sorter rejects and manually sorted small nut shelling stock stream floaters). The overall minimum error rate for the system was 13% for the sinker bichromatic reject nuts, 14% for the floater bichromatic reject nuts and 15% for the small shelling stock nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 960309698 FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1996.0030 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1996.0030 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0023-6438%28000000%2929%3A3%3C203%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 543 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Phytopathogenic fungi in southern Italy. XII - Anthracnose of pistachio nut. OT: Parassiti fungini delle piante dell'Italia meridionale. XII - L'antracnosi del pistacchio. AU: Frisullo-S; Camele-I; Lops-F; Carlucci-A SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1996, 46: 7-8, 45-47; 9 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: Alterations were observed in leaves, cluster rachis and fruit of pistachio nut plants in southern Italy in 1995. Diseased leaves showed necrotic spots often located close to the veins. Cluster rachis exhibited a dry rot which originated at the connection point of the fruit on the peduncle and then spread to the entire rachis. The epicarp of the altered nut was wrinkled and showed numerous fungus pustules, which were immersed in mesocarp and covered by a thin esocarp layer. Glomerella cingulata was consistently isolated from naturally infected material. Symptoms very like those observed on naturally infected pistachio fruit were reproduced in artificial inoculation tests involving wounded or intact healthy fruit. PT: Journal-article AN: 961006310 Record 544 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 3. Distribution in pistachio process streams. AU: Schatzki-TF; Pan-JL SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry. 1996, 44: 4, 1076-1084; 16 ref. LA: English AB: The distribution of aflatoxin concn was measured by sampling 19 process streams ranging from 1 to 1000 nuts/sample. The 19 streams comprised substantially the entire sorted product of one producer in California, USA, for crop year 1992. Similar results were obtained by another producer for 1993. The fraction of total aflatoxin accounted for by each process stream was computed. It was found that 90% of aflatoxin is contained in 4.6% of (low-quality) product; removal of this product would reduce mean aflatoxin from 1.2 to 0.12 ng/g for all product sold for human consumption. On the basis of the aflatoxin distributions of the processed as well as an unprocessed stream, it is concluded that all aflatoxin found here arises in the orchard; none is produced under normal processing conditions. It is estimated that the necessary sample size (in terms of the sample mean and desired variance of the mean) for aflatoxin measurement in pistachios is given by number of nuts = (8 X 105 ng/g) X mean/variance. PT: Journal-article AN: 961202075 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 545 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: The occurrence of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on pistachio in Damghan. AU: Banihashemi-Z; Kheiri-A SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1995, 31: 1-4, 37-38. LA: English AB: On Oct. 13, 1994 several 8-year-old pistachio trees were found showing decline symptoms in a newly established Pistachio Experiment Station in Yahya-Abad, vicinity of Damghan in Semnan province. Numerous galls (2-5 mm in diam.) were observed on roots and identified as Meloidogyne javanica. This is the first report of the occurrence of nematode on pistachio in Semnan province. Use of pathogen free soil and seedlings must have priority in the pistachio expansion programme of the region. PT: Journal-article AN: 961701372 Record 546 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Comparison of two pistachio rootstocks. OT: Confronto fra due portinnesti di pistacchio. AU: Alberghina-O SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1996, 52: 15, 55-57; 4 col. pl. LA: Italian AB: Female cultivar Nostrale was grafted on Pistacia atlantica or Pistacia terebinthus rootstocks and grown in association with male cultivar Nostrale Bronte and male clones Alberghina 1 and Alberghina 2. Trees were established in 1983 and growth and nut production were monitored in 1988-93. Trees on P. atlantica were more vigorous but nut production was greater on P. terebinthus. PT: Journal-article AN: 960306938 Record 547 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of selected pistachio pollen on development and quality of pistachio nuts of three commercially grown cultivars. AU: Riazi-G; Rahemi-M; Khanizadeh-S SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1996, 19: 3-4, 635-641; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of pollen from 2 wild species (Pistacia atlantica and P. mutica) and 2 P. vera cultivars (Momtaz and Soltani) on nut development and quality of 3 commercially grown cultivars (Owhadi, Kalleh-ghuchi and Momtaz) were compared with open pollination. Pollen source had no effect on final fruit set and total fruit weight, but pollen from wild species, particularly that of P. mutica, reduced kernel weight and the percentage of split nuts and increased the percentage of blank nuts of the 3 commercially grown cultivars compared with cultivar pollen and the open pollinated controls. Owhadi had the lowest average individual kernel weight (0.52 g) and the highest average percentage of blank nuts (29.72%). The highest average percentage of split nuts (60.80%) was observed in cv. Momtaz. PT: Journal-article AN: 960307220 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 548 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Preliminary study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii Licht.) (Psyllidae: Homoptera) and its associated natural enemies in some regions of Syria. AU: Lababidi-MS; Zebitz-CP SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1995, 13: 2, 62-68; 9 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: The ecology of Agonoscena targionii was studied on pistachios in 4 regions of Syria during 1994. Infestation reached 100% in Al-Muselmiya, Jarablus, Al-Bab and Morek on 1 May, 10 July, 24 July and 7 August, resp. Adults overwintered under bark and in crevices from the end of October to the end of March. Fourth- and 5th-instar nymphs were attacked by a dipteran endoparasitoid. Parasitism ranged from 1.2 to 85% in the field. PT: Journal-article AN: 961105304 Record 549 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Hull adhesion characteristics of early-split and normal pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC; Studer-HE SO: Applied-Engineering-in-Agriculture. 1996, 12: 2, 219-221; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The hull adhesion properties of early-split and normal pistachio nuts were studied to determine the feasibility of separating early-split nuts from normal nuts by their hulling characteristics. The hulls of pistachio nuts were found to adhere more tightly to the shells of early-split nuts than to normal nuts. Laboratory hulling tests on pistachio nuts harvested in 1993 indicated that under controlled conditions, 98% of the normal nut hulls were removed while only 9% of the early-split hulls were removed. PT: Journal-article AN: 962401259 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 550 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Isozymes and canonical discriminant analysis to identify pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) germplasm. AU: Barone-E; Marco-L-di; Marra-FP; Sidari-M; Di-Marco-L SO: HortScience. 1996, 31: 1, 134-138; 23 ref. LA: English AB: Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of morphometric data on buds, leaves and fruits, as well as isozyme analysis (esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase) of leaf samples, were used to identify eight male pistachio selections and 10 female pistachio cultivars. According to the CDA, 77% and 93% of the total variance was summarized by the first three canonical discriminant functions for the female and male selections, respectively. Fruit characteristics, particularly fruit fresh and dry weights and fruit length, accounted for most of the discriminatory power for the female cultivars, while the dimensions of the leaves, principally leaf rachis length, were the most effective discriminating characteristics for the males. Isozyme analysis showed a higher degree of polymorphism in the male than the female gene pool. Hence, using only three enzymes, it was possible to identify all of the male selections, but only 50% of the females. Peroxidase polymorphism clearly demonstrated the greater phylogenetic distance between Kerman and the local cultivars, as well as between Cerasola, a quite different cultivar with a reddish hull, and the others tested. The combination of CDA and isozyme analysis enhanced the possibility of uniquely identifying the female cultivars. PT: Journal-article AN: 961604674 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 551 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Plant regeneration from encapsulated embryoids and an embryogenic mass of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell-Reports. 1996, 15: 9, 723-726; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Pieces of an embryogenic mass (EMS) induced in culture from immature fruits of pistachio were encapsulated with calcium alginate beads. Somatic embryos were also encapsulated individually into calcium alginate beads to produce synthetic seeds. The viability of the encapsulated EMS and somatic embryos was investigated immediately following encapsulation, and after storage for 60 days at 4°C. The encapsulated-stored EMS fragments recovered their original proliferative capacity after two months' storage following two sub-cultures, but non-encapsulated-stored EMS failed to recover. The conversion frequency of synthetic seeds to seedling plants was 14% after storage for 60 days at 4°C, from which it may be concluded that encapsulation is a practical procedure for short-term storage of embryogenic pistachio tissue, and may be applicable to the preservation of desirable elite genotypes. PT: Journal-article AN: 961605775 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 552 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Inflorescence bud growth, development and abscission in shoots of bearing and disbudded 'Bianca' pistachio trees. AU: Caruso-T; Fabbri-A; Giovannini-D SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1995, 70: 6, 857-866; 9 pl.; 27 ref. LA: English AB: DM accumulation patterns and anatomical aspects of development and abscission of inflorescence buds borne on shoots of fruiting (BF) and non-fruiting (BNF) branches of bearing trees and in non-bearing branches of disbudded (NBD) pistillate trees of pistachio (Pistacia vera) were studied from the end of May to mid Sep. In NBD trees, inflorescence-bud summer drop was negligible and, by the end of the growing season, DM content in NBD buds was 3 times higher than in BF buds. An anatomical investigation showed that the inflorescence buds, irrespective of their being on shoots of BF or BNF, undergo the same differentiation process, which is completed by the end of spring. In June and July, signs of degeneration are detectable in the conducting tissue of the buds that will abscise. The degeneration seems to precede and, presumably, trigger the onset of abscission layers, which may develop at different points in the inflorescence. It is suggested that the event triggering the onset of the abscission process precedes the phase of rapid embryo development and that it might be ascribed to the embryo in the phase following the first zygotic division. PT: Journal-article AN: 960300200 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 553 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Productivity of pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) under saline conditions. AU: Abu-Sharar-TM SO: Dirasat.-Series-B,-Pure-and-Applied-Sciences. 1994, 21: 5, 193-206; 2 pl.; 14 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: In a field trial in the semiarid Dhuleil area of Jordan, 2 local pistachio cultivars (Ashouri and Olaimi), each grafted on 2 rootstocks (Ashouri and Pistacia atlantica), were planted in 1969. The plot was basin-irrigated with well water, which increased in salinity from the onset of irrigation. Crop yield (kg shelled fruits/tree) was recorded for the 1984-89 seasons. Soil samples taken in 1992 showed high soil salinity, with Cl- representing 0.823 [82.3%] of the total negative charge. However, field observations over 9 years showed no visual symptoms of salinity stress. Therefore, it was concluded that the crop was tolerant of salinity and specific Cl-toxicity. Using an upper salinity threshold of 10 dS/m for salt-tolerant crops, the average yield of shelled fruits was predicted to be 80% of the possible maximum yield, which was in agreement with the overall average yield relative to that of trees growing under local rainfed conditions with no salinity stress. This yield reduction corresponded to a 6% decrement per unit increase in ECe [electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract] beyond the threshold salinity, with 1 and 10% yield reduction in the most and least salt-tolerant scion/rootstock combinations (Ashouri/Ashouri and Ashouri/P. atlantica), respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301566 Record 554 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: High concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide improve budbreak in pistachio trees. OT: Concentraciones altas de cianamida hidrogenada mejoran la brotacion de yemas en pistachero. AU: Arreoloa-Avila-J; Mancilla-y-Diaz-Infante-R SO: Revista-Fitotecnia-Mexicana. 1993, 16: 2, 203-207; 12 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Spraying 10-year-old pistachio trees (cv. Kerman) with 2.5 or 5.0% hydrogen cyanamide after the trees had accumulated 457 heat units significantly increased percentage budbreak (from 4.5% in controls to 26.0 and 45.5%, respectively). Hydrogen cyanamide application advanced budbreak by about 11 days. Percentage budbreak was highest in one- and 2-year-old shoots, but the difference in percentage budbreak between control and treated trees was greatest in 4- and 5-year-old shoots. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301759 Record 555 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Effect of rootstock on vegetative growth and nutritional status of pistachio cv. Bianca. OT: Effetto del portinnesto sullo sviluppo vegetativo e sullo stato nutrizionale del pistacchio cv. " Bianca". AU: Caruso-T; Giovannini-D; Barone-E SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1996, 58: 1, 57-60; 3 col. pl.; 17 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: Trunk cross-sectional area and plant nutritional status were recorded during a 3-year experiment without irrigation on pistachio cv. Bianca budded on 8 in vitro-propagated clonal rootstocks (Pistacia atlantica or P. integerrima) and 1 seedling rootstock (P. terebinthus). Rootstock affected leaf K, Mg, B, Cu and Ca concentration but no particular mineral deficiency was noted. P. integerrima clone No. 2 was the most vigorous rootstock. PT: Journal-article AN: 960301923 Record 556 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Hendersonula blight of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) - a new record from Kashmir. AU: Chib-HS SO: Research-and-Development-Reporter. 1994, 11: 1-2, 93-94; 4 ref. LA: English AB: During 1982-85 a severe blight of pistachio shoots and branches was observed in Shalimar, Kashmir, India. The causal organism was identified as H. toruloidea [Nattrassia mangiferae]. PT: Journal-article AN: 961001388 Record 557 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Somatic embryogenesis in cultured immature kernels of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. AU: Onay-A; Jeffree-CE; Yeoman-MM SO: Plant-Cell-Reports. 1995, 15: 3-4, 192-195; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Embryogenic tissue was produced from kernels of immature pistachio fruits cultured in liquid MS media supplemented with 200 mg casein hydrolysate/litre, 114 µM ascorbic acid and benzyladenine (BA). Compact embryogenic masses differentiated directly from fruit explants after culture for 2 weeks in liquid MS medium with 8.9 µM BA. After transfer of the embryogenic masses into liquid MS medium with 4.4 µM BA somatic embryos were observed. Several stages of embryogenesis were present in the cultures. Somatic embryos, which were readily separated from the friable embryogenic masses by shaking, subsequently germinated on solidified hormone-free MS medium and developed into plantlets. PT: Journal-article AN: 961602306 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 558 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07 TI: Pistachio situation and outlook. AU: Janis-W; Peckins-S; Strzelecki-KK SO: World-Horticultural-Trade-and-US-Export-Opportunities. 1996, No. 2, 44-54. LA: English AB: Pistachio production in selected countries (the USA, Greece, Italy, Syria and Turkey) in 1995/96 is forecast to increase 17% to about 127 000 metric tons. All five selected countries, except Greece, are expected to register increases. Total exports from selected countries in 1995/96 are forecast to rise 4% to 39 400 tons, with the USA accounting for most of the increase. PT: Journal-article AN: 961801708 Record 559 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio. AU: Swart-WJ; Botes-WM SO: Plant-Disease. 1995, 79: 10, 1036-1038; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Dieback of 3-year-old Pistacia vera trees, grafted onto P. atlantica rootstocks was observed in trial plantings in the Prieska district of South Africa during the spring of 1992. Close examination of diseased trees revealed the presence of cankers on the lower part of the stem in the vicinity of the graft. Isolations from the margins of diseased tissue onto malt-extract agar consistently yielded black fungal colonies and pycnidia bearing mature conidia identified as the Sphaeropsis anamorph of B. obtusa. The fungus was shown to be highly virulent to 3 Pistacia species in pathogenicity tests in the field. Branches measuring 5 mm in diam. of P. atlantica, P. vera and P. integerrima developed mean cambial lesions measuring 53, 51 and 15 mm, respectively, 14 d after artificial inoculation with fungal mycelium. Wounding of branches prior to inoculation resulted in significantly larger cambial lesions. This is thought to be a new record for B. obtusa on cultivated pistachio trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 951000238 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 560 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Insecticide trials on (Agonoscena targioni Licht.) injurious on pistachio trees in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. OT: Akdeniz bolgesi antepfistiklarinda zararli fistik yaprak, psyllasi (Agonoscena targioni Licht.) 'na karsi ilac denemesi. AU: Celik-MY SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1992, No. 22-23, 49-50. LA: English, Turkish AB: Following field trials in 1985-86 in Gaziantep, Turkey, phosalone, amitraz, fenvalerate, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and flucythrinate were recommended for the control of Agonoscena targioni on pistachio trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 951112391 Record 561 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Chemical tests against Sturaspis pistacia Lindinger and Pistaciaspis pistacia Arch. injurious on pistachio trees in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. OT: Akdeniz bolgesi antepfistigi agaclarinda zararli fistik beyaz kabuklubiti (Sturaspis pistacia Lindinger) ve fistik virgul kabuklubiti (Pistaciaspis pistacia Arch.) 'ne karsi kis ilac denemeleri. AU: Celik-MY SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1992, No. 22-23, 51-52. LA: English, Turkish AB: A 50% ammonium-salt of DNOC (Trifrina), DNBP [dinoseb] (Vintox) and DNOC 1.58% + mineral oil 65% (Vintervas) were evaluated for the control of Suturaspis pistacia [Salicicola pistacia] and Pistaciaspis pistacia [Lepidosaphes pistacia] on pistachios in 1985 in Turkey. Trifrina gave effective control of S. pistacia but not of P. pistacia. Both Vintox and Vintervas controlled both species. PT: Journal-article AN: 951112392 Record 562 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: RAPD polymorphisms among pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. AU: Dollo-L; Hormaza-JI; Polito-VS SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1995, 49: 3, 147-152; 18 ref. LA: English AB: RAPD analysis was used to characterize 15 pistachio (Pistacia vera) cultivars. Thirty-three decamer oligonucleotide primers were screened and 14 of these produced 37 reproducible polymorphic bands which were useful as markers. Each cultivar exhibited a unique molecular phenotype and, as a consequence, was uniquely identified using these selected markers. The results suggested that RAPD analysis can provide a new alternative for pistachio cultivar identification and classification, and can be effectively incorporated into pistachio breeding programmes. PT: Journal-article AN: 951611702 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 563 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: The relationship between date of hull splitting and decay of pistachio nuts by Aspergillus species. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1995, 79: 8, 766-769; 19 ref. LA: English AB: Atypical pistachio nuts that have split hulls, known as 'early splits,' frequently have kernels decayed by Aspergillus spp. In 1992 and 1993 pistachio nuts that had split hulls were marked in commercial orchards at c. 2-week intervals in California, USA. Depending on the orchard, 15-48% of the early splits had formed >4 weeks before harvest and 10-30% formed within 2 weeks before harvest. At harvest these nuts were also evaluated for kernel decay, insect infestation, and several physical characteristics. The incidence of decay caused by Aspergillus spp. (predominantly A. niger) was 3 times greater in the oldest early splits than in early splits formed in the period before harvest (no decay was found in normal nuts with nonsplit hulls). The oldest early splits also had the most shrivelled hulls, which is a feature associated with aflatoxin contamination. At harvest the oldest early splits had less fruit FW, lower kernel moisture, smaller shells and more shell discoloration compared with early splits formed in the period before harvest and with normal nuts. It is concluded that these characteristics could be used to remove decayed nuts during processing. PT: Journal-article AN: 952311929 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 564 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Development of pistachio as a crop in the United States. AU: Parfitt-DE SO: 82nd-Annual-Report,-Northern-Nut-Growers'-Association. 1991, publ. 1992, 135-143; 1 pl., 1 map; 22 ref. PB: Northern Nut Growers' Association; Hamden, Connecticut; USA LA: English AB: A general discussion of Pistacia vera crop production, with regard to acreage, climatic and cultural requirements, tree biology, cultivars, propagation, diseases, disorders and pests, and genetic improvement. PT: Annual-report AN: 950311646 Record 565 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Influence of manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of pistachio. AU: Tekin-H; Guzel-N; Ibrikci-H SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1995, 18: 6, 1263-1272; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Fertilizer trials were conducted in a 37-year-old pistachio cv. Uzun orchard. N was applied (as ammonium sulfate) at 0, 400 or 800 g/tree and P was applied (as triple superphosphate) at 0 or 600 g P2O5/tree. K was applied to all trees as a basal rate. In addition, selected trees each received 60 kg air-dried sheep manure or sheep manure + additional inorganic macro- and micronutrients as foliar applications at 3 times during the course of the experiment. Yields were highest with 800 g N/tree + 600 g P2O5/tree + sheep manure + foliar sprays (15.301 kg/tree in 1990). Fruit shell dehiscence, tree productivity (g/cm2) and leaf N, P and K contents were also increased by increasing amounts of fertilizer. Fruit protein and oil contents were not influenced by addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers. PT: Journal-article AN: 950313216 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 566 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Teleiodes decorella (Haworth, 1812) a new insect pest for the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Greece. AU: Tsourgianni-A; Mourikis-PA; Chitzanidis-A SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-Phytopathologique-Benaki. 1994, 17: 1, 105-107; 7 ref. LA: English AB: In the past few years, severe infestations have been observed in pistachio orchards on the island of Egina, Greece, by lepidopterous larvae identified as belonging to the gelechiid species Teleiodes decorella. A list of 8 additional food plants and details of geographical distribution are included. PT: Journal-article AN: 951108045 Record 567 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Free amino acid and protein nitrogen in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman): developing kernel. AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Advances-in-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 8: 2, 115-124; 21 ref. LA: English AB: In the developing kernel, the total free amino acid N accumulated initially in the funiculus and ovule. During the overall growth of the embryo, protein N increased as the soluble N declined. Developmental events in the kernel were used as temporal markers to chart the sequential accumulation and dominance of metabolic families in the free amino acid N pool. The free amino acid N pool was dominated by the aspartate and glutamate families of amino acids (mainly arginine N). Strong network rigidity in the flow of N was indicated by linear and non-linear correlations among components of the free amino acid N pool. Changes in the soluble N were related to phenology and levels of insoluble N in the developing kernel. The flux of N through components of the soluble N is presented as a departure from average behaviour and portrays a response surface that can be used to characterize the metabolic stability of kernel development. PT: Journal-article AN: 950305952 Record 568 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) - a review of quality parameters. OT: Die Pistazie (Pistacia vera L.) - eine Ubersicht zur Warenkunde. AU: Reiner-H SO: Ernahrung. 1994, 18: 9, 443-447; 3 pl., 1 fig.; 27 ref. LA: German LS: English AB: The pistachio originated in the Middle East, and the largest producer is now Iran (99 900 t in 1992), followed by the USA, Turkey and Syria. Information is given on the chemical composition of pistachio nuts, their morphology and development, and grading and quality. PT: Journal-article AN: 950306178 Record 569 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Free amino acids as indicators of little leaf in zinc deficiency in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cultivar 'Kerman'). AU: Durzan-DJ SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1995, 60: 3-4, 221-233; 1 pl.; 38 ref. LA: English AB: Zn deficiency of commercial pistachio trees is characterized visually as 'little leaf', analytically by low Zn concentrations, and internally by increases in N, P and total soluble N. Under a range of Zn deficiencies, blocks in metabolism arose which led to the accumulation of free arginine N. Over the growing season, arginine N in healthy leaves is normally used for amino acid and protein synthesis. The physiological states induced by Zn deficiency reversibly altered the internal correlations among free amino acid components of the soluble N pool. Several correlations were rigidly maintained over the growth and development of leaves, so as to support the visual indices for Zn deficiency. PT: Journal-article AN: 950306714 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0304-4238%2360%23221%233-4&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 570 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Alternate bearing influences annual nutrient consumption and the total nutrient content of mature pistachio trees. AU: Brown-PH; Weinbaum-SA; Picchioni-GA SO: Trees:-Structure-and-Function. 1995, 9: 3, 158-164; 22 ref. LA: English AB: The influence of alternate bearing on nutrient utilization and total tree nutrient content was investigated in mature pistachio cv. Kerman trees. Removal of N, P and Zn in fruits and abscised leaves of cropping ('on') trees averaged 5, 6 and 2 times, respectively, the removal in abscised leaflets of the non-fruiting, 'off' year trees. Nutrient removal per ha by fruits and abscised leaves of 'on' year trees was 135 kg N, 131 kg K, 86 kg Ca, 39 kg Mg and 18 kg P. Tree nutrient contents and, presumably, the size of nutrient storage pools in dormant trees varied between 'on' and 'off' years. There was 22 and 14% more N and P, respectively, in dormant trees following 'off' than 'on' years. The greater N and P accumulation in 'off' year trees presumably supports the large fruit demand for N and P during the 'on' years. In contrast to N and P, there was greater K and Ca accumulation in perennial tree parts during 'on' years than during 'off' years. The greater K accumulation in perennial tree parts and _30% greater removal of K in annual organs during 'on' than 'off' years suggest that K uptake could be 4 times higher in 'on' year trees than in non-cropping, 'off' year trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 950307817 Record 571 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: New technology for raising pistachio seedlings. AU: Popov-KP; Lalymenko-NK; Lalymenko-LA SO: Problems-of-Desert-Development. 1994, No. 2, 77-81; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachios grown on arid desert soils develop a vertical rather than a horizontal root system; this can increase seedling mortality at the time of transplanting. In experiments conducted at the Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences, pregerminated pistachio seeds were sown in conical bottomless polyethylene containers (50 cm tall, with diameters of upper and lower apertures of 12 and 10 cm, respectively), filled with a mixture of manure and takyr loam. The containers were closely spaced in a trench (50-60 cm deep) filled with sand. The plants developed a vigorous root system, with the filamentous roots growing downwards into the trench but also intermingling sideways with roots of neighbouring plants. Plants were transplanted in the field in a furrow/ditch system. Based on soil and growth analyses, and a plant survival rate of 100% after 2 years, it is concluded that the use of containers promoting horizontal root growth in the pistachio nursery is likely to improve seedling survival on desert soils. PT: Journal-article AN: 950309979 Record 572 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Pistachio production and exports in selected countries continue expansion. AU: Nishiura-K SO: Horticultural-Products-Review. 1993, No. 12, 35-37. LA: English AB: Pistachio production and exports in 1993/94 in selected countries are forecast to expand for the fourth straight year. Pistachio production in five selected countries (Greece, Italy, Syria, Turkey and the USA) is expected to reach a record 147 600 t, inshell basis. Pistachio production in the four countries outside of the USA in 1993/94 seasons is forecast to total 80 100 t, up 78% from 1992/93. Led by a 15% increase in US exports, pistachio exports from the surveyed countries are forecast to rise 17% to 39 950 t. Gains in domestic consumption in the other producing countries are expected to limit their export growth. PT: Journal-article AN: 951803849 Record 573 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of pistachio trees (cv. Aegenes) as influenced by fruiting. AU: Vemmos-SN SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 69: 5, 775-782; 27 ref. LA: English AB: Net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (chl) were measured on fruiting and nonfruiting pistachio trees (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes) in 1991 and 1992. Specific leaf weight (SLW) was also measured in 1992. Measurements were taken at frequent intervals from May to Sep. in 1991 and from Apr. to Aug. in 1992. Pn, gs and chl in fruiting trees were greater than in nonfruiting ones from the beginning of measurement until mid-June in both years. From mid-June onwards, Pn and gs started to decrease slightly but were approximately the same in fruiting and nonfruiting trees. Chlorophyll a:b ratio was similar in fruiting and nonfruiting trees throughout the period of measurement. Although no significant differences were found in SLW between leaves of fruiting and nonfruiting trees, SLW was higher in fruiting than nonfruiting trees until the end of May, after which this relationship was reversed. The results showed that fruiting affected chl, gs and Pn from early in the season until mid-June, the period which precedes the onset of bud abscission and seed growth. PT: Journal-article AN: 950300115 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 574 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio. AU: Shuraki-YD; Sedgley-M SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 69: 6, 1019-1027; 4 pl.; 20 ref. LA: English AB: Female pistachio (Pistacia vera cultivars Kerman, Red Aleppo and Trabonella) trees were hand pollinated with pollen from 3 different male genotypes 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after anthesis. Results were measured by mature fruit set and by fluorescence microscopy of pollen germination and tube growth in the pistil. Maximum pollen tube growth and fruit set of split nuts was achieved following pollination within 2 days of anthesis. Three-day-old pistils supported pollen tube growth, but fruit set was low. Four-day-old pistils supported little pollen tube growth or fruit set. Significant differences were also apparent between pollen parents, with low pollen tube growth and fruit set following interspecific pollination with P. atlantica pollen. All pollen tubes were observed to penetrate chalazogamously and parthenocarpic production of blank fruits occurred in both unpollinated and pollinated treatments. The results indicate that for optimum fruit production in pistachio, pollen transfer must be achieved within 2 days of anthesis and pollination by P. atlantica should be avoided. PT: Journal-article AN: 950302407 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 575 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Male performance in pistachio (Pistacia vera). AU: Martinez-Palle-E; Herrero-M SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 69: 6, 1117-1122; 21 ref. LA: English AB: Pollenizer performance was evaluated in a collection of 17 male and 37 female pistachio clones from Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Israel, Syria, Tunisia and USA. Flowering date, pollen quantity and pollen quality were evaluated. The flowering dates of the clones spanned 1 month and covered the flowering period of the main female cultivars. Pollen quality evaluated as in vivo pollen germination, was high in all the studied clones, averaging 85%. However, big differences existed in pollen quantity, measured both as inflorescence density and as pollen per inflorescence. Thus, the amount of pollen per inflorescence averaged 173 mg and ranged from 73 to 252 mg. The fact that flowering date and pollen quantity were the two most variable characters between clones, but were constant over years, together with the fact that they are characteristics easily measured in the nursery makes them good criteria for pollenizer selection in this species. PT: Journal-article AN: 950302417 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 576 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Influence of rootstock on nutrient acquisition by pistachio. AU: Brown-PH; Zhang-QL; Ferguson-L SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1994, 17: 7, 1137-1148; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The influence of rootstock selection on leaf nutrient concentrations in commercial pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Kerman) orchards was studied. Five commercially important pistachio rootstocks were used. The pistachio rootstock P. atlantica was clearly superior to the others in enhancing leaf concentrations of B, Cu, Zn, and P via uptake from a range of soil types. The influence of rootstock on leaf nutrient concentration was apparent both in grafted and non-grafted trees and was most pronounced when leaf nutrient levels were low. Leaf B, Cu and Zn concentrations were 1.2-2.4 times higher in pistachio grafted to P. atlantica than in those grafted on other rootstocks. For Cu and Zn, elements that are often deficient in Californian pistachio orchards, the choice of rootstock was sufficient to overcome visible deficiencies of these elements. In soils low in a particular element rootstock selection may significantly influence management decisions and the need for fertilizer supplementation. Two hybrid rootstocks (hybrids between the efficient rootstock P. atlantica and the inefficient P. integerrima) had lower leaf nutrient concentrations than the P. atlantica parent. The mechanism of nutrient uptake efficiency was not identified though correlation analysis suggests separate characteristics are responsible for the enhancement of Zn uptake as compared with B or Cu uptake. Improvement in nutrient uptake efficiency may be possible in future breeding programmes. PT: Journal-article AN: 950303404 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 577 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Effects of debudding and defruiting on alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Caruso-T; Marco-L-di; Motisi-A; Raimondo-A; Di-Marco-L SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1992, 46: 3, 170-174; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Dormant and swelling inflorescence buds, inflorescences and infructescences were removed from both whole and half the canopy of pistachio cv. Bianca female trees in order to investigate their role in alternate bearing. Summer inflorescence bud drop was almost totally avoided in the whole-canopy treated trees, whereas in the non-bearing side of the half-canopy treatments removing after full bloom still promoted a low percentage (about 20%) of inflorescence bud abscission. The latter treatment showed that the influence of the bearing half-canopy on the non-bearing one depended on the stage of the reproductive organs (inflorescence bud, inflorescence, infructescence) at removal time. The research also pointed out the importance of studying alternate bearing in pistachio by whole-tree treatments, because results from scaffold treatments can be affected by the crop load of other parts of the tree. PT: Journal-article AN: 950304941 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 578 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Biology of the carob moth (Apomyelois ceratoniae) a new pest of pistachio in Rafsanjan. AU: Mehrnejad-MR SO: Applied-Entomology-and-Phytopathology. 1993, 60: 1&2, ar 1-11, 1-2; English captions and tables.; 10 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: In a survey of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan, Ravar and Ashkezar, Iran, in 1989-91, it was established that Apomyelois ceratoniae was an important pest both during production and storage of this crop. Adults emerged in late April and attacked the nuts when they began to crack in late July. Pomegranate appeared to be an alternative food plant, before the pistachios cracked. Females oviposited usually only a single egg on each split nut or in wounds on the hulls. Larval and pupal periods lasted about 42 days and each larva consumed about 120 mg of fresh kernels. PT: Journal-article AN: 951101163 Record 579 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: collaborative study. AU: Trucksess-MW; Stack-ME; Nesheim-S; Albert-RH; Romer-TR SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 1994, 77: 6, 1512-1521; 8 ref. LA: English AB: An AOAC/IUPAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifunctional column for the determination of aflatoxins. The test portion is extracted with acetonitrile-water (9 + 1), the extract is filtered, and the filtrate is passed through the column. The aflatoxins in the eluate are determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography after derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. Naturally contaminated maize, almonds, Brazil nuts, groundnuts and pistachio nuts spiked with total aflatoxins at 5, 10, 20 and 30 ng/g were sent to 12 collaborators in the USA, Denmark, France, Japan and Switzerland. 11 collaborators completed the study. Mean recoveries of total aflatoxins for each spike level for the various commodities (excluding Brazil nuts at 5 ng/g) were 93, 97, 95 and 95%, respectively; the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) ranged from 6.0 to 23.2% and the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 12.0 to 69.4%. The multifunctional column coupled with a liquid chromatographic method for determination of aflatoxins in maize, almonds, Brazil nuts, groundnuts and pistachio nuts was adopted as a first action by AOAC International. PT: Journal-article AN: 951200578 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 580 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1995 TI: Determination of relatedness and geographical movements of Pistacia vera (pistachio; Anacardiaceae) germplasm by RAPD analysis. AU: Hormaza-JI; Dollo-L; Polito-VS SO: Economic-Botany. 1994, 48: 4, 349-358; 58 ref. LA: English LS: Spanish AB: The pistachio has long been cultivated in south-central Asia and throughout the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, north Africa and the Middle East. Genetic diversity and patterns of relatedness were determined in 15 P. vera cultivars, representing germplasm originating from throughout this range, by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The resulting data were used to construct a similarity matrix and to perform a cluster analysis. These analyses revealed two major clusters of P. vera germplasm: a Mediterranean cluster, which included cultivars originating from the Mediterranean region of Europe, north Africa and the Middle East, and an Iranian-Caspian cluster, comprising germplasm originating from locations east of the Zagros mountains plus Peters, a cultivar selected as a seedling of unknown origin in the USA. The data presented here, in combination with historical and geographical records, support the hypothesis that pistachio cultivation originated in or near the present natural range of the species and was spread by cultivation to the Mediterranean region of the Middle East. This more limited pool was the germplasm source for subsequent spread of pistachio by cultivation throughout the Mediterranean region. PT: Journal-article AN: 951601323 Record 581 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio nut production in the Negev. AU: Golan-Goldhirsh-A; Heimer-YM; Cohen-Z; Lips-SH; Bishay-A (ed.); Dregne-H SO: Desert development Part 1: desert agriculture, ecology and biology: Proceedings of the Second International Desert Development Conference held on 25-31 January 1987 in Cairo, Egypt. 1991, 385-395; 5 ref. PB: Harwood Academic Publishers; Chur; Switzerland LA: English AB: Pistachio fruits were collected from mature trees of 4 cultivars and analysed. The largest and smallest fruits (in terms of whole fruit FW) were those of cv. Kerman and cv. Sfaks, respectively. The protein contents of the seeds of the 4 cultivars were 32.2, 25.4, 20.7 and 24.2% for Kerman, Sfaks, Avdat and Larnaka, respectively. In a separate trial, mature Kerman trees were irrigated with flood, tap (600 mg TSS/litre) or brackish water (4000 mg TSS/litre), beginning in 1984, and fruits were harvested in 1985 for analysis. The protein, lipid and fatty acid composition of seeds was not affected by treatment, but fruit and nut FW and the percentage of indehiscent fruits generally increased with increasing salinity. PT: Conference-paper IB: 3-7186-0396-9 AN: 940300028 Record 582 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Mateur). AU: Abousalim-A; Mantell-SH SO: Plant-Cell,-Tissue-and-Organ-Culture. 1992, 29: 3, 231-234; 14 ref. LA: English AB: In a preliminary experiment, 12-day-old seedlings from seeds collected from open-pollinated trees of cv. Mateur growing in northern Morocco were used as rootstocks. The scions consisted of 8- to 10-mm-long shoot tips with 2-3 distinguishable axillary buds and were obtained from Stage II cultures of 4-year-old trees of the same cultivar. The rootstocks were decapitated to leave 15-20 mm of the epicotyl; the primary root was shortened to 30-40 mm and the cotyledons and their axillary buds were removed. Scions, with their bases cut into gently sloping wedges, were inserted into vertical splits in the cut surface of the epicotyls. Micrografted seedlings were cultured on liquid MS medium using a filter paper bridge. In a second experiment, surface-disinfested seeds were cultured directly on top of a Milcap synthetic (polypropylene fibre) support and, after 12 days, the seedlings were micrografted in situ with scions; the tap roots of the rootstocks were left intact. The best results were obtained using the latter method, and vascular connections were established across grafts 21 days after grafting. Axillary shoots were produced by 60% of the scions. The Milcap polypropylene supports allowed good growth and branching of root systems and prevented root damage during grafting. PT: Journal-article AN: 940300785 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 583 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Irrigation response of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kanber-R; Yazar-A; Onder-S; Koksal-H SO: Irrigation-Science. 1993, 14: 1, 7-14; 1 fig.; 16 ref. LA: English AB: During a 5-year trial, including 3 on-yielding years (1979, 1981 and 1983) alternating with 2 off-yielding years (1980 and 1982), mature pistachio trees were not irrigated (controls), or irrigated with 120 mm water at 20- or 30-day intervals. Irrigation at 20-day intervals nearly doubled dry fruit yield, compared with controls, irrespective of whether it was an on- or off-yielding year. The average yield for the 3 on-yielding years was 5710 kg/ha with irrigation every 20 days, compared with 3450 kg/ha with no irrigation, and for the 2 off-yielding years, 4030 and 1730 kg/ha with irrigation every 20 days and no irrigation, respectively. Irrigation treatments, during both on- and off-yielding years, had no effect on fruit quality (nut weight and percentages of split or blank shells). PT: Journal-article AN: 940300999 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 584 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Delaying anthesis of staminate pistachio with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis-IC; Voyiatzis-DG SO: HortScience. 1993, 28: 8, 814-816; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio is a dioecious crop in which protandry is often observed. In Greece, pistachio orchards are interplanted with staminate cultivars that flower earlier than than the pistillate cultivar Aiginis, but usually flowering periods do not overlap sufficiently to obtain satisfactory pollination and pollen has to be collected and stored. This study, conducted from 1985 to 1987 with the important staminate cultivar B, investigated whether anthesis could be delayed by paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment. Foliar PBZ sprays applied in June or July of the previous season delayed anthesis; however, spraying in Sep. was ineffective. The length of delay of flowering depended on dose (50 to 1000 mg PBZ/litre applied to incipient runoff). Using the same total amount of chemical, one spray was as effective as 2 sprays applied one month apart. There were no effects on inflorescence FW, pollen production and pollen germination. Stem elongation was inhibited strongly by PBZ, but the number of nodes and flower buds/shoot was reduced only slightly. In a 2nd experiment, 2 other staminate cultivars (A and C, early- and late-flowering, respectively) showed a response similar to that of cultivar B. Treatment by spraying was only effective for one year, whereas a soil drench was effective for 2 years. PBZ may be able to synchronize the flowering of staminate and pistillate pistachio cultivars and result in good fruit set without artificial pollination. PT: Journal-article AN: 940301280 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 585 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Use of high CO2 atmosphere and medium modifications for the successful micropropagation of pistachio. AU: Parfitt-DE; Almehdi-AA SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1994, 56: 4, 321-329; 14 ref. LA: English AB: A medium that would support excellent growth of Pistacia vera and hybrid pistachio (P. atlantica X P. integerrima) shoots was developed. Several basal medium preparations were tested and the DKW medium was selected. K, N, B and Zn concentrations were adjusted to provide optimum growth and multiplication of shoots, some of which were grown and multiplied for >2 years. The use of thidiazuron (10-9 - 10-5 M) as a growth regulator was tested, but was not beneficial. Initial experiments were hindered by significant systemic bacterial contaminants. Contamination was controlled through the use of a 2% CO2 atmosphere, increased light levels to promote photosynthesis, and the elimination of all carbon sources (sugars) from the substrate. This system gave improved shoot growth, survival when rooting, and acclimatization compared with a sucrose-based medium. Up to 88% rooting was obtained using a medium containing 1.2 X 10-5)> M IBA. IBA dips were ineffective. PT: Journal-article AN: 940303411 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0304-4238%2356%23321%234&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 586 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Separating "early-split" from "normal" pistachio nuts for removal of nuts contaminated on the tree with aflatoxin. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC; Studer-HE SO: Paper -American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers. 1993, No. 93-6050, 11 pp.; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split pistachio nuts. The hulls of early split pistachios abnormally split open several weeks before harvest making the kernel more vulnerable to the aflatoxin producing mould Aspergillus flavus. The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were found to be shell staining tendencies and ease of hull removal. Using shell staining and shell dimensions, an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of the early splits and 97% of the non split nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of the early split nuts and only 5% of the non split nuts from the rest of the samples. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 942401073 Record 587 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Fertilizer nitrogen and boron uptake, storage, and allocation vary during the alternate-bearing cycle in pistachio trees. AU: Weinbaum-SA; Picchioni-GA; Muraoka-TT; Ferguson-L; Brown-PH SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1994, 119: 1, 24-31; 48 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of alternate bearing on recovery and loss of isotopically labelled fertilizer N and B and on the accumulation of carbohydrate and N reserves were assessed in mature pistachio cv. Kerman trees over 5 years. Total recovery of labelled fertilizer N applied once (in late Jan.) was _60% greater if applied to trees entering an "off" than an "on" year, with respect to fruiting. Eleven percent more labelled B was recovered in off- than on-year trees. Five times more N (1 vs. 0.2 kg N) was lost from the tree in fruits and senescent leaflets from on- than off-year trees. In dormant trees, 144 and 22% more starch and N reserves, respectively, were present after off than on years. Thus, on-year trees were characterized by a reproductive demand for N and carbohydrates, reduced accumulation of C and N (storage) reserves in perennial tree parts, and reduced recovery of Jan.-applied labelled fertilizer N than off-year trees. As B was absorbed passively, the 43% larger leaf area per tree and increased root growth probably contributed to its increased uptake during off years. The enhanced labelled N recovery in early spring from trees entering their off year preceded fruit and seed development in on-year trees. The differential tree capacity for nutrient uptake in spring may have been conditioned in the previous rather than the current year. The increased uptake of labelled N by trees entering an off year (i.e. emerging from an on year) was associated with lower levels of carbohydrate and N reserves than for on-year trees that had just completed an off year. PT: Journal-article AN: 940304356 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 588 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Development of Aspergillus molds in litter from pistachio trees. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1994, 78: 4, 393-397; 31 ref. LA: English AB: Aspergillus moulds frequently infested, infected and sporulated on pistachio litter such as fallen pistachio fruit and male inflorescences throughout the summer in commercial pistachio orchards in California, USA. A. niger was isolated much more frequently from pistachio litter than any other species, but the aflatoxin producers, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, also developed in pistachio litter. Two distinct strains of A. flavus were isolated: strain L (a few large sclerotia) and strain S (abundant small sclerotia). Strain L occurred substantially more often than strain S. All isolates of strain S and A. parasiticus were aflatoxin producers, but only 43% of the isolates of strain L produced aflatoxins. Other species isolated in the subgenus Circumdati were A. tamarii, A. melleus, A. ochraceus, A. japonicus and A. wentii. It is suggested that the development of Aspergillus moulds in pistachio litter could increase the amount of Aspergillus inoculum in the orchard, resulting in greater numbers of mouldy and mycotoxin-contaminated pistachio nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 942305283 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 589 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Occurrence of Sclerotinia and Botrytis shoot blights on pistachio in California. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP SO: Plant-Disease. 1994, 78: 6, 641; 1 ref. LA: English AB: Sclerotinia shoot blight, caused by S. sclerotiorum, was first recorded in 1986 in 2 commercial pistachio orchards in the San Joaquin Valley and in 3 orchards in the Sacramento Valley in California, USA. Isolations from blighted current-growth shoots from 9 surveyed orchards revealed S. sclerotiorum (5 orchards) or B. cinerea in all orchards. As symptoms were the same and no distinguishing signs were present to separate the 2 causal organisms it is concluded that isolations from blighted twigs is required for a correct diagnosis. PT: Journal-article AN: 942306809 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 590 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Respiration rate and ethylene production in inflorescence buds of pistachio in relation to alternate bearing. AU: Vemmos-SN; Pontikis-CA; Tolza-Marioli-AP SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1994, 57: 1-2, 165-172; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Respiration rate and ethylene production were measured in inflorescence buds and the surrounding tissue on fruiting and non-fruiting trees of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Aegenes). The buds from fruiting trees had higher respiration rates than non-fruiting ones, before and during the abscission period. In contrast, ethylene production in buds was not significantly different between fruiting and non-fruiting trees. The results indicate that in inflorescence buds, increased respiration precedes their abscission, and that endogenous ethylene production is not related to bud abscission in pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 940308081 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0304-4238%2357%23165%231-2&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 591 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Pistachio cultivars and prospects for improvement. AU: Parfitt-D SO: Annual-report -Northern-Nut-Growers'-Association. 1990, No. 81, 132-134; 10 ref. PB: University of Nebraska; Lincoln; USA LA: English AB: Breeding work with Pistacia vera in California, USA, is reported under the following headings: improvement by selection; importance of breeding programmes; breeding objectives; breeding resistant genotypes; and breeding essentials (outlining the essential requirements for an effective breeding effort). PT: Annual-report AN: 941607831 Record 592 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Aspergillus molds and aflatoxins in pistachio nuts in California. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ SO: Phytopathology. 1994, 84: 6, 583-590; 38 ref. LA: English AB: A total of 14 Aspergillus species was isolated from the kernels of pistachio nuts, mainly early splits, from 11 commercial orchards in California, USA, in 1991 and 1992. Early splits are atypical nuts that have split hulls, exposing the kernel to invasion by moulds and insects (normal nuts have intact hulls). A. niger was the only Aspergillus species that occurred frequently (in 30% of kernels from early splits). However, A. flavus or A. parasiticus (potential producers of aflatoxins) were found in early splits from most orchards, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus (potential producers of ochratoxins) were found in all orchards. Aflatoxins were detected in early splits from 6 of 9 orchards in 1991 and 5 of 8 orchards in 1992. Early splits with rough, shrivelled hulls had more than twice the A. niger infection and more than 3 times as much A. flavus or A. parasiticus infection as early splits with smooth hulls. The rough early splits had >99% of all the aflatoxins detected. Kernels infested by the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) had substantially more infections caused by A. niger, A. flavus or A. parasiticus, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus, and had 84% of all aflatoxins detected. The hulls of early splits frequently had low levels of aflatoxin. Hull rupture due to damage by birds or to cracking resulted in kernels infected by low levels of Aspergillus moulds. Fortunately, the pistachio nuts most likely to have mould and aflatoxin contamination, rough early splits infested with navel orangeworm, had several physical characteristics (weight, size, shell discoloration, hull appearance) distinct from normal nuts that could facilitate removal during processing. PT: Journal-article AN: 942307662 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 593 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Physical properties of pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC; Studer-HE SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1994, 37: 3, 913-918; Presented as ASAE Paper No. 93-6050; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split pistachio nuts. The hulls of early split pistachios abnormally split open several weeks before harvest, making the kernel more vulnerable to the aflatoxin producing mould Aspergillus flavus. The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were found to be shell staining and hull adhesion tendencies. Using shell stain characteristics and shell dimensions, an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of the early splits and 97% of the normal nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early split nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of the early split nuts and only 5% of the non-split nuts from the rest of the samples. Nut mass, length, width, and height are significantly different between early split nuts and normal nuts; however, these properties cannot be used to accurately classify the nuts into split types. PT: Journal-article AN: 942402046 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 594 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: In vitro propagation of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Yang-ZH; Ludders-P SO: Gartenbauwissenschaft. 1994, 59: 1, 30-34; 2 pl.; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Shoot tips and nodal bud segments of pistachio were cultured on MS medium, MS with half-strength macronutrients, G medium, Gamborg's B5 medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM), supplemented with plant growth regulators. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg BA + 0.1 mg IBA/litre resulted in significantly better shoot formation than the other media, yielding 2.16 shoots/explant. G medium supplemented with 0.5 mg BA + 0.1 mg IBA/litre gave the longest shoot length (0.71 cm). On MS medium, IBA was significantly more effective in promoting shoot formation than NAA, while NAA gave the best shoot elongation. Shoot tip necrosis occurred on media with IAA, IBA or NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully established in vivo in a greenhouse. PT: Journal-article AN: 940310663 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 595 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Irrigation response of old pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kanber-R; Kirda-C; Yazar-A; Onder-S; Koksal-H SO: Doga,-Turk-Tarim-ve-Ormancilik-Dergisi. 1993, 17: 3, 659-671; 1 fig.; 13 ref. LA: English LS: Turkish AB: In trials conducted from 1979 to 1983 on a Calcixerolic Xerocrepts soil, 35- to 40-year-old pistachio cv. Gaziantep trees received irrigation at 20- or 30-day intervals. Controls received no irrigation. Irrigation increased fruit yield and reduced alternate bearing. With irrigation at 20-day intervals, a 3-year average (1979, 1981 and 1983) for fruit yield in on-yielding years was 57.1 kg/tree, compared with 34.5 kg/tree for controls. Irrigation did not affect fruit quality characteristics, such as nut weight and split nut percentage. With frequent irrigation, root activity occurred nearer the soil surface than with less frequent irrigation. PT: Journal-article AN: 940311262 Record 596 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of two pistachio cultivars as affected by boron and nitrogen application. AU: Sepaskhah-AR; Maftoun-M SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1994, 17: 1, 155-171; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The combined effects of N rates of 0, 50, 100 or 150 µg/g soil and B rates of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 µg/g soil on the growth and chemical composition of pistachio cultivars Kale-ghoochi (semi-tolerant of B toxicity) and Badami (very sensitive to B toxicity) were studied in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. The application of 20 µg B/g had beneficial effects on leaf growth in Kale-ghoochi. The toxic effect of B application >40 µg/g on pistachio growth was alleviated by application of 50 and 100 µg N/g in Kale-ghoochi and Badami, respectively. The rate of B accumulation in pistachio shoots was reduced about 39% by applying 50-150 µg N/g to Badami, and 24, 52 and 69% by applying 50, 100 and 150 µg N/g to Kale-ghoochi, respectively. Therefore, when pistachio is grown in B-enriched soils and/or is irrigated with water of relatively high B content, it is recommended that the plants be supplied with adequate N. PT: Journal-article AN: 940311327 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 597 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Models simulate U.S. pistachio prices. AU: Jolly-DA; Norris-K SO: California-Agriculture. 1992, 46: 3, 14-16; 5 tab., 2 fig. LA: English AB: Acreage and production of the US pistachio industry have grown dramatically since 1979. Pistachio production shows a distinctly alternate bearing pattern (large crops are followed by small crops), rendering marketing strategies more problematic. The analysis in this paper examined trends in acreage and output and made short-term projections of output based on a projections model. To guage the impact of increased domestic supply and alternative levels of imports, a price estimation model was developed to simulate a range of price outcomes at various levels of domestic production and imports. The simulation model showed that price oscillations could be modulated by changes in the level of carryover. Because there is no marketing order for pistachios in the USA, it would, in practice, be challenging to set enforceable targets for marketings and carryovers. The industry needs to anticipate the larger crops that are being projected and to plan for increased storage capacity in order to enhance prices during an abundant year. PT: Journal-article AN: 931803127 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 598 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Effects of temperature and wetness duration on infection of pistachio by Botryosphaeria dothidea and management of disease by reducing duration of irrigation. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP SO: Phytopathology. 1992, 82: 12, 1399-1406; 26 ref. LA: English AB: The opt. temp. for growth of B. dothidea, the cause of B. panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, were 27-30°C on potato-dextrose agar. The opt. temp. for pycnidiospore germination were 24-36°. Pycnidiospores that germinated at 36-39° failed to develop colonies. Opt. temp. for disease development on artificially inoculated fruit were 27-33° and for development of pycnidial initials and pycnidia on fruit, 30°. The latent period for pycnidial development on pistachio fruit naturally infected by B. dothidea was shorter at 33° than at 10-27°. Pycnidia did not develop at 6° and formed on only about 17% of the fruit at 10°. Field-inoculated pistachio leaves kept wet continuously for 0-72 h developed no disease at wetness durations of 0-6 h; durations of 9-12 h or longer resulted in symptoms and increased disease severity. Ninety-seven and 100% of the inoculated leaves had lesions, approximately 25 and 48% of them showing more than 10 lesions per leaf after 48 and 72 h of wetness duration, respectively. Disease incidence of leaves was best described by a third-order polynomial regression equation. Cluster blight, fruit with pycnidia, and leaf (0.4-6.0%) and petiole blight (15-84.4%) occurred only after 18 h of wetness and increased linearly with wetness durations of 18-72 h. In field experiments, 2 to 4 additional 12-h wetness periods after an initial 12-h infection period interrupted by 12-h dry periods resulted in greater disease incidence and severity on leaves. Reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation from 24 to 12 h in 1 orchard in Butte County resulted in reduction of the disease (infected fruit) from 31 to 20% (P = 0.10), from 60 to 48% (P = 0.08), and from 62 to 19% (P <0.01)in 1989, 1990 and 1991, respectively. In addition, reducing duration of sprinkler irrigation in the same orchard to 12 h resulted in significantly lower incidence and severity of infected leaves compared with leaves from trees irrigated for 24 h. Similarly, in 1991 in a second orchard, reduction of duration of sprinkler irrigation from 48 to 24 h significantly lowered the incidence and the severity of leaves infected by B. dothidea. PT: Journal-article AN: 932329854 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 599 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Fat content and fatty acid composition in individual seeds of pistachio varieties grown in Turkey. AU: Garcia-JM; Agar-IT; Streif-J SO: Gartenbauwissenschaft. 1992, 57: 3, 130-133; 20 ref. LA: English LS: German AB: In a study of 8 cultivars, kernel percentage ranged from 40.6% in Vahidi to 53.6% in Antep. Moisture content was 3.4-4.2%, with no significant differences. Internal kernel colour, measured as a + b values with a Minolta chromometer, ranged from 10.4 in Ohadi to 32.6 in Sefidi. Palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acid (7.2-10.5%) followed by stearic acid (0.9-2.5%). The main monounsaturated acid was oleic acid (54.4-71.8%), with only traces of palmitoleic acid. Linoleic acid was the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (16.7-35.3%), with less than 2% linolenic acid. Three groups of cultivars with different fatty acid compositions and different levels of oleic desaturase were identified. PT: Journal-article AN: 930320351 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 600 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: First report of two eriophyid mites from pistachio in Kerman and Yazd. AU: Mehrnegad-MR; Daneshvar-H SO: Applied-Entomology-and-Phytopathology. 1991, 58: 1-2, 55. LA: Persian LS: English AB: Aceria stefanii is reported from Iran for the first time. Low populations of the mite were found on leaves and buds of pistachios in Sirjan. A. pistaciae was recorded from buds, flowers and nuts in 90% of pistachio plantations in Kerman and Yazd. PT: Journal-article AN: 931177742 Record 601 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Determination of the country of origin of pistachio nuts by DSC and HPLC. AU: Dyszel-SM; Pettit-BC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society. 1990, 67: 12, 947-951; 11 ref. LA: English PT: Journal-article AN: 930323869 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 602 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: In vitro propagation of pistachio (Pistachio vera L. cv. Mateur). Effects of culture media. AU: Abousalim-A SO: Actes-de-l'Institut-Agronomique-et-Veterinaire-Hassan-II. 1991, 11: 3, 23-26; 13 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic, French AB: The growth of nodal explants was investigated on the following culture media: MS, Knop, Woody Plant and Anderson media. Cultures were incubated for 4 weeks. Callus formation and shoot multiplication were greatest on MS medium (100% callus formation and 88.9% multiple shoot formation), although there were more faintly chlorotic leaves than on other media. There were few differences between the other media. The lowest incidence of medium browning (16.7%) occurred on MS medium. After a further 4-week subculture with MS micronutrients + MS or Anderson macronutrients, shoot multiplication was again greater with MS nutrients. PT: Journal-article AN: 930324034 Record 603 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Allergy to Pistachio nuts. AU: Jansen-A; Lijster-de-Raadt-J-de; Toorenenbergen-AW-van; Wijk-RG-van; De-Lijster-de-Raadt-J; Van-Toorenenbergen-AW; Van-Wijk-RG SO: Allergy-Proceedings. 1992, 13: 5, 255-258; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Case reports of 3 patients with adverse food reactions to pistachio nuts and mango are presented. Specific IgE against these tropical stone fruits of the Anacardiaceae family could be demonstrated, indicating type I allergic reactions. Methods are described to detect these specific antibodies in a reproducible way. PT: Journal-article AN: 931463643 Record 604 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: Shorter sprinkler irrigations reduce Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio. AU: Michailides-TJ; Morgan-DP; Grant-JA; Olson-WH SO: California-Agriculture. 1992, 46: 6, 28-32. LA: English AB: The incidence of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, caused by B. dothidea, was favoured by high temp. (80-85°F) and wetness periods lasting >12 h. In 2 commercial pistachio orchards in the Sacromento and San Joaquin valleys, California, disease incidence was reduced by shortening sprinkler irrigations from 24 to 12 h and from 48 to 24 h, respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 932336439 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 605 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 TI: The pistachio chalcid. AU: Vasil'-eva-EA SO: Zashchita-Rastenii-Moskva. 1991, No. 8, 34. LA: Russian AB: Brief descriptions are given of all stages of Megastigmus pistaciae, which is widespread in the Crimea, Transcaucasia and Central Asia, and a short account is given of its biology and injuriousness in the Crimea, where up to 100 and up to 70% of fruits are damaged on turkterebinth and common pistachio [Pistacea mutica and P. vera], resp. Damaged seeds fail to germinate. It overwinters in the seeds as mature larvae, and adults of the 2 annual generations emerge in early July and from late June to late September. A eupelmid, a pteromalid and 2 eurytomids parasitise the torymid. Isolating seed fruits with coarse calico during the flight period resulted in complete protection. PT: Journal-article AN: 931182174 Record 606 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: Boron uptake and effects on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pistachio seedlings. AU: Picchioni-GA; Miyamoto-S; Storey-JB SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1991, 116: 4, 706-711; 36 ref. LA: English AB: Seedlings of the pistachio rootstocks Pistacia atlantica, P. terebinthus and P. integerrima X P. atlantica and of the scion cultivar Kerman were grown in calcareous sandy loam irrigated with solutions containing 0-15 mg B/litre in a greenhouse. B application reduced seedling growth of P. atlantica and P. terebinthus during the 10.5 months of treatment. Growth of P. terebinthus was greater than that of P. atlantica at all B rates. B application for 9 months had no effect on the growth of cv. Kerman seedlings. In all species, the leaf B concentration increased linearly as the B concentration of the soil saturation extract increased; leaf B concentration was greater in P. terebinthus than in P. atlantica but was greatest in pistachio cv. Kerman. B toxicity appeared initially as interveinal chlorosis and apical necrosis of 1-month-old, fully expanded leaflets of the rootstock species. By 4 months, symptoms in some treatments advanced to severe necrosis of leaflets. B application increased the concentrations of total leaf sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and root starch, decreased root glucose concentrations and had no effect on other root carbohydrates in Kerman seedlings. PT: Journal-article AN: 920310986 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 607 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: Rapid testing of salinity effects on pistachio seedling rootstocks. AU: Picchioni-GA; Miyamoto-S; Storey-JB SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1991, 116: 3, 555-559; 29 ref. LA: English AB: A laboratory procedure was used to evaluate salinity tolerance of pistachio rootstock species. Results were compared to those from a 2-year, outdoor lysimeter study to test reliability of the method. Excised root tips from seedlings of Pistacia atlantica, P. terebinthus (2 selections) and P. integerrima X P. atlantica (Pioneer Gold II), were exposed to laboratory solutions that simulated soil solution electrical conductivity (EC) and Na:Ca ratios in the lysimeters. Following 24 h of incubation, the efflux of ultraviolet-absorbing solutes was measured, providing an indication of cell membrane permeability. Leakage occurred with saline solutions comparable to lysimeter soil water salinity that increased leaf Na concentrations and decreased average root growth (175 mM NaCl with 12.5 mM Ca, or EC of 18.1 dS/m). Cell injury increased linearly with salinity and was highest in root tips of a P. terebinthus selection having least Na exclusion capability in the lysimeters. On average, these excised roots lost 38% more solutes than roots of a stronger Na-excluding genotype. There were no differences in leakage responses of the other species and selections. Leakage intensity was independent of various stress media, including iso-osmotic CaCl2, mannitol and the simulated Na/Ca mixtures in molar ratios of 10:1 to 20:1. With no Ca, however, damage caused by iso-osmotic NaCl was 76 to 87% higher, indicating that for these species the Na:Ca ratio can alter root cell membrane permeability. Correlation between long-term observations in the lysimeters and leakage occurrence in the laboratory indicated that solute leakage tests with roots may aid in characterizing Pistacia species rootstocks for saline conditions. PT: Journal-article AN: 921627553 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 608 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: Study of pistachio gummosis in Rafsanjan area. AU: Mirabolfathy-M; Ershad-DE; Hedjaroude-GA SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1990, 26: 1-4, 1-4 (en), 1-11 (Pe); 18 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: An av. of 2.7% of the pistachio trees in this area had been killed by gummosis in 1983. Decayed roots, crowns and surrounding soil yielded isolates identified as Phytophthora megasperma. Pathogenicity on pistachio branches and seedlings was confirmed by inoculation but the isolates were not pathogenic to 2 soyabean cultivars, lucerne, red clover or white clover. PT: Journal-article AN: 922317489 Record 609 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: Study of efficacy of some fungicides on causal agent of pistachio gummosis. AU: Mirabolfathy-M; Sharifi-Tehrani-A; Hedjaroude-GA SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1990, 26: 1-4, 19-21 (en), 47-56 (Pe); 13 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: Metalaxyl at 1 µg/ml was inhibitory to growth of Phytophthora megasperma, causing abnormal colonies with swollen hyphae. Captan at 100 µg/ml and metalaxyl at 10 µg/ml prevented zoospore formation. Fosetyl and captan at 3000 µg/ml applied as foliage sprays and metalaxyl as granules at 2 g/m2 reduced disease under greenhouse conditions. P. megasperma was frequently isolated from roots of pistachio plants treated with captan or fosetyl but not with metalaxyl. PT: Journal-article AN: 922317494 Record 610 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: The problems related to the quality of imported nut (pistachio) in Japan. AU: Nakajima-T SO: Proceedings-of-the-Japanese-Association-of-Mycotoxicology. 1990, No. 32, 35-40. LA: Japanese PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 921211638 Record 611 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1992 TI: Verticillium wilt resistance in pistachio rootstock cultivars: assays and an assessment of two interspecific hybrids. AU: Morgan-DP; Epstein-L; Ferguson-L SO: Plant-Disease. 1992, 76: 3, 310-313; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia integerrima (rootstock cv. Pioneer Gold) is resistant to V. dahliae, and P. atlantica (rootstock cv. Standard Atlantica) is susceptible in the field. Greenhouse and lab. assays that permit the differentiation of resistant and susceptible cultivars were developed. After infection of the stems of seedlings with conidia, the cultivars showed differential symptoms. After infusion of conidia into stems, V. dahliae colonized significantly fewer xylem vessels in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar. The assays and a field test were used to assess V. wilt resistance in 2 interspecific hybrid pistachio rootstock cultivars, Pioneer Gold II (PGII) and University of California at Berkeley I (UCBI). It is concluded that UCBI is moderately resistant to resistant and that PGII is moderately susceptible to susceptible in comparison with Pioneer Gold and Standard Atlantica. PT: Journal-article AN: 922317737 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 612 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Root and crown rot of pistachio tree in Damghan. AU: Mirabolfathy-M; Ershad-D; Hedjaroude-GA SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1989, 25: 1-4, 27(en), 73(Pe). LA: Persian LS: English AB: Phytophthora citrophthora was isolated from infected crowns of pistachio trees and pathogenicity confirmed on pistachio seedlings in the greenhouse. PT: Journal-article AN: 912304171 Record 613 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Inflorescence bud retention in 'Kerman' pistachio: effects of defruiting date and branch size. AU: Wolpert-JA; Ferguson-L SO: HortScience. 1990, 25: 8, 919-921; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Alternate bearing in pistachio is correlated with crop load; a heavy crop on 1-year-old wood appears to cause abscission of inflorescence buds on current wood. Removing all fruits from heavily-bearing trees before or during the period of nut growth reduced inflorescence bud loss. This relationship between crop and bud loss was affected by the fruiting status of neighbouring shoots. In fruiting trees, bud retention values on large branches (> 5.5 cm diameter) from which all fruits were removed were comparable with those of control trees with all fruits removed (50-65% bud retention). However, bud retention on smaller branches from which all fruits were removed was lower in fruiting than in control trees. Bud retention increased 2- to 6-fold in small branches when fruits were removed from neighbouring shoots. Leaf N concentration in late Aug. was positively correlated with final bud retention percentage and inversely correlated with fruiting date. PT: Journal-article AN: 910300069 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 614 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Effects of 2-naphthaleneacetic acid on alternate bearing in pistachio. AU: Pontikis-CA SO: Fruits-Paris. 1990, 45: 3, 281-285; 2 pl.; 18 ref. LA: English LS: French, Spanish AB: Alternate bearing in pistachio is due to the abscission of immature inflorescence buds during a heavy crop year. In trials during 1979-88, 40-year-old pistachio cv. Aegenes trees were sprayed with 5000 p.p.m. NAA, 1-5 times between 15 Jun. and 15 Oct. Spraying 5 times at intervals of 30 days beginning in mid-Jun. resulted in retention of 90.1% of inflorescence buds until end Mar., only 8.7% of the buds retained produced inflorescences and fruits. Fewer applications gave less bud retention. PT: Journal-article AN: 910305307 Record 615 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Salt effects on growth and ion uptake of pistachio rootstock seedlings. AU: Picchioni-GA; Miyamoto-S; Storey-JB SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1990, 115: 4, 647-653; 23 ref. LA: English AB: In lysimeter experiments at El Paso using a Bluepoint fine loamy sand, 2-month-old seedlings of Pistacia atlantica, P. terebinthus (3 selections) and P. integerrima X P. atlantica (referred to as Gold II) were flood irrigated with saline solutions with electrical conductivities ranging from 1.4 to 8.0 dS/m. After 12 weeks, seedling stem elongation was reduced by an average of 33% at a soil electrical conductivity of 12.6 dS/m (or 8.0 dS/m in the saturation extract). Gold II was the most vigorous genotype and produced the greatest biomass in the control and most saline treatments. Decreases in root and stem growth (average of all seedlings combined) occurred at a soil electrical conductivity of 13.8 dS/m (or 8.7 dS/m in the saturation extract). Increasing salinity resulted in a higher root:stem ratio, which was most pronounced in P. terebinthus. Comparatively small but significant differences in leaf Na and Cl concentrations between species and selections occurred. All species limited Na transport to leaf tissue until the soil solution contained >125 meq Na/litre, storing the greatest amount in roots. Chloride concentrations on a dry weight basis were substantially higher in leaves than in roots. Increasing salinity did not affect leaf K and Mg concentrations, whereas Ca was significantly reduced. Leaf Na and Cl concentrations of P. atlantica and P. terebinthus showed significant correlation with soil solution Na and Cl concentrations. PT: Journal-article AN: 910398251 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 616 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: An ecological study on the pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii) (Licht.) (Homoptera, Psyllidae), in Mosul region, Iraq. AU: Mohammed-MA; Sheet-AI SO: Arab-Journal-of-Plant-Protection. 1989, 7: 2, 138-142; 9 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: The ecology of the aphalarid Agonoscena targionii was studied in Iraq during 1987-88 on pistachios. The percentage infestation varied from 25 to 78% in different regions. The pest occurred between the 2nd week of May and the 4th week of October, with peak abundance during the 4th week of September. Adults overwintered under bark until the end of April. The 4th- and 5th-instar nymphs were attacked by a ceratopogonid parasitoid. Parasitism ranged from 1.2 to 15.9%. Irrigation affected the populations of nymphs and eggs. The average number of nymphs with irrigation every 3 days was 88.2/10 leaves, and 39 and 25 nymphs/10 leaves with irrigation at 5- and 7-day intervals, resp. The corresponding numbers of eggs were 118.6, 105 and 55.6/10 leaves. PT: Journal-article AN: 911178933 Record 617 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: The 'Achilles heel' of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides-TJ SO: California-Agriculture. 1989, 43: 5, 10-11. LA: English AB: Damage in California to pistachios, especially at the stem end of green fruits, by 12 species of Hemiptera, but especially Calocoris norvegicus, Neurocolpus longirostris, Psallus ancorifer, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Thyanta pallidovirens, Leptoglossus clypealis and Phytocoris spp., is reported. Experiments in 1985-86 showed that, although increased pericarp firmness provides some defence against feeding by several species, a small area around the stem hardens later and is thus vulnerable to bug punctures for a longer time. Pistachios require protection from small Hemiptera until at least as late as the beginning of June and from pentatomids and coreids until harvest. PT: Journal-article AN: 911178990 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 618 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: The Australian pistachio 'Sirora'. AU: Maggs-DH SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1990, 44: 4, 178-179; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Sirora was developed from a selection of Red Aleppo. It is similar to Kerman but is slightly smaller and with curled leaves. It is late flowering, usually synchronizing with Group 4 males, and ripens about 8 days before Kerman. Fruits have a red colouring similar to Red Aleppo. Air dried dehulled nuts weigh 110g/100 nuts (those of Kerman weigh 120-140 g) and measure 18 mm long, 12 mm back to front and 11 mm wide. The suture is only slightly thickened. Mature kernels are green, a character associated with superior flavour. Sirora has higher yields than Kerman. PT: Journal-article AN: 911621092 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 619 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Susceptibility of pistachio male cultivars to Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea. AU: Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1991, 75: 4, 410-415; 16 ref. LA: English AB: The pistachio (Pistacia vera) male cultivars 02-16 and 02-18 showed higher levels of blossom and shoot blight caused by B. cinerea, had more inflorescences 1 month after flowering, and retained more inflorescences 10 months after flowering than did the cultivar Peters. When shoots were inoculated, more shoots of 02-16 and 02-18 than of Peters became blighted, and significantly larger cankers developed. Inoculation of inflorescences with either a spore suspension or mycelial plugs of B. cinerea caused more shoots on 02-16 than on Peters to become blighted, and cankers that originated from the inoculated inflorescences were significantly larger on 02-16. In both experiments (inoculation of shoots and inflorescences), the cultivar 02-18 was intermediate in susceptibility to infection by B. cinerea. Agar media amended with ground, unwashed or washed inflorescences of 02-16 supported better growth and sporulation of B. cinerea than media amended with unwashed or washed inflorescences of Peters. The inflorescences of 02-16 and 02-18 are significantly larger, contain more pollen grains, retain significantly more water and dry more slowly than those of Peters. Saturated inflorescences of 02-16 and 02-18 required 4 d to dry to 1-2% moisture, compared with 2 d for inflorescences of Peters. In addition, inflorescences of 02-16 and 02-18 are bulkier and more firmly attached to the supporting shoots than are those of Peters. It is concluded that the greater susceptibility of 02-16 and 02-18 to infections by B. cinerea stems from more extensive colonization of shoots, more available infection sites that are richer in nutrients, and more favourable conditions for infection. PT: Journal-article AN: 912308262 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 620 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Effects of sustained deficit irrigation on pistachio tree performance. AU: Goldhamer-DA; Phene-BC; Beede-R; Scherlin-L; Mahan-S; Rose-D SO: Proceedings of the 4th International Micro-Irrigation Congress, October 23-28, 1988, Albury-Wodonga, Australia. Volume I. 1988, 4B-1; 2 ref. PB: International Micro-Irrigation Congress Secretariat; Parkville, Victoria; Australia LA: English PT: Conference-paper AN: 910306666 Record 621 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Effect of Calocoris norvegicus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on pistachio yields. AU: Purcell-M; Welter-SC SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1991, 84: 1, 114-119; 15 ref. LA: English AB: Exposure of pistachio nut clusters to adults of Calocoris norvegicus during different periods of pistachio nut development showed that the period of susceptibility occurred between nut set and shell hardening, or between early April and early June. Correlation of pistachio nut development with degree-days accumulated after 75% bloom in 1987 predicted shell hardening to occur within 2 days of observed shell hardening in 1988. Abortion rates of pistachio nuts exposed to C. norvegicus for 1 week were not significantly higher those in unexposed nut clusters. However, rates of epicarp lesion in the exposed clusters were significantly higher, which would lead to nut abortion and potential yield losses within a few weeks after exposure to C. norvegicus. The effect of C. norvegicus on yields of pistachios in the Sacramento Valley was determined by creating 4 levels of epicarp lesion damage. Among different levels of damage, epicarp lesion ranged from 4 to 48%. The number of nuts remaining on the clusters was significantly reduced in the highest damage level. Regression of percentage epicarp lesion with pistachio yields at harvest indicated that 31% of the variation in yield was explained by epicarp lesion due to C. norvegicus. The timing of insecticide treatments before the adult phase of C. norvegicus was shown to be an important means of protecting pistachios from extensive early season damage. PT: Journal-article AN: 911156636 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 622 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Pathogenicity, distribution, sources of inoculum, and infection courts of Botryosphaeria dothidea on pistachio. AU: Michailides-TJ SO: Phytopathology. 1991, 81: 5, 566-573; 24 ref. LA: English AB: A panicle and shoot blight disease caused by B. dothidea is reported for the first time on pistachio in California, USA. The disease was prevalent in northern counties (Butte, Tehama and Glenn) and sporadic in southern counties (Madera, Fresno, Kings and Kern). In early spring, symptoms of panicle and shoot blight resulted from continued activity of the pathogen in buds infected the previous summer and autumn. Shoot blight symptoms included dark brown to black lesions at the base of current-season shoots, followed by the wilting and drying of leaves, which remained attached to their shoots. Panicle and shoot infections caused perennial cankers. The infection of petioles, leaves, fruit and rachises was evidenced by expanding lesions, which resulted in the death of the structures involved. The infection of panicles usually occurred at the base, causing fruit to shrivel and remain on the tree even after mechanical shaking for harvest. Current-season shoots and panicles were susceptible to artificial inoculations throughout the growing season. Infected rachises, petioles, fruit and leaf blades were retained longer on the tree than corresponding healthy plant parts and provided inoculum (pycnidiospores) for winter and spring infections. In addition, pycnidia that had formed on current-season infected rachises, fruit, blighted shoots, petioles and leaf lesions provided inoculum for summer and autumn infections. Moreover, the fungus remained active as mycelium in perennial shoot cankers. Light and SEM indicated that germ tubes of conidia of B. dothidea entered through the stomata of the upper or lower surfaces of leaves, rachises and shoots, and also through the lenticels on pistachio fruit. PT: Journal-article AN: 912310757 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 623 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Genetic diversity of walnut, pistachio, and almond at Davis NCGR. AU: Almehdi-AA; Parfitt-DE SO: Annual-Report --Northern-Nut-Growers'-Association. 1989, publ. 1990, No. 80, 25-29; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) at Davis maintains collections of Vitis, Prunus, Juglans, Pistacia, Ficus, Olea, Diospyros, Actinidia and Punica. An outline is given of the work of the NCGR with reference to Juglans (over 1200 accessions representing 16 species) and the closely related genus Pterocarya (5 species), Pistacia (12 species) and almond (Prunus dulcis and 6 related species). Details are given of propagation, phytosanitary and in vitro and pollen storage techniques. PT: Journal-article AN: 911624039 Record 624 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Photosynthetic rates and solute partitioning in relation to growth of salt-treated pistachio plants. AU: Walker-RR; Torokfalvy-E; Behboudian-MH SO: Australian-Journal-of-Plant-Physiology. 1988, 15: 6, 787-798; 25 ref. LA: English AB: Seedlings of Pistacia vera cv. Kerman were grown in a porous medium under glasshouse conditions and treated for up to 5 weeks with 0.5 (control), 100 or 175 mol Cl-/m3 in irrigation water, with accompanying cations Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the molar ratio 6:1:1. Salinity treatments were raised to the respective levels by daily increments of 25 mol. Shoot growth was decreased by 100 mol Cl-/m3 and ceased during treatment with 175 mol/m3. Turgor was maintained in expanding leaves during and after the period of incremental increase in salinity up to the maximum of 175 mol/m3. There was an increase in sucrose and reducing sugar concentrations on a tissue water basis in expanding leaves of plants after 2 days of treatment with 175 mol Cl-/m3 but only a marginal increase in Cl- and Na+. Extension rates and final lengths of successively emerging leaves decreased with duration of treatment with 175 mol/m3. Emergence of new leaves eventually ceased on these plants. Bulk leaf Cl- and Na+ concentrations of expanded 42-day-old leaves after treatment of plants for 35 days with 175 mol treatment were 255 and 142 mol/m3, respectively, but despite these concentrations photosynthetic rates were not reduced. There was an increase in proline and a decrease in shikimic acid in these leaves. Rates of water vapour loss per unit leaf area of whole plants did not differ markedly between control and salt (175 mol Cl-/m3)-treated plants after 40 days of salt treatment. The salt-stressed plants accumulated higher sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem and higher concentrations of sucrose, reducing sugars and starch in the main root. Total carbohydrate concentrations were also marginally higher in the root tips of salt-treated plants. These data indicate that photosynthetic rate of expanded leaves, photoassimilate supply to, water relations of, and Cl- and Na+ concentrations of expanding leaves are unlikely to be responsible for the growth reduction of pistachio plants observed at relatively high salinities. PT: Journal-article AN: 900358652 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 625 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Control of plant parasitic nematodes associated with apple and pistachio trees in Baluchistan. AU: Maqbool-MA; Qasim-M; Maqbool-MA (ed.); Golden-AM (ed.); Ghaffar-A (ed.); Krusberg-LR (ed.) SO: Advances-in-plant-nematology. 1988, 271-274; Proceedings of the U.S.-Pakistan International Workshop on Plant Nematology, April 6-8, 1986, Karachi, Pakistan; 7 ref. PB: National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan LA: English AB: Nine plant parasitic nematodes were found associated with apple, almond, peach, plum, pistachio and grapes in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. Of these, Helicotylenchus indicus, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. penetrans and Scutylenchus quettensis were found in high frequency and could be of economic importance. Application of aldicarb (10 g a.i./tree) or carbofuran (20 g a.i./tree) to apple and pistachio (Pistacia vera) orchards reduced nematode populations by 80-90%. PT: Conference-paper AN: 901139188 Record 626 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: First report of Septoria leaf spot of pistachio in Arizona. AU: Young-DJ; Michailides-TJ SO: Plant-Disease. 1989, 73: 9, 775; 2 ref. LA: English AB: During Jul.-Sep. 1986 in Arizona S. pistaciarum was detected on Kerman and Peters pistachio leaves. Symptoms were only observed during wet weather. A survey in Sep. 1988 of the pistachio-growing area (c. 800 ha in southeastern Arizona) indicated that the disease is widespread on Pistacia vera leaves but not on those of P. atlantica or P. terebinthus. PT: Journal-article AN: 901175158 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 627 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Lower Lepidoptera, connected with pistachio on the southern slope of the Gissar Range. AU: Sherniyazova-RM SO: Izvestiya-Akademii-Nauk-Tadzhikskoi-SSR,-Biologicheskikh-Nauk. 1988, No. 2, 25-28; 5 ref. LA: Russian LS: Tajik AB: A list is given of 12 species of Lepidoptera found on pistachio on the southern slopes of the Gissarskiy Mts., Tajikistan, USSR, between 1969 and 1987, with notes on their food specialization, cyclicity and harmfulness. Recurvaria pistaciicola [Schneidereria pistaciicola] was the most serious pest, especially the larvae in the first generation, causing at least 50% reduction in crop yield. PT: Journal-article AN: 901181622 Record 628 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Forecasts of grass yield in Badkhyz pistachio. AU: Gannibal-BK SO: Problems-of-Desert-Development. 1988, No. 2, 71-74; translated from Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn (1988) No.2, 68-71; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The grass cover of sparse Pistacia vera groves is mostly used as rangeland and more rarely for hay, it grows between autumn and spring, and >80% of the aboveground biomass consists of Carex pachystylis and Poa bulbosa. Growth usually began in Nov.-Dec. after the onset of the rains, but herbage yields in Apr. were not closely correlated with the total rainfall. There was a linear relationship between yields in Apr. and the amount of precipitation >50 mm between 20 Oct. and 10 Dec. Yields were also correlated with the date of appearance of the first new grass and sedge leaves. The amplitude of daily air temp. in Nov. was also correlated with yields in Apr.; amplitudes of 14-18°C gave poor yields and 8-12° good yields. PT: Journal-article AN: 900733513 Record 629 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Rate of destructive processes in Badkhyz pistachio groves. AU: Chertov-OG; Men'-shikova-GP SO: Problems-of-Desert-Development. 1988, No. 3, 59-65; Translated from Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn (1988) 3 57-63; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Data are presented on humus mineralization rates in typical and light serozems of pistachio groves in Turkmen SSR, USSR. Humus formation from litter and roots accounted for only 7% of the humus used in mineralization. Assuming sucking roots fully decompose in the same season, their total annual production in the 10 cm soil layer was estimated at 43.5 kg/m2 beneath the pistachio crown and 18.8 kg/m2 in the space between crowns. The high mineralization rates lead to degradation of the soil organic matter and prevent rapid restoration of the vegetation. PT: Journal-article AN: 901943609 Record 630 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Dieback of pistachio branches caused by Botryosphaeria ribis. OT: Un disseccamento dei rami di pistacchio causato da Botryosphaeria ribis. AU: Corazza-L; Chilosi-G; Avanzato-D SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale. 1986, 11: 95-98; 8 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: The conidial form of B. ribis was isolated from plants with a severe dieback of terminal branches in a collection of pistachio cultivars and selections near Rome. PT: Journal-article AN: 901145259 Record 631 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Pistachio growing in Bronte (Catania), an ancient agricultural activity possible among the mountains. OT: La pistacchicoltura di Bronte (Catania) antica e intramontabile attivita agricola. AU: Alberghina-O SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1989, 45: 29, 57-60; 5 col. pl., Convention on pistachio, Bronte, 8-9 October, 1988. LA: Italian AB: A general discussion of the cultural background, current growing methods and prospects. Tree nutrition is adequate but water is scarce; irrigation could double yields. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 900361030 Record 632 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991 TI: Preparation of activated carbons from pistachio nut shells. AU: Abe-I; Tatsumoto-H; Ikuta-N; Kawafune-I SO: Chemistry-Express. 1990, 5: 3, 177-180; 4 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English PT: Journal-article AN: 900300178 Record 633 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bod.), a pistachio tree scale pest producing honeydew foraged by bees in Greece. AU: Santas-LA SO: Entomologia-Hellenica. 1985, 3: 1, 29-33; Ba. LA: English LS: Greek AB: The life cycle of this soft scale insect (Coccidae) is described. In Greece it is not a serious pest of Pistacia vera; its populations are kept low by sprays applied against other pests. The scale insects produce honeydew from early April until mid-June and again from August to October. Honeybees collect this honeydew mainly in May and early June, but beekeepers do not move hives into pistachio groves because pest control programmes include several spray applications to pistachio trees during this period.P. Walker. PT: Journal-article AN: 890226480 Record 634 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Seedling growth and chemical composition of three pistachio cultivars as affected by soil applied boron. AU: Sepaskhah-AR; Maftoun-M; Yasrebi-J SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 63: 4, 743-749; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of 6 B levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mug/g of soil) on the growth and chemical composition of the cultivars Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi were studied in an arid calcareous soil under glasshouse conditions. B at 0.31 mug/ml in the soil saturation extract was adequate for normal growth of Badami and Fandoghi seedlings. Consequently, their aerial growth was either unaffected or suppressed by the B treatments. However, shoot growth of Kale-ghoochi was increased by low B and markedly reduced at the highest B level. The toxic B levels in shoots required for growth suppression were 8.9, 38 and 95 mug/g DW for Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi, respectively. The B levels in the soil saturation extract associated with retarded shoot growth were 0.37, 0.61 and 1.5 mug/ml for Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi, respectively, and those for root growth suppression were, 0.24, 0.20 and 0.43 mug/ml, respectively. Based on these results, Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi could be considered as very sensitive, sensitive and semi-tolerant, respectively, to B toxicity. PT: Journal-article AN: 890354115 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 635 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Nutrient status of pistachio grown in South-East Anatolia. OT: Antepfistigi besin kapsamlarinin belirlenmesi uzerine arastirmalar. AU: Tekin-H; Genc-C; Kuru-C; Akkok-F SO: Bahce. 1985 publ. 1988, 14: 1-2, 47-57; 25 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Leaf and soil samples were collected from 30 orchards at 3 different locations. The reddish-brown soils of the area were mostly shallow. Twenty percent of the area had A, B and C horizons whilst 34% had only the A horizon. The soils were of medium to high alkalinity with a loamy texture. They had high CaCO3, low organic matter and P, and medium K and Mg, contents. There was no salinity problem in the region. Leaf P, Zn and Fe contents were generally low and leaf K contents were below the optimum level. PT: Journal-article AN: 890391750 Record 636 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Low temperature storage of pistachio pollen. AU: Polito-VS; Luza-JG SO: Euphytica. 1988, 39: 3, 265-269; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Pollen from 4 male Pistacia vera clones was stored at -196 and -20°C for up to 12 months and tested for ability to germinate in vitro following a period of hydration at high humidity. Germination of fresh pollen was high (>80%) for each clone. At -196°C, pollen of cv. Peters survived freezing, storage and thawing with no loss of germinability; pollen of the other 3 clones had sharp declines in germination. When the relative humidity of the -20°C storage environment was maintained at or near 33%, Peters pollen had a high rate of germination for up to 12 months storage. Without control of relative humidity, Peters pollen germination was high at 4 months, but declined at 12 months. Germination requirements became more exacting for pollen stored at -20°C for 12 months under suboptimal humidity conditions. Pollen of the other 3 clones did not tolerate storage at -20°C as well as Peters pollen regardless of the storage humidity environment. PT: Journal-article AN: 891604622 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 637 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Reducing costs and energy consumption in pistachio nut drying. AU: Chen-HD; Thompson-JF; Singh-RP; Rumsey-T SO: Proceedings of the 61st annual University of California rural energy conference, 11 January 1989. 1989, 37-43; 2 ref. PB: University of California; Davis, California; USA LA: English AB: The equations and relationships used in the computer simulation of deep bed drying of pistachio nuts are presented and experiments conducted in a pot-hole drier are described. Computer simulation showed a reasonably good agreement with experimental results. An energy consumption analysis was done using computer simulation. Energy requirements for drying to 3 final m.c. were calculated. Drying is generally stopped when the top m.c. reaches 5% but this causes the batch as a whole to be overdried and resulted in unnecessary energy consumption. If drying is stopped when the top m.c. reaches 9.5% and the av. m.c. is 6% this would cut energy consumption by 20%. A 2 stage drying process involved a heated air operation and then transfer to large holding bins where drying is finished with unheated or low temp. air; this reduces energy consumption by 46%. Commercial batch driers have the lowest energy use; crossflow driers have the next best efficiency; rotary drum and horizontal belt driers appear least efficient for nut drying. PT: Conference-paper AN: 892440789 Record 638 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in California. AU: Rice-RE; Michailides-TJ SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1988, 81: 5, 1446-1449; 6 ref. LA: English AB: A field survey using yellow sticky traps was carried out on the distribution and biology of Megastigmus pistaciae on pistachios in California during 1984-85. This species was present in at least 11 Californian counties. Levels of infestation ranged from 0 to 100%. Nut and sticky trap collections indicated 2 primary flight periods/year in June and August-September. PT: Journal-article AN: 891122255 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 639 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Seasonal population fluctuation of nematodes on pistachio in Baluchistan. AU: Qasim-M; Hashmi-S SO: International-Nematology-Network-Newsletter. 1988, 5: 3, 50-53; 3 ref. LA: English AB: Nematode populations peaked twice in all the 3 locations (Mustung, Pishin and Sariab) sampled in Baluchistan, Pakistan; once in March-April (18-21°C) and again in Sep.-Oct. (20-25°C). The results indicate a relationship between soil temperature and the numbers of nematodes found. Populations were lowest in Nov.-Dec. (14°C) and even more so in June-July (30-32°C). Scutylenchus quettensis, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus penetrans occurred at the highest numbers at all locations. PT: Journal-article AN: 891130471 Record 640 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Longevity of pistachio pollen determined by in vitro germination. AU: Polito-VS; Luza-JG SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 113: 2, 214-217; 11 ref. LA: English AB: The germination percentages of pollen of 4 Pistacia vera clones on a range of sucrose and agar concentrations were uniformly high 2 days after anthesis, but after one week at room temperature they ranged from 0% for Elk Grove and 02-18 to 5.4% for Peters. When the week-old pollen was treated to effect gradual hydration at high humidity prior to being placed on germination medium, germination increased to >80% for Peters and to 10.4, 20.6 and 63.8% for Elk Grove, 02-18 and 02-16, respectively. Peters pollen (when hydrated at high humidity) had a germination rate at least 50% that of fresh pollen when stored up to 18 days at ambient laboratory temperature and humidity. Pollen stored at -20° showed more exacting in vitro germination requirements than fresh pollen, particularly as time in storage increased. Peters pollen retained germination levels comparable to those of fresh pollen after 4 months at -20°, but, by 12 months, germination percentages had fallen sharply. PT: Journal-article AN: 891606503 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 641 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Association of the boxelder bug (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) with epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits. AU: Michailides-TJ; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE; Sanders-RD SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1988, 81: 4, 1148-1151; 10 ref. LA: English AB: The Coreid Leptocoris trivittatus produced epicarp lesions on developing pistachio (Pistacia vera) fruit in laboratory and field studies in California in 1986. In all caged fruit clusters, feeding by the pest for 48-72 h caused doughnut-like, water-soaked, brown necrotic lesions. Internally, in immature fruits (April to early May), a white netting or web pattern appeared on the inner shell tissue. As shells hardened (late May), the symptoms appeared as small black spots where the insect fed. A protuding elicoidal microscopic stylet sheath or 'spike' was sometimes found in the centre of the black spots. The rhopalid incited epicarp lesions during the growing season until early June, while the pericarp firmness was _1.8 kg force. PT: Journal-article AN: 891121036 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 642 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Sites of epicarp lesion and kernel necrosis in relationship to symptoms and phenology of pistachio fruit. AU: Michailides-TJ; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1988, 81: 4, 1152-1154; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio (Pistacia vera) fruit with fresh-appearing epicarp lesion (EL) symptoms caused by the coreid Leptoglossus spp. or the pentatomid Thyanta pallidovirens, or both, were collected periodically in an orchard in California in 1986, and the sites of epicarp lesion or kernel necrosis symptoms were recorded. In addition, the sites of kernel necrosis were determined in pistachio samples collected at random in 1985-86. The fruit pericarp firmness was determined on symptomless healthy fruits on the base (stem end) and apex of the fruit. The percentage of epicarp lesions initiated at the fruit base increased from about 40% at the end of May to 80% at the beginning of August, suggesting a shift of feeding habits by the pests. Moreover, 60-74% of the kernel necrosis symptoms were found at the stem end and along the suture line, in areas of lower pericarp firmness and delayed lignification. It is suggested that the insects can locate these softer areas even though they are not visually distinct. PT: Journal-article AN: 891121105 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 643 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Effects of hydrogen cyanamide on bloom advancement in female pistachio (P. vera L.). AU: Pontikis-CA SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1989, 43: 3, 125-128; 1 pl.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Inadequate pollination in pistachio trees is usually due to the unstable period (delayed and/or prolonged) of flowering of the female trees, especially in areas with mild winters, as well as to the absence of the mid-season and later flowering Pistacia vera pollinators. Spraying female trees (cv. Aegenes) with hydrogen cyanamide during their rest period advanced flowering by about 19 days. This advance was sufficient to allow overlap with both P. vera cultivars B and C in areas with mild winters and P. terebinthus and P. vera cv. A in cold-region orchards where the mid-season and late flowering pollinators are usually absent. When hydrogen cyanamide was used as a dormancy breaking agent the female trees produced commercial yields. PT: Journal-article AN: 890358269 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 644 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Variation in tree size, yield, cropping efficiency, and alternate bearing among 'Kerman' pistachio trees. AU: Johnson-RS; Weinbaum-SA SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1987, 112: 6, 942-945; 11 ref. LA: English AB: The pistachio industry in California is based largely on the single pistillate cv. Kerman, grafted on seedling rootstocks of Pistacia atlantica. Data were collected and analysed for tree growth and productivity of 113 mature Kerman trees on P. atlantica seedlings over 2 cycles of alternate bearing. Tree size (estimated from trunk cross-sectional area), varied 4-fold among the trees analysed, tree yields (averaged over 4 years), varied 8-fold, and cropping efficiency (yield/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area) varied 3-fold. The severity of alternate bearing was also calculated. Eight superior trees were identified within the orchard that not only had higher average yields and cropping efficiencies, but also exhibited much more regular cropping patterns (i.e. reduced severity of alternate bearing) than adjacent trees and the orchard as a whole. PT: Journal-article AN: 880348689 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 645 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Reconsideration of the cause of inflorescence bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: HortScience. 1987, 22: 6, 1315-1316; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Data collected over 2 consecutive years revealed that 30-38% of the inflorescence buds on 15-year-old trees of the cv. Kerman abscised mainly during an initial 5- to 6-week period (from mid-May) on trees devoid of fruit. Bearing trees, by contrast, progressively shed 99% of their buds during a 10- to 12-week period. Abscission during the initial 5- to 6-week period in bearing and non-bearing trees was apparently the result of a stimulus originating in the roots. Continued abscission during the subsequent 5- to 6-week period coincided with the initiation and growth and development of the kernel. It is suggested that a stimulus originating in the fruit (kernel) is responsible for the second phase of a 2-phased abscission process. PT: Journal-article AN: 880349230 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 646 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler on pistachio in Italy. OT: Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler su pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza-L; Avanzato-D SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1986, 42: 25, 73-75; 15 ref. LA: Italian AB: Observations of natural infection in the field and of artificial infection in the nursery confirmed the susceptibility of Pistacia vera cv. Napoletana and the resistance of P. atlantica, P. terebinthus and Chico (selected as a seedling in the USA for use as a pollinator from open pollination of P. vera). It is suggested that the resistant material could be of use in breeding. PT: Journal-article AN: 881670165 Record 647 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Some considerations on rust of pistachio in Italy. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza-L; Avanzato-D SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Frutticoltura,-Italy. 1985, 16: 49-51; 11 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: A severe rust attack due to Pileolaria terebinthi (Uromyces terebinthi) was observed in 7-year-old trees, but trees in a nursery were apparently not infected. Leaves were collected in Sep., at the height of the attack, to obtain morphological descriptions of the fungus. Cv. Brunt trees (of Pistacia vera) and Chico trees (an open-pollinated seedling of P. vera) were affected most, with 50% of the leaves showing symptoms. P. terebinthus was less affected (10% of leaves with symptoms) and P. atlantica showed no symptoms. PT: Journal-article AN: 880351013 Record 648 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Relative salt tolerance of pistachio cultivars. AU: Sepaskhah-AR; Maftoun-M SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 63: 1, 157-162; 21 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of 4 soil NaCl levels (0, 1600, 3200, and 4800 mug/g) on the growth, chemical composition and water relations of Pistacia vera cultivars Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi were studied in an arid calcareous soil in a glasshouse experiment. Fandoghi was less tolerant than the other varieties to NaCl salinity, probably because of its higher uptake and/or transport of Cl and Na ions, lesser osmoregulatory ability, and greater reductions in the top and root dry weights with respect to the Cl concentration in the soil saturation extract. A 50% reduction in the top and root dry weights was obtained at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 9.3 and 10.0 mmhos/cm for Badami, 7.9 and 7.9 mmhos/cm for Fandoghi and 9.6 and 10.0 mmhos/cm for Kale-ghoochi. Growth of tops and roots was stopped, respectively, at ECe values of 18.7 and 20.6 mmhos/cm for Badami, 15.9 and 15.5 mmhos/cm for Fandoghi, and 19.2 and 20.4 mmhos/cm for Kale-ghoochi. PT: Journal-article AN: 881672261 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 649 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Studies on artificial pollination of pistachio flowers. OT: Antepfistigi ciceklerinin yapay yontemlerle tozlanmasi uzerine arastirmalar. AU: Kuru-C; Ayfer-M SO: Bahce. 1984, 13: 1, 3-12; 34 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Methods, principles and equipment for artificial pollination were studied in orchards at Gaziantep, where lack of pollen and differences in maturity date of the male and female flowers are encountered. Although no significant differences were detected between the effects of pollen applied by motorized dusters and from cotton bags, the time spent on the pollination of each tree, using the duster, was much shorter. Soft and durum wheat flours mixed with 1% pollen gave the best result of the blending materials and pollen rates tested. There were no significant differences between treatments comparing pollination frequency and dates. PT: Journal-article AN: 880352447 Record 650 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Composition, solubility, and electrophoretic patterns of proteins isolated from Kerman pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Shokraii-EH; Esen-A SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry. 1988, 36: 3, 425-429; 18 ref. LA: English AB: Extraction of protein from two pistachio sources (Kerman and Turkish) was performed with different solvents. The maximum amount of protein was extracted with 0.5 M NaCl solution. The other solvents in sequential extraction, e.g. water, 60% (v/v) tert-butyl alcohol, and 0.1 M sodium borate (pH 10)/1% (w/v) SDS/1% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), extracted little or no protein. The Kjeldahl data indicated that 66% of the total protein was globulin (NaCl-soluble) while albumins (H2O-soluble), glutelins (sodium borate-soluble), and prolamins (tert-butyl alcohol-soluble), respectively, contributed 25, 7, and 2% of the total protein. Fractionation of the protein by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing showed that three of the four solubility fractions had complex polypeptide compositions with molecular weights of 12-68 kD. However the protein profiles of all fractions were very similar except for the alcohol extract which did not produce any distinct bands. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses revealed about 100 protein spots when the meal was extracted directly with 6 M urea and 1% 2-ME, and the two pistachio sources showed similar polypeptide patterns. PT: Journal-article AN: 880390921 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 651 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bod.), a pistachio tree scale pest producing honeydew foraged by bees in Greece. AU: Santas-LA SO: Entomologia-Hellenica. 1985, 3: 1, 29-33; 2 fig.; 12 ref. LA: English LS: Greek AB: The scale insect Anapulvinaria pistaciae damages Pistacia spp. in Greece but also excretes honeydew that is exploited by honeybees [Apis mellifera]. Anapulvinaria pistaciae had 1 generation a year. The adults appeared in early spring, the crawlers in May, the 1st-instar settled nymphs in the 2nd half of May or in June and the 2nd-instar nymphs in early autumn, overwintering in this stage. The aphelinid endoparasite Coccophagus lycimnia and 4 species of predators are listed; these generally kept the scale numbers low, as did oil sprays applied against other pistachio pests. Since beekeepers do not move their hives into pistachio groves during the foraging period for fear of contamination by the sprays, they are unable to exploit scale honeydew systematically as a honey source, and it is difficult to assess its importance in the general honey production of Greece. PT: Journal-article AN: 870539456 Record 652 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Methyl bromide fumigation treatments for pistachio nuts to decrease residues and control navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). AU: Hartsell-PL; Nelson-HD; Tebbets-JC; Vail-PV SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1986, 79: 5, 1299-1302; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The toxicity of methyl bromide to Amyelois transitella on harvested pistachio nuts was investigated and the organic and inorganic residues after treatment were determined. Fumigation of inshell pistachio nuts with 32 g/m3 methyl bromide at 15.5°C for 24 h and 16 or 24 g/m3 at 26.6°C for 24 h resulted in >98.5% mortality of the eggs, larvae and pupae of A. transitella. Inshell pistachio nuts fumigated 3 times with methyl bromide using the approved schedule of 56 g/m3 for 24 h at _15.5°C had inorganic bromide residues above the US tolerance of 200 p.p.m. Pistachios fumigated repeatedly with 16, 24 or 32 g/m3 methyl bromide for 24 h at 15.5°C or 8, 16 or 24 g/m3 for 24 h at 26.6°C had residues well below the tolerance level. Organic and inorganic residues were higher in nuts fumigated at 15.5°C than at 26.6°C. Adsorption of methyl bromide by the nuts was not significantly different at the 2 temperatures. By the end of 13 days, desorption of methyl bromide by the nuts caused organic bromide residues to decrease to below 0.50 p.p.m. for all the treatments used. PT: Journal-article AN: 870540336 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 653 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: 'Pontikis' pistachio. AU: Pontikis-CA SO: HortScience. 1986, 21: 4, 1074. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera cv. Pontikis originated as a chance seedling of cv. Aegenes. Grown on a P. terebinthus rootstock known locally as Tsikoudia, Pontikis is of medium size (4.5 to 5.0 m in height and 5 to 6 m in diameter) and semierect. Flowering (15-20 April) and ripening (10-15 September) occur 10-15 days later than in Aegenes. Pontikis can be pollinated by P. vera clones C and D. The fruits are large (25 X 16 mm) and the kernels are good in flavour and crisp with deep green cotyledons. The splitting of the endocarp is wide, three-quarters of its length. Yield on P. terebinthus seedling rootstock is the same as that of Aegenes. The trees have a biennial bearing habit. Split-shell percentage on filled nuts is high and constant every year (90-98%), about 30% higher than that of Aegenes. The percentage of blank nuts is the same as that of Aegenes, about 5-10%. The shelling percentage (kernel weight/in shell weight) is about 54.6% (kernel weight 0.617 g, shell weight 0.511 g.). PT: Journal-article AN: 871659606 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 654 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Isozyme analysis procedures for stone fruits, almond, grape, walnut, pistachio, and fig. AU: Arulsekar-S; Parfitt-DE SO: HortScience. 1986, 21: 4, 928-933; 28 ref. LA: English AB: Improved methods for enzyme extraction, starch gel preparation, electrophoresis and enzyme staining of woody perennials are described. The enzyme extraction procedure has been successfully applied to 9 species of tree fruit and nut crops and isoenzymes of 13 enzymes have been studied using 2 gel and electrode buffer systems. PT: Journal-article AN: 871660281 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 655 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Relationship of wound-induced peroxidase activity to epicarp lesion development in maturing pistachio fruit. AU: Bostock-RM; Thomas-CS; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE; Uyemoto-JK SO: Phytopathology. 1987, 77: 2, 275-282; 29 ref. LA: English AB: Needle puncture through the pericarp of maturing pistachio (Pistacia vera) fruit induced symptoms similar to those observed in fruit with epicarp lesions after insect feeding. Mechanical or insect wounds through the pericarp markedly stimulated peroxidase activity (as much as 3- to 10-fold relative to unwounded fruit) in cultivars Kerman and Trabonella. The induced peroxidase activity was apparent histochemically within 24 h of wounding, before symptom development, and at a distance several mm from the wound site. Penetration of the inner surface of the endocarp was essential for stimulation of peroxidase activity and lesion development. Both events were inducible during Apr. and May but that capability diminished after the onset of endocarp lignification. Wounding induced at least 3 cathodic isoperoxidases not present in unwounded fruit. Gallic acid, methyl gallate, and other gallotannins were the principal phenols present in ethanol extacts of the pericarp and their concentrations declined early in the season. The data indicate that injury to the endocarp is essential for symptom expression and are consistent with the hypothesis that this disorder results from the wound-induced peroxidation of components in the pericarp. PT: Journal-article AN: 871332642 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 656 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions and growth of salt-treated pistachio plants. AU: Walker-RR; Torokfalvy-E; Behboudian-MH SO: Australian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 1987, 38: 2, 383-394; 19 ref. LA: English AB: Shoot growth rates of Pistacia vera (cv. Kerman) and P. atlantica (used as a rootstock) were not affected by treatment with 30 mM NaCl. Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride were similar for the two species. However, the rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of sodium by P. atlantica were about 2 and 4 times as high, respectively, as in P. vera. Chloride and sodium accumulated in the shoots of both species were diluted by growth so that there was no marked increase in leaf and stem concentrations in either species with time. After 63 days, mean leaf chloride concentrations were lower in P. atlantica, which had a higher relative growth rate and a higher shoot to root ratio than P. vera. Mean leaf sodium concentrations were higher in P. atlantica. Increasing salinities up to 150 mM chloride and 90 mM sodium had no significant effect on DM production of P. atlantica and P. terebinthus (also used as a rootstock). Lamina chloride concentrations of both species increased with rising salinity. Lamina sodium concentrations of P. terebinthus increased slightly during treatment with the two highest salinity levels. Chloride concentrations on a tissue water basis were highest in laminae and petioles of salt-treated plants whereas sodium concentrations were highest in roots, especially the proximal root. PT: Journal-article AN: 870346565 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 657 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Some considerations on pistachio rust in Italy. OT: Alcune considerazioni sulla ruggine del pistacchio in Italia. AU: Corazza-L; Avanzato-D SO: Annali-dell'Istituto-Sperimentale-per-la-Patologia-Vegetale. 1985, 10: 39-42; 11 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: A severe attack of Uromyces terebinthi was recorded on pistachio leaves. Some morphological characters of the fungus and reactions of different Pistacia spp. are reported. PT: Journal-article AN: 871333061 Record 658 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Succession and significance of several hemipterans attacking a pistachio orchard. AU: Michailides-TJ; Rice-RE; Ogawa-JM SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1987, 80: 2, 398-406; 5 fig.; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Two insecticides (carbaryl and permethrin) failed to control epicarp lesion (EL) in a pistachio orchard at Winters, California, because several hemipterous insect species continually invaded the orchard. Beating-tray and sweep-net samples revealed high adult populations of the mirids Psallus vaccinicola and P. ancorifer and the rhopalid Liorhyssus hyalinus. Nymphs and adults of the pentatomid Thyanta pallidovirens, the coreid Leptoglossus clypealis and the mirids Lygus hesperus, Neurocolpus sp. and Calocoris norvegicus were also collected. A species of the mirid genus Phytocoris was captured in a sticky trap placed in the orchard. Psallus vaccinicola, Neurocolpus sp., C. norvegicus, Phytocoris sp. and Liorhyssus hyalinus induced EL on young pistachio fruits from early April to late May, while the pericarp firmness was _1.8 kg force. In contrast, nymphs and adults of T. pallidovirens and Leptoglossus clypealis were able to cause EL until late June (pericarp firmness, 4.0 kg force) and kernel necrosis (KN) thereafter (pericarp firmness, 5.5-6.0 kg force). All insect species appeared to prefer feeding in or near the base of the fruit, which lignified later than the fruit apex. Also, significantly less KN (19-34%) developed in clusters protected with net bags compared with uncaged controls (48-65% KN). PT: Journal-article AN: 870545094 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 659 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Permanent plot studies on the pistachio woodlands of the Badkhyz [National Park]: environment, flora, phenology and cryptogam synusiae. AU: Rodin-LE SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1984, 69: 6, 799-809; 30 ref. LA: Russian AB: A summary up to 1982 of studies (begun in 1976) on a Pistacia vera steppe woodland ecosystem in Turkmenia, with sections by different authors. Data are tabulated on the seasonal variations in soil temp. and in the biomass of soil algae and ground vegetation. Parts of the work have already been published. PT: Journal-article AN: 870619453 Record 660 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Permanent plot studies on the pistachio woodlands of the Badkhyz [National Park]: fungi, [soil] microorganisms, reptiles, microclimate, soils, and the water regime of dominant plants. AU: Rodin-LE SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1984, 69: 7, 915-921; 13 ref. LA: Russian AB: A continuation of the summary report already noticed on the Pistacia vera ecosystem in Turkmenia. Only parasitic fungi were studied, and among reptiles, only the lizard community. Dominants comprise P. vera and the herbs Carex pachystylis and Poa bulbosa. PT: Journal-article AN: 870619454 Record 661 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 TI: Permanent plot studies on the pistachio woodlands of the Badkhyz [National Park]: phytomass dynamics and general results. AU: Rodin-LE SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1984, 69: 9, 1212-1221; 14 ref. LA: Russian AB: The concluding report in this series on the Pistacia vera ecosystem research project in Turkmenia deals with the underground and above-ground biomass of the herb layer (steppe community), fruiting years of P. vera, and fire effects. Pistachio stands in a particular area tended to fruit only in alternate years, but only 1 year in 3 was without a crop in any area. A fire in 1978 destroyed all the above-ground biomass except for a few trees, but the trees and dominant herbs regenerated rapidly from underground organs, only the oldest trees being killed. The ecosystem is therefore dominated by pyrophytes. Some preliminary conclusions are made on the structure and function of the ecosystem. PT: Journal-article AN: 870619455 Record 662 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Dynamics of the vertical structure of the above ground portion of herbage in the Badkhyz pistachio woodlands. AU: Malysheva-GS SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1982, 67: 2, 177-184; 18 ref. LA: Russian AB: Studies were carried out in 3 types of Pistacia vera woodland in the Turkmen SSR, in which the trees were spaced at 9, 6 or 14 m respectively, with sainfoin (Onobrychis pulchella) codominant in the spaces between the tree crowns with Carex pachystylis/Poa bulbosa or (at 6-m tree spacing) Anisantha sericea [Bromus sericeus]. The vertical structure of the herb layer (in 3 sublayers) varied between intercrown and subcrown spaces, between seasons of the year and especially between years of good rainfall and drought years. PT: Journal-article AN: 860606896 Record 663 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Vegetative and reproductive apical dominance in pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: HortScience. 1985, 20: 6, 1092-1093; 2 pl.; 5 ref. LA: English AB: Pronounced vegetative apical dominance in the cv. Kerman was exhibited by sparse lateral branching and by response to conventional pruning. This dominance necessitated a pruning procedure different from other deciduous fruit and nut species. Marked apical dominance also occurred both in the patterns of fruit set in the inflorescence as a whole and in the individual branches composing it. The percentage of fruit set was highest in the apical portion of the inflorescence and generally decreased to the proximal portion. Similarly, although only 8% of the flowers on the branches of the inflorescence occupied a terminal position, 60% of the total fruits produced were terminal. PT: Journal-article AN: 860335031 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 664 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: The revival of pistachio culture in the Mediterranean zone of the south of France. OT: La relance de la culture du pistachier fruitier dans le midi mediterraneen. AU: Boutboul-H SO: P.H.M. -Revue-Horticole. 1986, No.264, 25-29; 4 pl., 1 fig.; 9 ref. LA: French AB: The history of the pistachio is outlined and vestiges of its former culture in the Provence-Languedoc region are described. Data are presented on its botanical characteristics, its culture throughout the world and in the EEC, the possibility of reviving its culture in the French Mediterranean zone, cultivars with low heat requirements, and pollinators and rootstocks. PT: Journal-article AN: 860335194 Record 665 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: The effect of dormant pruning on shell dehiscence of the endocarp in pistachio fruits. AU: Pontikis-CA SO: Fruits. 1986, 41: 1, 55-56; 5 ref. LA: English LS: French, Spanish, German, Russian AB: Pistachio fruits are mainly marketed in-shell and endocarp dehiscence (shell splitting) is desirable as it facilitataes shell removal by the consumer. Forty-year-old trees (cv. Aegenes) on Pistacia terebinthus (cv. Tsikoudia) seedling rootstocks were either not pruned, pruned lightly (removing 10-15% of the canopy growth) or pruned fairly severely (removing 30-40%). Pruning promoted shoot growth but the effects were not significant. Pruning which removed > 40% of the canopy growth increased the percentage of unsplit nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 860335465 Record 666 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Nutritional diseases of pistachio trees: potassium and phosphorus deficiencies and chloride and boron toxicities. AU: Ashworth-LJ Jr.; Gaona-SA; Surber-E SO: Phytopathology. 1985, 75: 10, 1084-1091; 5 fig. (1 col.), 5 tab.; 17 ref. LA: English AB: P and K deficiencies caused unthriftiness and poor yields of pistachio trees. K-deficient trees had sparse foliage canopies, small leaves without chlorosis, and pronounced shoot dieback. The threshold K level of leaves for deficiency appeared to be 0.7-0.9% in midsummer. P-deficient trees had normal dense foliar canopies, normal-sized leaves, and leaf chlorosis. Chlorosis of P-deficient trees appeared first on leaves terminal to nut clusters but later involved part or all foliage of the affected trees. Chlorosis was first interveinal, but leaves later became bright yellow, desiccated, and dehisced prematurely. The threshold P level for deficiency appeared to be 0.09-0.1%. Vegetative growth resumed within 2 months following treatment with P and 1 yr after K. A leaf scorch symptom was associated with high Cl- levels in leaves (1.9%). Normal leaves, free from scorch symptoms, had 0.4-0.8% Cl- during midsummer. B toxicity was characterized by marginal necrosis of mature leaves near the end of the growing season and was nearly universally present in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Necrosis-free leaf tissue, without and with marginal necrosis, had 220-235 p.p.m. B while necrotic marginal tissue had about 1000 p.p.m. PT: Journal-article AN: 861313898 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 667 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Verticillium wilt of pistachio: the influence of potassium nutrition on susceptibility to infection by Verticillium dahliae. AU: Ashworth-LJ Jr.; Gaona-SA; Surber-E SO: Phytopathology. 1985, 75: 10, 1091-1093; 2 fig., 2 tab.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The incidence of V. wilt of pistachio, grown in Californian soils with low inoculum densities of V. dahliae (0.02-0.2 microsclerotia/g soil) increased dramatically during 1981-83, this being associated with unthrifty trees having low levels of leaf K (0.5-0.8%) during midsummer. During 1982, 39.6% of K-deficient trees surveyed were infected. Infection was rare (0.37%) among thrifty trees having 1% or more leaf K. Infection percentages were 18.8, 13.8 and 9.7 in 1983 for, respectively, 1, 1.5, and 3 kg K/tree treatments. Tree survival, compared with the 1 kg K/tree treatments, was improved 8% and 13% in, respectively, the 1.5 and 3 kg K treatments during 1983. Results were similar in 1984 except that the 1.5 and 3 kg K treatments were equally effective. Annual increases of infection observed during 1981-83 were reversed in 1984 following treatments of 1620 ha with 1.5 kg K/tree in 1983. No infection of thrifty trees was observed in 1984. Incidence of disease in 1984 was 35% less than that during 1983. P deficiency, discovered in 1984, also may influence susceptibility to infection, but P deficiency was corrected following the peak infection period. Reduced susceptibility to infection appears to be a klendusic response of active growing trees in low inoculum density soils. PT: Journal-article AN: 861313904 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 668 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Grafting methods in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). OT: Metodos de injerto en pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Ruelas-Garcia-S SO: Proceedings-of-the-Tropical-Region,-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. undated, received 1986, 23: 50-53; 11 ref. LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Veneer grafting of P. vera cv. Kerman scions on P. atlantica rootstocks gave 100% take compared with 83% with bark grafting and 66% with shield budding. Veneer grafting also resulted in the best scion development. The time of rootstock pruning (at or 25 days after grafting/budding) had no effect on scion development in veneer-grafted trees, but scion development was best in bark-grafted trees with rootstock pruning at grafting and in shield-budded trees with rootstock pruning 25 days after budding. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 860336195 Record 669 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Role of several true bugs (Hemiptera) on incidence and seasonal development of pistachio fruit epicarp lesion disorder. AU: Uyemoto-JK; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE; Teranishi-HR; Bostock-RM; Pemberton-WM SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1986, 79: 2, 395-399; 2 fig.; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio fruits develop dark canker-like discoloured areas on the hulls that can penetrate the hull and affect the kernel, a condition known as epicarp lesion. Surveys conducted in 11 pistachio orchards in California in 1984 revealed outbreaks of epicarp lesion symptoms in some orchards soon after fruit set. Affected fruit clusters contained necrotic lesions on large fruits and blackened shrivelled small fruits. Microscopic examination of affected fruits showed insect feeding wounds within the endocarp tissues. Results of specific insect groups collected in the pistachio fruit cluster or surrounding vegetative ground cover or both, and results of insect caging experiments, revealed that the mirids Calocoris norvegicus and Lygus hesperus were active feeders on young, developing pistachio fruits. These insects were capable of causing epicarp lesion during the growing season until the beginning of endocarp hardening in late May. A coreid, Leptoglossus sp., appeared in late April and caused epicarp lesions until late June, when endocarp lignification was near completion. This insect continued to pierce the hardened shell and caused feeding damage to pistachio kernels until they were harvested. Besides the feeding of hemipterous insects, mechanically wounding the pericarp caused similar symptoms on fruits, which suggested the epicarp lesion is a host-wound response. PT: Journal-article AN: 860536052 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 670 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Effects of water stress and salinity on photosynthesis of pistachio. AU: Behboudian-MH; Walker-RR; Torokfalvy-E SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1986, 29: 3, 251-261; 16 ref. LA: English AB: Responses of cv. Kerman to water stress were typical of those of xerophytic plants. Although photosynthesis declined with decreasing leaf water potential, plants continued to photosynthesize until a leaf water potential of -5 MPa was reached. Some measure of turgor was maintained at very low leaf water potential (-6 MPa). However, at the lower range of leaf water potential, the plants were less efficient in their water use. Salinity levels up to 225 mM Cl- had no effect on photosynthetic rate or on stomatal and mesophyll resistances to CO2 diffusion. Chlorophyll content and leaf water, osmotic and turgor potentials were also unaffected by this level of salinity, despite significantly higher concentrations of Cl- and Na+ in the leaves. When the salinity level was raised to 400 mM Cl-, a significant increase in leaf succulence diluted Cl- and Na+ concentrations (on a tissue-water basis) to values less than in leaves of plants treated with 225 mM Cl-. PT: Journal-article AN: 860339436 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0304-4238%2329%23251%233&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 671 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Flower synchronization of staminate and pistillate pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) with paclobutrazol. AU: Porlingis-IC; Voyiatzis-DG SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1986, No. 179, vol. II, 521-527; 10 ref. LA: English AB: The pistachio staminate cv. B usually flowers earlier than the pistillate cv. Aiginis. To overcome the resulting problem of pollination paclobutrazol was used to delay flowering of the staminate trees and to synchronize flowering with the pistillate trees. Branches of the cv. B were sprayed with aqueous paclobutrazol at 100-4000 mg/litre at the end of June, when shoot extension ceased. The following spring there was a delay in the growth of flower buds on treated branches compared with the controls. The flowering period (period of anther dehiscence and shedding of pollen) of the control trees covered only one-fourth of the flowering period (period of pistil receptivity) of pistillate trees, while the latter coincided with the flowering periods of paclobutrazol-treated branches. In certain treatments anther dehiscence continued after the end of pistil receptivity for 1 to 4 days. Pollen germination percentage was satisfactory (_ 70%) in all treatments. The quantity of pollen produced per g fresh weight of inflorescences did not differ among treatments. Paclobutrazol also delayed the opening of vegetative buds and decreased the length of new shoots. PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article AN: 860340246 Record 672 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Pistachio yield and quality as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: HortScience. 1986, 21: 5, 1139-1140; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Trunk cross-sectional area of cv. Kerman trees on Pistacia atlantica seedling rootstocks varied widely after 24 years. Average annual nut yield was positively related to trunk cross-sectional area. Degree of shell splitting and blank nut production were also influenced by rootstock. Two trees were identified that were the most vigorous, had the greatest yields, and produced excellent crops annually in contrast to the others that exhibited severe biennial bearing. PT: Journal-article AN: 860341010 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 673 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Occurrence of the carob moth in pistachio. AU: Halperin-J SO: Alon-Hanotea. 1986, 40: 10, 923-926; 6 ref. LA: Hebrew LS: English AB: The infestation of pistachio by the pyralid Ectomyelois ceratoniae is reported in Israel in 1984 for the first time. The pest had several overlapping generations a year, developing mostly in the split nuts remaining on the tree after harvest. Up to 40% of the non-harvested, split fruits were infested. Females of E. ceratoniae were observed to oviposit through the emergence hole of the torymid Megastigmus pistaciae, which also attacks the fruit and has a short summer generation. The adults of E. ceratoniae then emerged in August-September and infested the fresh split nuts before harvest, resulting in a reduced crop yield. Larvae developing in harvested fruits did not survive the heat process used during drying prior to storage. PT: Journal-article AN: 860538441 Record 674 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Distribution of the pistachio-fruit wasps in Israel. AU: Halperin-J; Kafisheh-W SO: Alon-Hanotea. 1986, 40: 11, 1067-1071; 1 fig.; 8 ref. LA: Hebrew LS: English AB: The rates of infestation of pistachio fruits by the pests Eurytoma plotnikovi and Megastigmus pistaciae were assessed in Israel in 1984-85. Both species were probably introduced into Israel in the 1960s. The average rates of infestation in the most severely infested areas were 71-85% for E. plotnikovi and 16-18% for M. pistaciae. PT: Journal-article AN: 860538442 Record 675 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Relation of early splitting and tattering of pistachio nuts to aflatoxin in the orchard. AU: Sommer-NF; Buchanan-JR; Fortlage-RJ SO: Phytopathology. 1986, 76: 7, 692-694; 2 fig., 3 tab.; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio nuts that split abnormally to expose the kernels were prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus and contamination with aflatoxin. The incidence of aflatoxin was more frequent if the nuts were also infested by the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella). Nuts with tattered hulls found at the end of harvest as the hull tissues became senescent were subject to infestation by navel orangeworm moths and aflatoxin developed. Aflatoxin accumulated in tattered nuts with or without insect infestation but with a higher frequency in the former. PT: Journal-article AN: 861319738 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 676 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Fruit characteristics of 4 pistachio cultivars grown in Sicily. OT: Caratteristiche carpologiche di 4 cultivar di pistacchio coltivate in Sicilia. AU: Caruso-T; Marco-L-di; Giovannini-D; Pisa-A-di SO: Rivista-di-Frutticoltura-e-di-Ortofloricoltura. 1986, 48: 9-10, 63-66; 14 ref. LA: Italian LS: English AB: Fruits of 3 cultivars from 2 localities each and of a fourth from 3 localities were studied over 3 years for 6 biometrical characters and for chemical composition. It is concluded from the data (tabulated) that differences in environmental conditions and cultural techniques do not significantly affect the important fruit characters. Considerable variation was observed in the percentage of dehiscent fruits but this could not be attributed to any one cause. PT: Journal-article AN: 861656546 Record 677 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Effect of gamma irradiation on the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins of Iranian pistachio kernels. AU: Kashani-GG; Valadon-LRG SO: Journal-of-Food-Technology. 1984, 19: 5, 631-638; 30 ref. LA: English AB: Neither 0.05 Mrad (for controlling insect pests) nor 1.0 Mrad (for controlling fungi and bacteria) irradiation of kernels from 6 cultivars affected individual simple or complex lipids or their total amounts, total available carbohydrate, free sugar, starch or dextrin, or 8 free sugars. Nor was there any effect on total protein, total free amino acid or 17 individual amino acids. Iodine value and malonaldehyde value were unaffected and peroxide value was only very slightly increased. PT: Journal-article AN: 850327406 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 678 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio as affected by salinity and applied iron. AU: Sepaskhah-AR; Maftoun-M; Karimian-N SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1985, 60: 1, 115-121; 13 ref. LA: English AB: The combined effects of soil salinity levels (0, 1200, 2400, 3600 or 4800 mug. NaCl/g) on the cv. Fandoghi were studied in a glasshouse experiment. The relative top dry weights were correlated with the chloride ion, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (Ece) and the estimated exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soils. Top dry weights were reduced by 31 and 51% at 3600 and 4800 mug/g levels of soil salinity, respectively. The effect of Fe supply on the top dry weight was not statistically significant. The concentration of chloride in tops was well correlated with its concentration in the substrate and was considerably higher than that of Na. At each level of Fe application (0, 3, 6, 12 or 24 mug Fe/g) rising NaCl levels resulted in increased concentrations of Na, the trend being more pronounced at the highest Fe level. Fe treatments produced a significant increase of this element in the tops. The seedlings were tolerant to NaCl and the chloride ion but semi-tolerant to Na. PT: Journal-article AN: 850328014 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 679 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Leaffooted bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and epicarp lesion of pistachio fruits. AU: Bolkan-HA; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE; Bostock-RM; Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1984, 77: 5, 1163-1165; 2 fig.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: Laboratory and field studies in California in 1983 showed that Leptoglossus clypealis was capable of reproducing epicarp lesion symptoms on developing pistachio fruits. Feeding by the coreid on caged fruit clusters for 48 h produced typical symptoms of zonate, brown, necrotic lesions and subsequent premature fruit drop. The fruits exposed to feeding in June were more prone to exhibit epicarp lesion symptoms than those exposed in July. L. clypealis was found in all of the major pistachio production areas in the state, at the time natural symptoms were observed in the field. Epicarp lesion was suspected of being the result of an enzyme (or enzymes) injected into the fruit during feeding, as typical symptoms of epicarp lesion were reproduced by applying commercial pectinase. Pectin-degrading enzymes, however, had not been extracted from the bug. PT: Journal-article AN: 850521986 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 680 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: A pest of pistachio - the Turkestan emperor moth. AU: Alekseitsev-GP; Tuzov-VK SO: Zashchita-Rastenii. 1984, No. 11, 34. LA: Russian AB: The occurrence, harmfulness and control of the Turkestan emperor moth [Neoris huttoni] on pistachio in Soviet Central Asia, USSR, are reviewed and discussed. The pest can be controlled using preparations such as 40% metaphos [parathion-methyl], chlorophos [trichlorfon] or phosphamide [dimethoate], or with sprays containing Dendrobacillin [Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus] at 2-3 kg/ha against 2nd- and 3rd-instar larvae; the latter treatment can be up to 95% effective. PT: Journal-article AN: 850522130 Record 681 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Synchronous flowering and pollen storage techniques as aids to artificial hybridization in pistachio (Pistacia spp.). AU: Vithanage-HIMV; Alexander-DM SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1985, 60: 1, 107-113; 21 ref. LA: English AB: Shoots of P. vera, P. atlantica, P. chinensis and P. terebinthus carrying 2 or 3 flower buds and a terminal vegetative bud were used in these experiments. Synchrony of flowering was achieved by a combination of techniques involving selection, chilling and grafting of bud wood onto one-year-old rootstocks. Conditions for successful pollen storage from one season to the next, either at -196°C or by freeze drying, are reported. The techniques were used to achieve artificial hybridization. PT: Journal-article AN: 851639584 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 682 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Nematodes in pistachio orchards. AU: McKenry-MV; Kretsch-JO SO: California-Agriculture. 1984, 38: 11-12, 21. LA: English AB: Out of 42 pistachio orchards sampled in California, USA, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Xiphinema americanum and Meloidogyne sp. were present in 19, 12, 8 and 3 orchards, respectively. Nematodes were not considered to be a serious pest problem in California pistachio production. PT: Journal-article AN: 850824010 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 683 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: The comparison of the analytical methods for detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 in pistachio nuts. AU: Tayeti-J SO: Entomologie-et-Phytopathologie-Appliquees. 1984, 52: 1, 3-4, 7-11; 2 tab.; 7 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: The Romer, Ass. of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC (CB), AOAC (BF) and Tropical Development and Res. Inst. TDR1/AOAC (BF) methods were compared for analysis of an artificially contaminated kernel/shell mixture of Iranian pistachio nuts. The Romer method was found to be the best in terms of rapidity, opt. thin layer chromatography conditions and percentage of aflatoxin recovery (av. 96.4%). The detection limit at the qualitative analytical stage for this method was 2-3 p.p.b. of aflatoxin B1. PT: Journal-article AN: 851308692 Record 684 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Investigation of the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxicols in commercial pistachio nuts, corn and corn flour (Studies on mycotoxins in foods XVII). AU: Saito-K; Nishijima-M; Yasuda-K; Kamimura-H; Ibe-A; Nagayama-T; Ushiyama-H; Naoi-Y SO: Journal-of-the-Food-Hygienic-Society-of-Japan. 1984, 25: 3, 241-245; 2 fig., 3 tab.; 10 ref. LA: Japanese LS: English AB: Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in 7 samples of pistachio nuts at 2-800 and 0.4-180 p.p.b., respectively. Aflatoxins G1 and G2 were detected in 5 of these samples at trace-51.4 and trace-16.3 p.p.b., respectively. Aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxicol I were detected in 5 of these at 1.8-39.3 and 3.2-26.3 p.p.b., respectively. Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in 5 samples of maize flour at 11.1-33.6 and 5.3-9.9 p.p.b., respectively, and in 2 maize samples at 131-340 and 17.1-46.9 p.p.b., respectively. Aflatoxicols I and II and aflatoxin M1 were detected in these maize samples at 12.9-25.4, 7.9-15.7 and 13.5-25 p.p.b., respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 851309861 Record 685 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Physiological aspects of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) pollen germination. AU: Therios-IN; Tsirakoglou-VM; Dimassi-Theriou-KN SO: Rivista-della-Ortoflorofrutticoltura-Italiana. 1985, 69: 3, 161-170; 18 ref. LA: English LS: Italian AB: Male trees grown in Greece are classified into 3 clones which differ in leaflet number and flowering time. Maximum germination occurred in 35, 20 and 25% sucrose for pollen from clones A, B and C, respectively. Boric acid was necessary for in vitro germination which reached a maximum at 10 mg/litre for clone A and 30 mg/litre for B. Ca(NO3)2 was also beneficial with an optimum concentration near 2.0 mM. The optimum incubation time was 24 h and the best germination percentage was recorded at 25°C and pH 6. Higher concentrations of the respiratory inhibitors NaN3, NaCN and DNP were needed to inhibit pollen germination than to inhibit other plant tissues and processes. The storage time required for a 50% drop in germination percentage (in clone C pollen) was 2, 4 and 12 days at 23, 10 and 5°. Pollen stored at -19° germinated after a year. PT: Journal-article AN: 850332914 Record 686 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: The pistachio in Sicily: area cultivated and agronomic aspects. OT: Il pistacchio in Sicilia: superfici coltivate e aspetti agronomici. AU: Barone-E; Caruso-T; Marco-L-Di SO: Informatore-Agrario. 1985, 41: 40, 35-42; 9 col. pl., 1 map; 18 ref. LA: Italian AB: Pistachios occupy 4176 ha in Sicily. The common cultivars are Bianca, Cappuccia, Cerasola, Insolia and Silvana, and the most usual rootstock is the terebinth pistache (Pistacia terebinthus). Information is presented on the soils and climate of the producing regions, and on their acreages, types of cultivation and main cultivars. Cultivation is discussed under the headings: planting, pruning and training, cultural operations (soil cultivation, fertilizers and irrigation), and plant protection. Harvesting, yields and marketing are also discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 850333041 Record 687 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Propagating male pistachio trees. AU: Needs-RA; Alexander-DM SO: Australian-Horticulture. 1985, 83: 8, 26-30; 2 pl., 1 fig.; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Details are given of methods of budding 3 male cultivars (chosen to cover the full range (28 days) of female flowering) onto a single rootstock, either on scaffold branches or on the trunk. The recommended male:female tree ratio is 1:9. Mean mid-flowering dates of male and female cultivars are listed. PT: Journal-article AN: 850333362 Record 688 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Response of herbaceous plants in Badghis pistachio forests to environmental conditions. AU: Malysheva-GS; Gannibal-BK; Izmailova-NN SO: Soviet-Journal-of-Ecology. 1982, 13: 5, 292-297; translated from Ekologiya (1982) No.5, 8-15; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Results are presented of comprehensive investigations of an Onobrychis-Poa-Carex pistachio forest during yr differing with respect to hydrothermic conditions. The characteristics of community-structure development, phytomass dynamics, and certain elements of the water balance were studied. PT: Journal-article AN: 840756778 Record 689 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Growth regulators in almond and pistachio seeds during ripening. AU: Rafieva-MG; Nikolaeva-MG SO: Byulleten'-Glavnogo-Botanicheskogo-Sada. 1983, No. 128, 82-89; 18 ref. LA: Russian AB: Changes in IAA and ABA levels in different parts of the seeds were studied during 166 and 135 days after flowering of almonds and pistachios, respectively, and after 6 months of storage. No correlation was observed between the presence of growth regulators and the capacity of ripe or unripe seeds of both species to germinate. The use of isolated almond embryos and of pistachio seeds without shells is recommended for uniform germination and emergence. PT: Journal-article AN: 840320070 Record 690 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Effects of gibberellic acid on vegetative and inflorescence buds of pistachio. AU: Lin-T-S; Crane-JC; Ryugo-K SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1984, 109: 1, 39-42; 3 pl.; 17 ref. LA: English AB: The abscission of inflorescence buds in this species causes alternate bearing in which GA may be involved. It was shown that GA3 induced cell division in subapical meristems of quiescent terminal vegetative buds and brought about bud opening and stem elongation in 10-year-old trees, cv. Kerman. When the subapical meristems in the rachis primordia in lateral inflorescence buds were undergoing cell division, (early May) GA3 application enhanced cell division and brought about elongation of the rachis. However, application of GA3 to inflorescence buds when cell division in the subapical meristem of the rachis had essentially terminated (mid-June), induced cell division in the bases of the buds, with subsequent bud abscission. PT: Journal-article AN: 840320619 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 691 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Anatomical aspects of abscission in pistachio. AU: Lin-T-S; Crane-JC; Polito-VS SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1984, 109: 1, 69-73; 5 pl.; 24 ref. LA: English AB: When flowers did not set or when young fruits were removed, pedicels and/or portions of the rachis or of the primary branches subtending these parts abscised, as did inflorescence buds on fruiting shoots and on nonbearing shoots treated with ethephon. The first manifestation of the abscission was transverse cell division in the abscission zone. A separation layer developed in the distal portion of the abscission zone in these organs. The newly formed cells in the proximal area of the abscission zone of pedicels, rachises and ethephon-treated inflorescence buds became protective layers, but the counterpart in abscising inflorescence buds on fruiting shoots was largely degraded as abscission progressed. Abscission of mature fruits was not preceded by cell division but involved separation and collapse of cells in the fruit mesocarp and exocarp surrounding the distal portion of the pedicel. PT: Journal-article AN: 840320625 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 692 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Shoot blight of pistachio caused by Botrytis cinerea. AU: Bolkan-HA; Ogawa-JM; Teranishi-HR SO: Plant-Disease. 1984, 68: 2, 163-165; 1 fig., 1 tab.; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The new disease is reported from Calif. Shoot blighting resulted from initial infection of catkins and racemes and progress of the fungus into stems. Partial girdling of shoots or twigs led to shrivelled leaves showing necrosis from water stress. Petiole infections resulted in death of individual leaves and/or shoot blight. Incidence of the disease was high on male trees because of the high susceptibility of catkins. The disease was favoured by prolonged rainfall and relatively low temp. Fungicides (especially benomyl) applied during full bloom of male flowers reduced the number of blighted shoots. PT: Journal-article AN: 841397618 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 693 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Embryo development in 'Kerman' pistachio. AU: Lin-T-S; Polito-VS; Crane-JC SO: HortScience. 1984, 19: 1, 105-106; 1 pl.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Five to six weeks elapsed between full bloom and zygote division of Kerman pistachio. Various patterns of cell division in the proembryo, after transverse division in the zygote, brought about formation of a globular to heart-shaped embryo in the following 3-4 weeks. Cell enlargement in the cotyledons during the subsequent 4-5 weeks contributed mainly to final embryo size. The transition from free-nuclear to cellular endosperm was not limited to a definite stage of embryo development. The endosperm was almost digested by the time the embryo reached its ultimate size. PT: Journal-article AN: 840322329 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 694 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Gibberellin-like substances in pistachio as related to inflorescence bud abscission. AU: Lin-T-S; Crane-JC; Ryugo-K SO: HortScience. 1984, 19: 2, 267-268; 19 ref. LA: English AB: The levels of gibberellin-like substances in developing fruits and in developing inflorescence buds appeared to have no relationship with abscission of the latter and consequent alternate bearing. PT: Journal-article AN: 840323387 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 695 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Leaf-footed bug implicated in pistachio epicarp lesion. AU: Bolkan-HA; Ogawa-JM; Rice-RE; Bostock-RM; Crane-JC SO: California-Agriculture. 1984, 38: 3-4, 16-17; 7 col. fig. LA: English AB: The cause of a disorder of pistachio nuts in California, which is known as epicarp lesion although it also affects the mesocarp and endocarp, was found in 1983 to be Leptoglossus clypealis L., which infests several field and vegetable crops. The incidence of the disorder increased with the number of bugs confined in bags on pistachio, from 52.2% after feeding by 1 bug to 86% after feeding by 4 bugs. Nuts affected early in their development were more liable to premature fall. PT: Journal-article AN: 840516943 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 696 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Pistachio production problems. AU: Crane-JC SO: Fruit-Varieties-Journal. 1984, 38: 3, 74-85; 4 pl.; 25 ref. LA: English AB: A review of pistachio production in California, discussing botanical aspects, cultivars and current areas of research (including pruning, biennial bearing, vegetative propagation, blank (no kernel) production, shell dehiscence, epicarp lesion and nutrition). PT: Journal-article AN: 840323733 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 697 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Flower bud induction, fruit set and development in young pistachio trees after treatment with Alar 85. AU: Nahlawi-N; Kotob-MA; Meaded-A SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-lands. 1979, ACSAD-PS-P5, 32 pp.; 28 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Pistachio trees were treated twice with various Alar 85 [daminozide] concentrations in June and July. Treatment with 7500 p.p.m. was the most effective in reducing shoot growth and increasing flower induction the following season. Better results were obtained with repeated applications. Treatment with 2500 p.p.m. in June increased the crop by 30% in the same year compared with untreated control trees. Fruit growth was characterized by a double sigmoid curve. Stage 1 began at the end of April, with the pericarp growing rapidly until the end of May. Stage 2 was characterized by slow growth until the end of June, followed by rapid growth of pericarp and kernel until 10 August. In Stage 3 kernel growth continued but pericarp growth was reduced, until by harvest at the end of August nut weight was about 2.8 g and kernel weight 0.9 g. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324624 Record 698 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Recent techniques for propagating pistachio rootstocks by seed, followed by budding. AU: Ibrahim-IH; Nahlawi-N SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-lands. 1982, ACSAD-PS-P4, 21 pp.; 5 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Pistachios are generally propagated by seed. In trials in Syria, Algeria and Morocco, seeds (cv. Batouri) were sown in plastic bags during the period from 15 February to 10 March and the seedlings were budded during June, by the T or inverted L method. Pistachio seedling rootstocks were better than Pistacia atlantica or P. palestina rootstocks. Plants budded in plastic bags could be transplanted at any time of year. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324625 Record 699 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Studies on the mechanical harvesting of pistachio nuts under arid zone conditions. AU: Nahlawi-N; Kotob-MA; Nseir-P; Hassan-AH; Kawasma-Y; Ibrahim-IH SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-Lands. 1984, ACSAD-PS-P11, 43 pp.; 12 pl. (10 col.); 14 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Trials were carried out with 30-year-old Aschouri and Batouri trees and 10-year-old Batouri trees with yields varying from 8 to 36 kg/tree. Omisud and Inmico shakers removed 80-90% of the crop when used at the earliest possible harvest time. The remaining nuts had to be harvested by hand. Empty nuts remained on the tree during shaking. The results are discussed in relation to optimum nut maturity and separating normal nuts from empty nuts. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324626 Record 700 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Topworking old pistachio trees. AU: Nahlawi-N; Kotob-MA; Nahlawi-M; Ibrahim-IH SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-lands. 1983, ACSAD-PS-P10, 51 pp.; 11 pl. (10 col.); 12 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Eight-year-old pistachio trees were cut back to 20, 40, 60 or 80 cm above ground level and grafted in February, March or May. Grafting was most successful when done in February with trees cut back to 20 and 60 cm. In another trial, old trees were pruned severely in winter. The new shoots that developed were successfully T budded in mid June. Production could start 4 years after budding. Under favorable conditions trees may continue bearing for 100 years. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324627 Record 701 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Studies on the performance and mineral composition of pistachio as affected by fertilization under arid zone conditions. AU: Nahlawi-N; Kotob-MA; Mater-A; Mohammed-S; Nahlawi-M; Ibrahim-IH SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-Lands. 1984, ACSAD-PS-P12, 45 pp.; 8 col. pl.; 22 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: Twenty-five-year-old Aschouri and Batouri trees were fertilized with N at 2.5 kg/tree, P2O5 at 3.0 kg, K2O at 1.0 kg, ZnSO4, MnSO4 and Fe chelate in various combinations in 1972 and every 2 years until 1977. Data are tabulated on fibrous root distribution, shoot growth and yield. K accumulated more in bearing branches than non-bearing branches. Yields (3.1 to 9.6 kg/tree) were generally highest with NK, with higher yields in Batouri than Aschouri. The results are discussed in relation to biennial bearing. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324628 Record 702 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: Pistachio rootstock studies under arid zone conditions. AU: Ibrahim-IH; Nahlawi-N; Nahlawi-M SO: Publication,-Arab-Center-for-the-Studies-of-Arid-Zones-and-Dry-lands. 1984, ACSAD-PS-P13, 44 pp.; 8 col. pl.; 15 ref. LA: Arabic LS: English AB: In trials in Syria and elsewhere, seeds of pistachio cultivars Ascouri, Batouri and Barri, and of Pistacia atlantica, were sown in February and not watered. Germination of pistachio seeds was generally high (75% or more) but cv. Barri seeds germinated better when sown in March. Germination of P. atlantica seeds was low. Batouri and Aschouri seedlings were better than the others, producing uniform plants ready for budding in August and September. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 840324629 Record 703 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 TI: The potential of a mass screening technique for selection of pistachio rootstock material resistant to Verticillium dahliae. AU: Ashworth-LJ Jr. SO: Phytopathology. 1984, 74: 7, 818. LA: English AB: Mass plantings of 4 species were made in a field with an ID [inoculum density] of about 20 V. dahliae microsclerotia/g soil in 1982. Populations in 1983 were Pistacia atlantica, 2044 trees, with 7.8% hybrids; P. integerrima, 3144 trees, with 30.8% hybrids; P. terebinthus, 23 748 trees, with 4.2% hybrids; and P. vera, 13 444 trees, with 1.1% hybrids. Mortality among homotypic seedlings was 21% for P. atlantica, 2.2% for P. integerrima, 5.4% for P. terebinthus and 8.1% for P. vera. High susceptibility of hybrid seedlings was confined to those crosses of P. atlantica with other species, suggesting that susceptibility may be dominant over resistance. PT: Abstract-only AN: 841636210 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 704 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Effects of ethephon on shell dehiscence and flower bud abscission in pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT; Lin-T-S SO: HortScience. 1982, 17: 3, 383-384; 2 ref. LA: English AB: Dehiscence of the shells of pistachio nuts is a desirable characteristic as it facilitates shell removal from the kernel. Ethephon has been reported [see HcA 51, 4404] to increase it. When an ethephon spray at 500-2000 p.p.m. was applied about a month before harvest to trees of the cv. Kerman, the percentage of shell dehiscence was not increased compared with controls; treatment caused excessive gum exudation from the trunk and framework branches and pronounced flower bud abscission. PT: Journal-article AN: 820309675 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 705 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Pistachio variety Sirora. AU: Maggs-DH SO: Journal-of-the-Australian-Institute-of-Agricultural-Science. 1981, 47: 2, 109-110; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera, cv. Sirora, is described. It originated from an open-pollinated seedling of Red Aleppo. Its habit is spreading and it is slightly more vigorous than cv. Kerman. The leaves usually have 3 leaflets, with a length:breadth ratio of 1:3. The inflorescences are lateral and the ripening fruit is pink. The nut is intermediate in shape and slightly flattened at the suture. Sirora crops regularly, is free fruiting, shows uniform bud break, and the trees have been disease-free. Notes on leaf shape, flowering, fruiting and bud break throughout the genus are included.: Journal-article AN: 820309836 Record 706 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. II. Chemical composition. AU: Sepaskhah-AR; Maftoun-M SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1982, 57: 4, 469-476; 18 ref. LA: English AB: The effects of irrigation intervals of 1, 3 or 7 days, and salinity levels of the irrigation water of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 mmhos/cm on the chemical composition of local pistachio cvs Fandoghi and Badami were studied under glasshouse conditions. Chemical analyses indicated that the salinity level and irrigation regime affected the uptake and distribution of various nutrients in different ways. The accumulation of Cl and Na ions increased with a rise in salinity but was generally less with less frequent irrigation. In both cvs Na accumulation was more pronounced in the root than in the leaf or stem, whereas the reverse was noted for Cl ions. Increasing salinity had no definite effects on N, P, Ca or Mg contents but K was reduced in the root and accumulated markedly in the leaf. In general, Badami had a greater tendency than Fandoghi to accumulate most nutrients under saline conditions. The results are discussed with respect to the salt tolerance of pistachio. [For part I see HcA 52, 2784.] PT: Journal-article AN: 820310583 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 707 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Physiological and compositional changes associated with maturation of 'Kerman' pistachio nuts. AU: Labavitch-JM; Heintz-CM; Rae-HL; Kader-AA SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1982, 107: 4, 688-692; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio nuts were harvested weekly from mid-August to late September or early October in 1978 and 1979. Kernel moisture, respiration rate and total protein content decreased, while kernel dry weight increased, as nuts matured. Ether-extractable fat and total sugar contents reached a peak at optimum maturity. Either or both of these constituents may be used as a maturity index, in addition to ease of hull separation, to determine optimum harvest date. Nut quality was acceptable for harvest at any time during the 2- to 3-week period around the time of easy hull separation. Relatively low soluble sugar content and high phenolic content suggest that pistachio hulls would be less useful as animal feed than almond hulls, which have higher sugar and lower phenolic contents. PT: Journal-article AN: 820310614 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 708 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Contributions to the biology of useful plants. 1. The green pigment in cotyledons of pistachio nuts. OT: Beitrage zur Biologie der Nutzpflanzen. 1. Uber den grunen Farbstoff der Keimblatter der Echten Pistazie oder Grunmandel (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Franke-W; Loosen-R SO: Angewandte-Botanik. 1982, 56: 5-6, 307-313; 14 ref. LA: German LS: English AB: The green pigment in freshly harvested pistachio drupes was similar to that of the leaves, consisting of chlorophyll a and b with some xanthophyll and carotene. PT: Journal-article AN: 830311747 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 709 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Shell dehiscence in pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: HortScience. 1982, 17: 5, 797-798; 3 pl.; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Shell dehiscence in pistachio is dependent upon seed growth and development, as empty nuts fail to dehisce. Evidence is presented indicating that dehiscence is not the result of the seed exerting physical force on the surrounding shell, as has been suggested, but is a manifestation of abscission that is triggered by a substance or substances emanating from the seed. PT: Journal-article AN: 830312518 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 710 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Pistachio, a technique for chip budding. AU: Needs-RA; Alexander-DM SO: Australian-Horticulture. 1982, 80: 10, 87-89; 3 pl.; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Seeds of the rootstock spp. Pistacia atlantica and P. terebinthus, germinated in seed boxes or in rolled damp cloth, were planted in 10-cm pots. Seedlings were then transplanted in 10 X 25 cm plastic bags and were finally transferred into 15 X 35 cm bags or direct in the field for budding. For chip budding, carried out preferably in November, budwood was selected from shoots of the current flush of P. vera trees and the bud inserted 30-50 cm above soil level on the windward side of the rootstock. Polyvinyl-chloride budding tape was used for wrapping, and the top 10 cm of the rootstock was removed immediately. Over 90% success is claimed for the method. PT: Journal-article AN: 830316296 Record 711 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: An introduction to pistachio growing in Australia. AU: Maggs-DH SO: 1982, 36 pp.; 19 fig. (many col.), 240 X 175 mm; 29 ref. PB: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; Australia LA: English AB: Interest in the growing of pistachio in Australia has increased in the past 4-5 years and the available evidence suggests that the crop has a commercial future there. This booklet on the cultivation and use of pistachio in Australia includes a section on pests, in which it is reported that although Schneidereria pistaciicola (Danilevskii) (Recurvaria pistaciicola), Megastigmus pistaciae Wlk. and Plodia interpunctella (Hb.) cause important losses to the crop overseas, no major pests have so far been observed in Australia. PT: Book IB: 0-643-02990-7 AN: 830500382 Record 712 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: On leaf-gnawing beetles - weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of pistachio in Badkhyz. AU: Atamuradov-Kh-I; Pechen'-V SO: Izvestiya-Akademii-Nauk-Turkmenskoi-SSR,-Biologicheskikh-Nauk. 1981, No. 6, 76-78; 1 fig.; 10 ref. LA: Russian AB: A survey of the species of Curculionidae feeding on pistachio in Badkhyz, USSR, revealed the presence of 10 species, 6 of which were new to the fauna of the region. The most abundant species were Sitona fronto Faust, which had previously been recorded only on leguminous plants, and Pseudocoeliodes rubricus (Gylh.) (Coeliodes rubricus). PT: Journal-article AN: 820596008 Record 713 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Invasion of pistachio orchards by navel orangeworm moths from almond orchards. AU: Andrews-KL; Barnes-MM SO: Environmental-Entomology. 1982, 11: 2, 278-279; 1 fig.; 3 ref. LA: English AB: In studies in California, damage by Amyelois transitella (Wlk.) to pistachio nuts was especially severe in portions of an orchard adjacent to blocks of infested almonds which served as the sources of immigrant moths. The degree of damage diminished with distance from the principal external sources of moths, reaching economically unimportant levels at about 500 m. Pest management programmes for A. transitella in pistachios should include reduction efforts in almonds when almonds border pistachio orchards. PT: Journal-article AN: 820596218 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 714 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Seasonal abundance of different stages of the pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz., with special reference to its natural enemies. AU: Rizk-GN; Ardini-SA SO: Research-Bulletin,-Faculty-of-Agriculture,-Ain-Shams-University. 1981, No. 1654, 7 [+3] pp.; 4 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Field studies were carried out in Mosul, Iraq, in 1978-79 on the seasonal abundance of Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus) on pistachio. Adults remained in feeding galleries in new branches throughout the summer, and most of them subsequently migrated to old branches for reproduction. Aestivation occurred in new branches in June-August and hibernation in new branches and old stems in November-February. All the immature stages were found only in galleries in old stems. Eggs were laid in April-May and October-January. Larvae reached peak numbers in February and May. Prepupae and pupae were present from March to June and reached peak numbers in April. The immature stages were never found during the summer. Five species of parasites and 4 species of predators were found; the larval parasite Cheiropachus quadrum (F.) and the predatory mite Winterschmidtia sp. were the commonest. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 820597079 Record 715 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Ecological studies on the pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz. in Iraq. AU: Rizk-GN; Ardini-SA SO: Research-Bulletin,-Faculty-of-Agriculture,-Ain-Shams-University. 1981, No. 1666, 8 [+3] pp.; 8 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Observations were made in 2 pistachio orchards in Ninevah Governorate, Iraq, in 1977-79 on the biology of Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus). The seasonal incidence of adults was apparently positively related to temperature and negatively related to relative humidity. Peak numbers occurred in July-August. Adults preferred to feed in the upper parts of new branches and in branches on the south- and east-facing parts of trees. Other food-plants included Pistacia chinensis, P. khinjuk, P. mutica and P. terebinthus. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 820597146 Record 716 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Biological studies on the pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Iraq. AU: Rizk-GN; Ardini-SA SO: Research-Bulletin,-Faculty-of-Agriculture,-Ain-Shams-University. 1981, No. 1667, 12 [+6] pp.; 2 fig.; 8 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Field and laboratory studies were carried out in Iraq in 1977-79 on the biology of Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus) on pistachio. There were 2 generations a year. The gallery contruction behaviour of larvae and adults is described. The durations of the preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods in the field and of the life stages under laboratory and field conditions and on 3 different media were determined. Descriptions of the life stages are given. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 820597160 Record 717 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Ecological studies on the pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. in Iraq. AU: Rizk-GN; Abdullah-SI SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1981, recd. 1983, 16: 2, 143-151; 9 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: The abundance of Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus) on pistachio trees (Pistacia vera) was recorded in Iraq in 1977-79, with special reference to temperature and relative humidity. Populations increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing relative humidity. The relative numbers of feeding holes found in 5 directions and at 2 height levels of the trees showed that the adults preferred to feed on the upper and lighter (south-facing) parts of the tree, especially the youngest branches. A. vestitus was found infesting P. chinensis, P. khinjuk, P. mutica and P. terebinthus as well as P. vera. PT: Journal-article AN: 830599972 Record 718 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Biological studies on the pistachio bark-beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Iraq. AU: Rizk-GN; Abdullah-SI SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1981, recd. 1983, 16: 2, 153-166; 2 fig.; 8 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Pistachio trees in Iraq are often heavily infested by Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus). The scolytid had 2 generations a year, and the adults and older larvae hibernated and the adults also aestivated. All adults aestivated and 30% of them hibernated in new branches, while 70% of the adults and all of the larvae hibernated in the old branches. Feeding resumed in March, either in the same galleries or in new ones. Males and females emerged in about equal numbers and fed on the young branches, but later on most of them migrated to the old tunnels for mating and oviposition. PT: Journal-article AN: 830599973 Record 719 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Growing pistachio/almond plantations on terraces. AU: Kravchenko-VI SO: Lesnoe-Khozyaistvo. 1982, No. 3, 27-28; 5 ref. LA: Russian AB: A survey is given of experience since the 1960s in the creation of pistachio [Pistacia vera]/Bukhara almond [Prunus bucharica] plantations on dry slopes in forest districts of Kirgizia (Soviet Central Asia). Terracing markedly improved the soil water regime. Plantations established with 2000-2300 plants/ha by direct sowing have been quite successful. Practical recommendations are made on terracing and cultivation. PT: Journal-article AN: 820684508 Record 720 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Storage relative humidity in Rafsanjan and impossibility of pistachio aflatoxicosis after nut processing. AU: Mojtahedi-H; Danesh-D; Haghighi-B; Fathi-S SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1980, publ. 1981, 16: 1-4, 20-21; 80-85 (Pe section); 1 fig., 2 tab.; 12 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: The min. RH required for Aspergillus flavus to grow on pistachio nuts was determined in the lab. and compared with ranges of RH prevailing in the main warehouse of one of the principal pistachio nut buyers in Rafsanjan, the main nut growing and export centre of Iran. It was concluded that aflatoxin production under Iranian conditions is unlikely even where high levels of A. flavus contamination occur. The implication of these findings in relation to nut storage in more humid areas was discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 831391398 Record 721 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Pistachio in the Darvaza mountain range. AU: Popov-KP SO: Turkmenistan-SSR-Ylymlar-Akademijasynyn-Habarlary,-Biologik-Ylymlaryn. 1981, No. 2, 71-73; 4 ref. LA: Russian LS: Turkmenian, English AB: The salient characteristics of the local Darvaza population from the Tajik SSR are described. It is similar in morphological characters to the Kopetdag population and also forms small fruit (weighing on average 0.2 g). The fruits of this population were the smallest of any of the Soviet Central Asian populations studied. PT: Journal-article AN: 831619730 Record 722 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Studies related to the description and evaluation of pistachio nut quality. AU: Kader-AA; Heintz-CM; Labavitch-JM; Rae-HL SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1982, 107: 5, 812-816; 12 ref. LA: English AB: After three months' storage nuts of the Pistacia vera cultivar Kerman were rated higher in firmness and sweetness but lower in crispness, bitterness and rancidity than those of Red Aleppo, Trabonella and Bronte. PT: Journal-article AN: 831620333 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 723 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio. OT: Lutte contre la verticilliose du pistachier. AU: Ashworth-LJ; Morgan-DP; Gaona-SA; McCain-AH SO: Plasticulture. 1983, No. 58, 33-44; 3 fig., 5 tab.; 12 ref. LA: English, French LS: Spanish, German AB: Wilt control in a pistachio orchard was achieved by mulching with rolls of polyethylene. The mulch was laid manually or by machine. The incidence of wilt inoculum was reduced over a depth of 4 feet, but residual inoculum occurred at greater depths; thus mulching must be repeated each year for annual crops. PT: Journal-article AN: 832418217 Record 724 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Pistachio culture: present situation and studies in progress. OT: Coltura del pistacchio: situazione attuale e ricerche in corso. AU: Avanzato-D; Monastra-F SO: Frutticoltura. 1981, 43: 10-11, 15-18; 6 pl. (4 col.); 18 ref. LA: Italian AB: Pistachio growing in different parts of the world is briefly surveyed and the large research programme being undertaken at the Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura di Roma is described. This includes work on breeding, plant biology (in particular pollination), propagation by grafting and from cuttings, and cultural methods. PT: Journal-article AN: 820304942 Record 725 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Anthocyanin pigment in the pistachio nut. AU: Miniati-E SO: Fitoterapia. 1981, 52: 6, 267-271; 16 ref. LA: English LS: Italian AB: The main anthocyanin pigment in pistachio nut skin was identified by chromatographic, chemical and spectral characteristics as cyanidin-3-O- beta -galactoside. This is the first report of anthocyanins in the genus Pistacia. PT: Journal-article AN: 820308018 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0367-326X%2352%23267%236&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= Record 726 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Effects of fertilizers on growth and fruit quality of pistachio nuts grown in south-east Turkey. AU: Bilgen-AM; Gezerel-O; Kaska-N SO: Abstracts, XXIst International Horticultural Congress. 1982, Vol. I, Abstract No. 1355. PB: International Society for Horticultural Science; Hamburg; German Federal Republic LA: English AB: The uptake of nutrients of foliar fertilizers (Wuxal-3 and 5, Bayfolan, Heksal and urea) by the leaves of two Turkish pistachio cvs was studied, using 630 trees. After two years the N level of the leaves was increased significantly by foliar fertilizers, especially urea, and Wuxal-3 and 5. Bayfolan and Wuxal-5 increased the leaf P level. Both Wuxal types increased the leaf K level. The leaf Fe content was higher in treated trees, especially with Wuxal-3 and 5. The leaf Zn content was increased, especially by Bayfolan, Wuxal-3 and 5. The annual growth of the twigs was significantly increased by Bayfolan and Wuxal-3 and 5. Oil content and the weight of 100 nuts were not affected by treatments. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 820309050 Record 727 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: The life history and pest status of the pistachio bud moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler, on Pistacia vera in Iran (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). AU: Samet-K SO: Entomologist's-Gazette. 1982, 33: 1, 33-34; 1 pl. LA: English AB: In April 1969, pistachio trees in the south-western Rafsanjan district of Iran failed to produce flowers. The cause was found to be attack by larvae of an unnamed gelechiid subsequently described as Telphusa pistaciae Sattler; its biology and injuriousness are described. Adults were observed in May, and mating took place about 3 days after adult emergence. Eggs were laid on both sides of the leaves of pistachio, the egg stage lasted 4-7 days, and the young larvae fed on the surface of the leaves. Towards the beginning of September, the 1st-instar larvae bored into the base of a bud, and feeding subsequently took place through the winter and into spring in the buds and associated green shoots. Up to 5 buds were consumed by a larva, and pupation took place inside the bud or green shoot in April or May. The pupal stage lasted about 15 days. Economic damage could be considerable, and in a survey in 2 villages in 1970 and 1971, up to 27% of all buds were attacked. T. pistaciae is known only from the Kerman Province, and the larva feeds only on pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 820591377 Record 728 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Seasonal abundance of different stages of the pistachio bark beetle Chaetoptelius vestitus Mulz., with special reference to its natural enemies. AU: Rizk-GN; Abdalla-SA SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1981, 16: 1, 153-162; 1 fig.; 3 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: The seasonal abundance of adults, eggs, larvae, prepupae and pupae of Acrantus vestitus (Muls. & Rey) (Chaetoptelius vestitus) were recorded on pistachio in Mosul Governorate, Iraq. The adults made feeding galleries in the new branches throughout the summer but migrated to older branches for reproduction; overwintering occurred either in new branches or in the trunk, but aestivation occurred in the feeding galleries in the new branches. All the immature stages were found in the breeding galleries in the old wood. Eggs were laid twice yearly in the breeding galleries in April-May, and both prepupae and pupae were found in March-June. A list is given of 5 Hymenopterous parasites and 4 mite predators of A. vestitus, of which the most abundant species were the pteromalid Cheiropachus quadrum (F.) and the saproglyphid Winterschmidtia sp. PT: Journal-article AN: 820593512 Record 729 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Evaluation of clear polyethylene mulch for controlling Verticillium wilt in established pistachio nut groves. AU: Ashworth-LJ Jr.; Gaona-SA SO: Phytopathology. 1982, 72: 2, 243-246; 2 fig., 4 tab.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Complete mulching of the soil surface of a 6-yr-old, drip-irrigated planting of pistachio nut trees with clear polyethylene sheeting for 2 months resulted in elimination of V. dahliae(undetectable amounts -- 0.07 microsclerotia (MS)/g in air-dry soil) to a depth of 120 cm. Initial inoculum densities at 30, 60, 90 and 120 cm were, respectively, 4.6, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.4 MS/g soil. Mulching was effective whether or not the soil was pre-irrigated with sprinklers before mulching early in July. Complete mulching was much more effective than treatments in which polyethylene sheets were separated by 0.5 or 1.2 m at tree rows. One year following mulching in 1979, av. infection percentages were 6.3, 1.6, 3.4 and 3.4, respectively, for the unmulched, completely mulched and mulch treatments in which the polyethylene sheets were separated by 0.5 and 1.2 m in the tree rows. Thus, disease control was, at best, c. 75%. Soil temp. at the 0-30 cm depth under mulches accounted for the demise of V. dahliae. Temp. did not, however, account for the loss of MS at 60, 90 and 120 cm. PT: Journal-article AN: 821383463 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 730 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Pistachio in Central Asia. AU: Popov-KP SO: Priroda,-USSR. 1980, No. 11, 21-23; 2 ref. LA: Russian AB: A study of putative hybrid trees between Pistacia vera vars. khinjuk and cabulica in the south of Turkmenistan cast doubt on their hybridity. They are thought to be examples of P. badghysi, a recently described species intermediate between the large-fruited P. vera and small-fruited species. [See also PBA 50, 2376]. PT: Journal-article AN: 821607215 Record 731 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: Design and development of an automatic electro-optical sorter for removing BGY fluorescent pistachio nuts. AU: Farsaie-A; McClure-WF; Monroe-RJ SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1981, 24: 5, 1372-1375; 9 fig., 1 tab.; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Several studies have recorded the correlation between fluorescence and aflatoxin contaminated nuts, and an automatic fluorescence sorter for pistachio nuts has been developed. It has been observed, from studies of the fluorescence of the nuts under long wavelength ultra-violet light, that they could be classified into 4 basic categories: bright-greening yellow (BGY), bright yellow (BY), normal (N) and purple (P) fluorescence. Several sorting indices were developed and tested, but work with a fibre optic photometer capable of making fluorescence measurements at 2 wavelengths simultaneously indicated that the log ratio log10 (I490/I420) was the best optical index for dividing pistachio nuts into the 4 categories. The highest levels of aflatoxin concentration occur in the BGY nuts, and the sorter had an accuracy of 94% for removing them, with only 2% of the other nuts being misclassified. The optimum feeding rate of the sorter was found to be 18 nuts/s, which is comparable with commercial colour sorters using the same type of feeding system. PT: Journal-article AN: 822413242 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 732 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983 TI: The effects of ethephon on ripening and splitting of pistachio nuts. AU: Torabi-M SO: HortScience. 1980, 15: 4, p.521; 1 ref. LA: English AB: Ethephon at 250, 500 or 750 p.p.m. applied one month before the beginning of harvest, significantly increased the percentage of ripe split pistachio nuts. PT: Journal-article CI: Horticultural Abstracts 51, 4404. AN: 812610518 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 733 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Morphology and reproduction of pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: Horticultural-Reviews. 1981, 3: 376-393; 6 pl.; 45 ref. LA: English AB: A review and discussion on the history of pistachio, its botany, bud development and pruning, inflorescence bud differentiation and development, fruit growth and development, alternate bearing, and chilling requirements. PT: Journal-article AN: 810300359 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 734 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Abscisic acid in pistachio as related to inflorescence bud abscission. AU: Takeda-F; Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1980, 105: 4, 573-576; 18 ref. LA: English AB: ABA levels in developing kernels or in developing inflorescence buds were not found to be related to abscission of inflorescence buds and consequent alternate bearing in pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 800389561 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 735 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Translocation and distribution of 14C-photosynthates in bearing and nonbearing pistachio branches. AU: Takeda-F; Ryugo-K; Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1980, 105: 5, 642-644; 1 fig.; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Movement of 14C-photosynthates was examined in bearing and nonbearing branches of pistachio cv. Kerman during the period of inflorescence bud abscission. Most of the 14C transported from leaves accumulated in developing nuts. Inflorescence buds on defruited trees accumulated twice as much 14C-photosynthate as those on fruiting trees. Inflorescence buds competed poorly against the developing fruit for photosynthate and this might be responsible for inflorescence bud abscission and resultant alternate bearing. PT: Journal-article AN: 800389846 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 736 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: The effect of ethephon on ripening and splitting of pistachio nuts. AU: Torabi-M SO: HortScience. 1980, 15: 4, 521; 1 ref. LA: English AB: Ethephon at 250, 500 or 750 p.p.m. applied one month before the beginning of harvest, significantly increased the percentage of ripe split pistachio nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 810390836 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 737 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Respiration and ethylene production of the developing 'Kerman' pistachio fruit. AU: Toumadje-A; Crane-JC; Kader-AA SO: HortScience. 1980, 15: 6, 725-727; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Respiration rate of pistachio cv. Kerman fruit increased progressively during seed growth and development up to approximately 125 ml CO2 kg-1 h-1 and gradually declined after the completion of seed growth. Seedless fruit respired at a constant rate 5 to 6 times lower than that of fruit with seeds. Ethylene evolution from seeded fruit was not significantly different from that of seedless fruit (0.15-0.4 mu l kg-1 h-1) and constant low levels of ethylene were maintained throughout the period of shell and hull dehiscence and fruit maturation. PT: Journal-article AN: 810392570 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 738 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for detection of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AU: Haghighi-B; Thorpe-C; Pohland-AE; Barnett-R SO: Journal-of-Chromatography. 1981, 206: 1, 101-108; 16 ref. LA: English PT: Journal-article AN: 810391671 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0021-9673%23206%23101%231&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: The JCR rank of this journal in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is 110 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 739 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: "Stigmatomycosis" of the nuts of the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Kouyeas-H SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-Phytopathologique-Benaki. 1979, 12: 1, 147-148; 1 col.fig.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: In the Attica area ripe nuts were attacked by Nematospora coryli, incidence reaching 80%. Internal symptoms were brown necrotic areas and malformation of cotyledons. The insect vector has not been reported from Greece. PT: Journal-article AN: 801368473 Record 740 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Estimation of the aflatoxin contamination (types B1+B2 and G1+G2) on the pistachio nut by thin-layer chromatography and U.V. radiation. AU: Khashabi-H; Tayebi-J SO: Entomologie-et-Phytopathologie-Appliquees. 1980, 48: 2, 145-148; 35-36; 3 ref. LA: Persian LS: English AB: In 1975 no aflatoxins were found in samples obtained from the Rafsandjan area in Iran, whereas in 1976, 12 samples of 108 from the same area were contaminated with aflatoxins B1+B2. The method used is outlined. PT: Journal-article AN: 811371272 Record 741 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for detection of aflatoxin in pistachio nuts. AU: Haghighi-B; Thorpe-C; Pohland-AE; Barnett-R SO: Journal-of-Chromatography. 1981, 206: 1, 101-108; 4 fig., 3 tab.; 16 ref. LA: English AB: The method described enabled aflatoxins B1 and G1 to be detected in experimentally and naturally contaminated samples of pistachio nuts. The detection limit was 0.5 mu g/kg. PT: Journal-article AN: 811372879 FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0021-9673%23206%23101%23F&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: The JCR rank of this journal in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is 110 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 742 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Xenia and metaxenia in pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Iwakiri-BT SO: HortScience. 1980, 15: 2, 184-185; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Fruit size and maturity of Pistacia vera 'Kerman' were not affected by pollen from five sources (three pistachio varieties, P. atlantica and P. vera X P. atlantica). Percentage fruit set after hand pollination with pollen from the different sources did not differ significantly. Nuts resulting from pollination with Peters and Ask pollen had greater percentages of split shells than those resulting from P. atlantica pollen. The degree of shell splitting of nuts from all five pollen sources was inversely related to the percentage of empty nuts, indicating that shell splitting was related to kernel development rather than type of pollen. Xenia was evident in the effect of hybrid and P. atlantica pollen in reducing kernel length and dry weight. PT: Journal-article AN: 811696039 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 743 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Effect of strength of nutrient solution on the growth and nutrient uptake of pistachio seedlings. AU: Parsa-AA; Wallace-A SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1980, 2: 1 & 2, 257-261; 6 ref. LA: English AB: In an effort to find the most appropriate nutrient solution for the growth of pistachio seedlings, three major Iranian pistachio cultivars, Badami and Fandoghi (Pistacia vera L.) and Beneh (Pistacia terebinthus L.) seedlings were grown in an automated sand culture system in a glasshouse for 8 weeks. Treatments included 0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 strength Hoagland solution. Aerial and root growth as well as the uptake of P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B were determined. Highest growth of aerial and root portions were associated with dilute (1 strength nutrient solution or lower) and tolerance of media salinity was higher by Badami and Fandoghi than by Beneh. PT: Journal-article AN: 811960061 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 744 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Differential partitioning of boron and calcium in shoots of seedlings of two pistachio cultivars. AU: Parsa-AA; Wallace-A SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1980, 2: 1 & 2, 263-266; 19 ref. LA: English AB: In a greenhouse pot culture experiment, uniform seedlings of two Iranian pistachio cultivars (Pistacia vera L.) previously established in sand were transferred into pots containing Moreno soil from California and treated with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mu g B per g soil on the soil basis. Analysis of plant parts revealed that uptake by all parts increased with increasing rates in both soils and more B was retained bu senescent parts, but differentially by the two cultivars. None of B levels had any adverse effect on vegetative growth in eight weeks even with shoot B concentrations of over 300 mu g/g in the old leaves. Calcium partitioned like B did. PT: Journal-article AN: 811960062 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 745 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Dual-wavelength fiber optic photometer measures fluorescence of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts. AU: McClure-WF; Farsaie-A SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE. 1980, 23: 1, 204-207; 6 fig., 4 tab.; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The presence of greenish yellow fluorescence on nuts indicates the presence of aflatoxin. A dual-wavelength fibre-optic fluorescence photometer was tested by measuring the sorting index k log10 (I490/I420) of nuts exhibiting different kinds of fluorescence under long wavelength ultraviolet excitation, where I490 and I420 are the fluorescence at 490 and 420 nm respectively. The performance of the photometer was based upon the assumption that the visual classification was correct, although it was difficult to discriminate between fluorescence and colour on some nuts. The photometer is currently being incorporated into an automatic sorting machine with 3 dual-wavelength sensing units mounted 120 deg apart for sensing fluorescence of nuts in aerial motion. Its performance cannot exceed the performance of the static arrangement because the fluorescent part of the nuts in motion may not face directly into the sensing unit. Further studies with the automatic sorter may show a correlation between the amount of fluorescence and aflatoxin concentration, so that the sorter may not be required to remove all nuts showing greenish yellow fluorescence. PT: Journal-article AN: 802407976 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 746 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Design of an automatic fluorescence sorter for pistachio nuts. AU: Farsaie-A; McClure-WF SO: ASAE-Paper. 1980, No. 80-6037, 12 pp; 1 tab., 7 fig.; 7 ref. LA: English AB: A prototype automatic sorter was designed and constructed to separate bright greenish-yellow (BGY) pistachio nuts from other nuts. It has a scanning head with 3 sets each of excitation and emission optics (sensing units), arranged 120 deg apart around a glass shield. Each excitation optic consists of a fluorescent lamp and a primary filter, having more than 55% transmission at 365 nm. The sensing unit incorporates 2 lenses inside a 10.8 cm long black tube, which is affixed to the housing of the scanning head. The lenses are designed to focus an object at the centre line of the glass tube on the blended end of the 15.24 cm long, bifurcated fibre optic. Two narrow band interference filters are used to isolate the 420 and 490 nm bands and are interposed between the bifurcations and the detectors. The bifurcated ends of the fibre optics are focussed on the photocathode of an RCA photomultiplier tube. Accuracy of the sorter, involving more than 380 kg of pistachio nuts, was found to exceed 94% in removing BGY nuts. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 812410248 Record 747 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: The past and present areas under pistachio trees in middle Asia. AU: Popov-KP SO: Akademiia-Nauk-Turkmenskoi-SSR,-Ashkhabad,-Izvestiya,-Seriia-Biologicheskikh-Nauk. 1978, 4: pp. 42-47; 22 refs. LA: Russian LS: English AB: The present sparse population of pistachio trees covers an area of about 300,000 ha in middle Asia. It is a remnant of a vast population of Pistacia vera L. which used to occupy the 500-1500 m zone above sea level. PT: Journal-article AN: 802606520 Record 748 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Pistachio Production in Arizona. AU: Mielke-EA; True-LF SO: University-of-Arizona,-Cooperative-Extension-Service,-Series. 1979, No. Q369, 2 pp. LA: English AB: Various factors involved in production of pistachio nuts in Arizona are outlined. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 802606697 Record 749 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Effect of strength of nutrient solution on the growth and nutrient uptake of pistachio seedlings. AU: Parsa-AA; Wallace-A SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1980, 2: 1-2, 257-261; 6 ref. LA: English AB: In an effort to find the most appropriate nutrient solution for the growth of pistachio seedlings, three major Iranian pistachio cultivars, Badami and Fandoghi (Pistacia vera L.) and Beneh (Pistacia terebinthus L.) seedlings were grown in an automated much more than sand culture system in a glasshouse for 8 weeks. Treatments included 0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 strength Hoagland solution. Aerial and root growth as well as the uptake of P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B were determined. Highest growth of aerial and root portions were associated with dilute solution (1 strength or lower). Tolerance of media salinity was higher by Badami and Fandoghi than by Beneh. PT: Journal-article CI: Soils and Fertilizers 44, 7075. AN: 812610613 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 750 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: The unique response of the pistachio tree to inadequate winter chilling. AU: Crane-JC; Takeda-F SO: HortScience. 1979, 14: 2, 135-137; 4 pl.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: In 1978, after the mildest winter for 48 years in California, blooming and foliation in cv. Kerman pistachio trees were delayed for about 1 week, both vegetative and flower bud opening were irregular and the periods over which they occurred were prolonged by several days. Leaflets were incompletely developed, leaves had a reduced number of leaflets and nuts were produced both laterally and terminally on current season's shoots in addition to their normal production laterally on 1-year-old wood. PT: Journal-article AN: 790376760 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 751 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Levels of total azinphos-methyl components on pistachio pericarp, shell, and kernel. AU: Archer-TE; Gauer-WO SO: HortScience. 1979, 14: 2, 137-138; 5 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio pericarp, shell and kernel were analysed for levels of azinphos-methyl and its oxygen analogue 21 days after application of 227 g (0.56 kg/ha) and 454 g (1.12 kg/ha) per 379 litres applied at the rate of 1136 litres/0.405 ha with an airblast sprayer. Levels of chemical ranged from 0.8 to 11.6 p.p.m. in the pericarp and only negligible levels were detected in the shell and kernel. Hull split (a natural process which can influence residues in the shell) ranged from 4.4 to 17.2%. Method sensitivity was 0.1 p.p.m. and recoveries ranged from 80 to 100%. PT: Journal-article AN: 790376761 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 752 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Feasibility of pistachio growing in Algeria and demarcation of suitable areas. OT: Possibilites de culture et delimitation des zones a vocation pistachier en Algerie. AU: Khelil-A; Kellal-A SO: Fruits. 1980, 35: 3, 177-185; 2 maps; 9 ref. LA: French LS: English, German, Spanish, Russian AB: The ecological and cultural requirements, floral biology, varieties and propagation of pistachios are discussed and the suitability of different parts of the country indicated in terms of soil, rainfall, temperature and altitude. PT: Journal-article AN: 800385684 Record 753 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: On the ecology of gall-forming aphids (Homoptera, Aphidoidea), and a complex of invertebrates associated with them, on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Fet-V-Ya SO: Izvestiya-Akademii-Nauk-Turkmenskoi-SSR,-Biologicheskikh-Nauk. 1979, No. 3, 67-70; 7 ref. LA: Russian LS: English, Turkmenian AB: During the years 1976-77 a study was carried out on gall-forming aphids and other invertebrates associated with them on pistachio trees in the Badkhyz forest reserve in Turkmenia (USSR). The main gall-forming species were Forda hirsuta Mordv. and Slavum lentiscoides Mordv. The number of galls varied between the 2 years of the study and was dependent on the physiological state of the trees. The galls were found to contain a complex of inquilines associated with them spatially and trophically. The lepidopteran Alophia combustella (H.-S.) was predacious on both aphid species, and the population density of the predator was unusually high. The complex of gall-inhabiting invertebrates was found to play an important role in the system of trophic relations. During the summer, F. hirsuta and S. lentiscoides were the main phytophagous species in the area under investigation. PT: Journal-article AN: 800569191 Record 754 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Contribution to the study of the insect fauna of pistachio. On the spatial distribution of Megastigmus pistaciae Walk. (Hym. Torymidae) and of Eurytoma plotnikovi Nik. (Hym. Eurytomidae) in Tunisia. OT: Contribution a l'etude de l'entomofaune du pistachier. Sur la distribution spatiale de Megastigmus pistaciae Walk. (Hym. Torymidae) et de Eurytoma plotnikovi Nik. (Hym. Eurytomidae) en Tunisie. AU: Jarraya-A; Helali-T SO: Bulletin-des-Recherches-Agronomiques-de-Gembloux. 1978, recd. 1980, 13: 3, 215-252; 7 fig.; 8 ref. LA: French LS: English AB: The main insect pests of pistachio in Tunisia, Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol'skaya and Megastigmus pistaciae Wlk., are already known to occur mainly in the north and the south of the country, respectively, the population density decreasing progressively towards the south for the first species and towards the north for the second. The reasons for this difference in distribution were studied. The predominance of E. plotnikovi in the north appeared to be due to earlier adult emergence and flight, which enabled it to colonise available food-plants before the competing species appeared. Survival of M. pistaciae on trees already so colonised was due to its marked ability to search for and find fruits not infested by E. plotnikovi. In the more southern parts of Tunisia, the interval between adult emergence of the 2 species progressively decreased, because low temperatures were not necessary for the termination of larval diapause in M. pistaciae, of which adults emerged up to 4 months earlier than usual in the absence of cold weather, whereas at least 80 days of low temperatures were required to reactivate the overwintering larvae of E. plotnikovi. In laboratory observations, the maximum number of adults was obtained after exposure of the larvae to 10 deg C for 160 days, although the diapause period was not shortened. The milder weather of southern Tunisia would thus tend to eliminate E. plotnikovi. The effects of food-plant characters and abundance of nut yield on the relative density of populations of the 2 species are also discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 800569362 Record 755 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: A new interspecific hybrid of pistachio (Pistachiaceae) from southern Turkmenia. OT: Novaya nakhodka mezhvidovogo gibrida fistashki Pistaciaceae v yuzhnoi Turkmenii. AU: Popov-KP SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1977, 62: 8, 1203-1206; 1 pl.; 11 ref. LA: Russian AB: A new sterile hybrid Pistacia vera x P. cabulica is described from pistachio woodlands at 800 alt. in the Badkhyz nature reserve close to the Afghanistan border. P. cabulica has not yet been recorded from Turkmenia. PT: Journal-article AN: 790657741 Record 756 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Best forms of pistachio in southern Kirgizia. AU: Bolotov-S SO: Bioekol.-issled.-v-orekhovoplod,-lesakh-Yuzhn.-Kirgizii. 1979, 50-61; 7 ref. PB: Frunze.; Kirgiz SSR LA: Russian AB: Descriptions are given of the most promising forms selected from natural populations [of Pistacia vera]. PT: Miscellaneous CI: Plant Breeding Abstracts 49, 11300. AN: 800663061 Record 757 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Correlation between climatic data and aflatoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Danesh-D; Mojtahedi-H; Barnett-R; Campbell-A SO: Phytopathology. 1979, 69: 7, 715-716; 1 tab.; 6 ref. LA: English AB: All shipments of Iranian pistachio nuts to the USA must be inspected for aflatoxin contamination and at irregular intervals some of them are rejected. The only point-of-origin climatic factors correlated with rejections were rainfall and number of calm days/month from Aug. to Nov., the period of ripening and harvest. These conclusions support those of previous studies. PT: Journal-article AN: 791360455 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 758 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Research on the bio-ecology and control of black rust (Septoria pistacina All.), causing damage on pistachio in Gaziantep province. OT: Gaziantep ili antepfistiklarinda zarar yapan karazenk hastaligi (Septoria pistacina All.)'nin bio-ekolojisi ve korunma olanaklari uzerinde arastirmalar. AU: Dinc-N; Goksedef-O; Turan-K SO: Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1978, No.12, 142-144; 1 tab. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Yield losses varied from 3 to 100%. The fungus overwintered on infected fallen leaves and ascospores were formed in spring. These attacked nuts 4-5 mm large. Pycnidiospores from pycnidia after initial infection infected leaves during summer. The incubation period was 19-30 days. Spermogonia were formed about Sept. Spraying should begin at petal fall, after pollination, and be repeated every 15-17 days depending on disease development. PT: Journal-article AN: 791361090 Record 759 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: A new pistachio species - Pistacia badghysi K. Pop. sp. nov. AU: Popov-KP SO: Turkmenistan-SSR-Ylymlar-Akademijasynyn-Habarlary,-Biologik-Ylymlaryn. 1978, No. 5, 5-7; 9 ref. LA: Russian AB: A description and Latin diagnosis are given of this species which is found in the Badkhyz area of southern Turkmenistan and is possibly of hybrid origin. PT: Journal-article AN: 791682434 Record 760 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: The induction of flower buds, fruit set, and development in Pistachio young tree after treatment of Alar 85 in Syria. AU: Nahlawi-N; Kotob-MA; Meaded-A SO: 1978, 26 pp.; 7 pl., 5 fig.; 31 ref. PB: Damascus: Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (ASCAD).; Syria LA: Arabic AB: Pistachio trees were treated with Alar 85 in June and July, 1973 and 1974 to reduce shoot growth and increase flower induction. Treatment of 2,500 ppm Alar 85 increased the nut crop by 30%. Treatment of 7,500 ppm was considered most effective after one season of the first treatment. Repeated treatments gave the best results. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 792601292 Record 761 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Cultivation of pistachio-nut tree (Pistacia vera, L.) AU: Milner-Nevo-A SO: Ben-Gurion-University-of-the-Negev,-Research-and-Development-Authority,-Applied-Research-Institute,-Scientific-Activities. 1977, 64-66. LA: English AB: Assistance was given to farmers in Judea, Samaria and the Golan Heights for the establishment of new groves of pistachio-nut trees, and advice was given on the appropriate care and practices in recently established ones. A program for the establishment of observation plots and small experimental groves in the St. Catharine area (Sinai Mts.) was prepared. Planting was scheduled for spring 1978. The central Negev Highlands offer favorable conditions for successful cultivation of pistachio. Budgetary evaluations and plans for the gradual establishment of a 500-dunam grove in the vicinity of Mitzpe Ramon were prepared. The utilization of sewage water for irrigation is foreseen. Surveys were continued at a small observation plot established in the area. Work continued on: (1) Response of pistachio to brackish water irrigation at the Mashabei-Sadeh experimental plot; (2) Pruning and its effects on fruit bearing, dormancy breaking and other phenomena; (3) Top-working as a practice for rendering old trees of the wild species P. atlantica and P. palaestina productive; (4) Effect of irrigation and fertilization on nut splitting; (5) Various aspects of pollination, i.e. collection and preservation of pollen, pollination techniques, the effect of pollen source on nut quality, etc.; (6) Methods of vegetative propagation, particularly budding and grafting; and (7) Plant protection, e.g. the identification and control of pests and diseases. PT: Abstract-only AN: 792601714 Record 762 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Chemical rest breaking in pistachio in Mexico. AU: Lagarda-MA SO: International Society for Horticultural Science: Abstracts, XXth International Horticultural Congress. 1978, Abstract No. 1477. PB: International Society for Horticultural Science.; Sydney; Australia LA: English PT: Miscellaneous AN: 780366556 Record 763 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Development of indices for sorting Iranian pistachio nuts according to fluorescence. AU: Farsaie-WFA; McClure-WF; Monroe-RJ; Ali-Farsaie-WF SO: Journal-of-Food-Science. 1978, 43: 5, 1550-1552; 4 ref. LA: English AB: Nuts emitting bright-greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescence under long-wave UV light have a high probability of aflatoxin contamination. Comparative data on the efficiencies of the following six sorting indexes are tabulated: I490, I490/I470 and I490/I420, all with excitation at 360 nm; and I490, I490/I450 and I490/I550 with excitation at 420 nm, with I being the fluorescence intensity at the wavelengths indicated. The results showed that BGY-fluorescent nuts were separable from others by electronic means. PT: Journal-article AN: 780368307 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 764 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Pistachio growing in Iran. OT: Pistazienanbau im Iran. AU: Firuzeh-P; Ludders-P SO: Erwerbsobstbau. 1978, 20: 12, 254-258; 4 pl.; 9 ref. LA: German AB: Pistachios are grown in Iran for home market and export. Trees require a very warm site, dry in summer, relatively cold in winter, but are very susceptible to spring frosts. They are, however, salt-tolerant. On their own roots they come into cropping in the 8th-10th year. As rootstocks 4 species are used, P. vera, P. khinjuk, P. mutices and P. terebinthus. There is some incompatibility. About 30 cvs are grown, which are mainly indigenous. Fruiting is on 2-year-old wood only. Irrigation is needed in the nursery and for young trees. The commonest diseases are collar rot (Phytophthora parasitica [nicotianae var. parasitica]), mildew (Phyllactinia spp.), leaf speckling (Septoria spp.) and wilt (Verticillium spp.). PT: Journal-article AN: 790370782 Record 765 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Variability of pistachio fruits on the Apsheron peninsula. AU: Popov-KP SO: Rastitel'nye-Resursy. 1979, 15: 1, 127-131; 2 pl.; 9 ref. LA: Russian AB: Large-fruited, productive Pistacia vera trees were selected for propagation for large scale dryland cultivation in Central Asia and for further selection work. Apsheron pistachio is considered to be suitable for propagation by seed, thus avoiding grafting. PT: Journal-article AN: 790374187 Record 766 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Pistillate flower bud development in pistachio. AU: Takeda-F; Crane-JC; Lin-J SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1979, 104: 2, 229-232; 2 pl.; 8 ref. LA: English AB: In light and scanning electron microscopic studies of buds of the pistillate pistachio cv. Kerman, about 12 months elapsed from the time of inflorescence differentiation until the opening of individual flowers. Growth of the rachis and its lateral branches occurred from April to June; sepal diffentiation, from late May to mid June; pistil initiation, from early October to March; and carpel development, from late March to early April. Cessation of the development of the inflorescence buds during July, August and early September appeared to be unrelated to nut growth and development, as buds were inactive during that period in both bearing and nonbearing trees. PT: Journal-article AN: 790374488 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 767 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi-H; Danesh-D; Haghighi-B; Barnett-R SO: Phytopathology. 1978, 68: 12, 1800-1804; 1 fig., 4 tab.; 10 ref. LA: English AB: Fresh, uncracked pistachio nuts were tested for Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin before and after a commercial washing treatment. The wash water was a source of fungal contamination but, in spite of this, no aflatoxin was produced when the nuts were exposed to low humidity after immediate drying in the sun. Commercially hulled and dehulled nuts, inoculated with A. flavus spores, were incubated for as long as 4 months at RH 25, 65 and 100%. No aflatoxin was detected on nuts stored at the lower humidities but it was detected at 100% RH. PT: Journal-article AN: 790378131 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 768 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Navel orangeworm: a pest of pistachio nuts in California. AU: Rice-RE SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology. 1978, 71: 5, 822-824; 1 fig.; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Amyelois transitella (Wlk.) has become the major pest of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera) in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Damage to pistachio nut kernels is similar to that caused by the pyralid to almonds and walnuts but is more difficult to detect during processing operations prior to marketing. In field tests in 1977, sprays of the experimental insecticides carbaryl and azinphos-methyl applied to nuts during early hullsplit reduced larval infestations by 55-78%. It was thought that, by combining orchard sanitation, preharvest insecticide sprays and early harvest into a seasonal pest management programme similar to that practised in almond orchards, the pest could be controlled on pistachio. PT: Journal-article AN: 790560121 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 769 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Suggestions on prevention of aflatoxin formation in pistachio nuts. AU: Denizel-T; Jemmali-M (ed.) SO: Mycotoxins in foodstuffs.: Les mycotoxines dans l'alimentation. Ibid. 1977, 54: 433-440; 26 ref. LA: English AB: It is recommended that dehulled nuts should be dried rapidly to a moisture content of 7.5% or less, sorted to remove nuts with split shells, and stored using fumigation or other means to prevent insect damage, that split nuts should be marketed first and storage facilities should be improved and centralized. If nuts are stored with hulls intact, split nuts should be separated from non-split ones. PT: Journal-article AN: 781349328 Record 770 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Toxic aspergilli from pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi-H; Rabie-CJ; Lubben-A; Steyn-M; Danesh-D SO: Mycopathologia. 1979, 67: 2, 123-127; 4 tab.; 21 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio nut samples, taken during various stages of development from orchards in Iran, showed that contamination with fungi occurred mainly during the later stages of nut development. Members of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium occurred most frequently. Of the A. spp., A. niger, A. flavus and A. fischeri var. spinosus occurred most frequently, followed by A. terreus, A. tamarii and A. nidulans. Twenty-two isolates comprising 13 spp. were tested for toxicity to ducklings. Isolates of known toxic fungi included A. flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. versicolor, A. nidulans and A. terreus. The toxicity of A. fischeri var. spinosus is reported. Chemical analysis showed that all isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus produced aflatoxin B1, the isolates of A. versicolor and A. nidulans produced sterigmatocystin while the toxic isolate of A. ochraceus did not produce ochratoxins. PT: Journal-article AN: 791356506 *LHM: IRAN University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal Record 771 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Research on the bio-ecology and control of Septoria pistacina All., attacking pistachio trees in Gaziantep province. OT: Gaziantep ili antepfistiklarinda zarar yapan karazenk hastaligi (Septoria pistacina All.) 'nin bio-ekolojisi ve korunma olanaklari uzerinde arastirmalar. AU: Dinc-N; Goksedef-MO; Turan-K SO: Bitki-Koruma-Bulteni. 1979, 19: 1, 16-38; 9 fig., 5 tab.; 20 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Yield losses of 3-100% due to the disease are recorded. The fungus overwinters on infected leaves and ascospores are formed in the following spring. These infect the trees when the nuts are c. 4-5 mm large. Pycnidia are produced on infected leaves continuously in summer, with an incubation period of 19-30 days. Spermogonia are formed about Sept. The 1st spray should be applied around petal fall, just after pollination, when nuts are c. 4-5 mm. If necessary the 2nd spray should follow 15-17 days later. Later sprays should be applied every 15-17 days if the disease continues to develop. PT: Journal-article AN: 791359486 Record 772 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, and other foods and feeds. Availability of guidelines. CA: USA, Food and Drug Administration. SO: Federal-Register. 1978, 43: 11, Jan. 17, 2444-2445. LA: English AB: Confirmation of aflatoxin B1 by chemical derivative has since 1964, been corroborated by the chicken embryo bioassay. Thus the chemical test can stand alone as the confirmatory test for aflatoxin for Brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, coconut meal, copra, maize and maize products, and cottonseed meal. PT: Journal-article CI: Food Science and Technology Abstracts (1978) 10, 6U500. AN: 781473648 Record 773 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: Distribution of economically useful forms of pistachio in Central Asia. AU: Popov-KP SO: Rastitel'n.-resursy. 1977, 13: 2, 364-371. LA: Russian AB: Pistachios were found to be distributed in four areas of Soviet Central Asia: the Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai, Badkhyz and Kopetdag regions. Marked variation was found in nut quality (weight, crackability and kernal yield) within individual populations. Crackability increased along a gradient from north to south except for pistachios on stony soils. Shell thickness decreased along a gradient from north to south. Kernel yield was 39-41% in the north of the area and approached 50% in the south, with individual forms reaching 55%. The heaviest nuts were found on trees in deep serozem soils between 900 and 1200 m above sea level. Thin-shelled forms with readily cracked nuts were selected in the Badkhyz area of Turkmenistan. PT: Journal-article CI: Referativnyi Zhurnal (1977) 10.55.953. AN: 791679233 Record 774 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981 TI: A nutritional disorder in pistachio from near Athens, Greece. AU: Procopiou-J; Wallace-A SO: Communications-in-Soil-Science-and-Plant-Analysis. 1978, 9: 10, 931-934; 4 ref. LA: English AB: A problem pistachio orchard near Athens, Greece had many trees with severely scorched leaves. Half or more of each leaflet was brown and dry but tips and edges were most affected. Affected leaves were also of lighter green color than normal leaves, slightly resembling Fe deficiency. Leaf analysis indicated low K, low Fe, and high Mg. Irrigation water contained moderate levels of Mg and Na chlorides and chloride toxicity was possibly another factor. Improvement was observed when Fe chelate was applied to the orchard but Mg-induced K deficiency was possibly a major factor. Response to K applied to soil was not observed after four months, however. PT: Journal-article AN: 791947373 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 775 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Carbohydrate and nitrogen levels in pistachio branches as related to shoot extension and yield. AU: Crane-JC; Al-Shalan-I SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1977, 102: 4, 396-399; 1 pl.; 9 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera, characteristically a biennial bearer, produces its most extensive shoot growth in years of heavy crop production. Levels of total sugars in bark and wood of bearing and non-bearing branches were similar throughout the year but starch levels were generally higher in non-bearing branches. Consequently, non-bearing branches in one year gave rise to heavy crops the next year and, because of greater quantities of nutrient reserves, also produced extensive shoot growth. Bearing branches of one year produced few or no nuts the next year and, because of lesser quantities of nutrient reserves, produced markedly less shoot growth. No relationship between total N level and shoot growth or fruiting was evident. PT: Journal-article AN: 770356844 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 776 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: A new method of vegetative propagation of physiologically-adult shoots of pistachio, walnut and pecan. OT: Nouvelle methode de multiplication vegetative de rameaux physiologiquement adultes, de pistachier, noyer et pacanier. AU: Assaf-R SO: Fruits. 1977, 32: 5, 309-319; 5 pl.; 10 ref. LA: French LS: English, German, Spanish, Russian AB: A method of nurse-grafting using nuts of the pecan cv. Burkett is described. Dormant woody cuttings, 10-12 cm long, of the walnut cvs Hartley and Franquette, pistachio cvs Sfax and Larnaka and pecan cv. Wichita rooted successfully under mist, when inserted between the cotyledons of germinating pecan nuts from which the radicle and epicotyl had been removed. Dipping the cuttings in 3000 p.p.m. IBA resulted in 100% rooting in all 3 species. The use of walnut, pistachio, macadamia and Juglans nigra nuts did not induce rooting in cuttings of any of the species tested. PT: Journal-article AN: 770357179 Record 777 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: The responses of young pistachio seedling to seven soil mixes and four fertilizer levels. AU: Yousif-YH SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1977, 12: 1, 43-54; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Soil, sand and/or FYM were mixed at 6 different rates and combinations and compared with soil only (control) for growing pistachio seedlings for budding. A soluble NPK fertilizer, Polyvedrol, was applied at 3 different rates (compared with a no-fertilizer control) every 12 days for a period of 168 days to plants growing in black plastic bags. The optimum stem diameter for budding was obtained in plants grown in a soil mixture containing 12.5% sand and 12.5% FYM and receiving N, P2O5 and K2O at 281 p.p.m. of each nutrient. Data on other variants are tabulated. PT: Journal-article AN: 780360843 Record 778 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Studies on the quality and viability of pistachio pollen. AU: Aleksandrovskii-ES SO: Lesomelior.-i-Zashchitnoe-Lesorazved.-v-Sredn.-Azii. 1977, 152-156. PB: Tashkent.; Uzbek SSR LA: Russian AB: Pollen quality (expressed as the number of well formed grains) depended on the state of the tree and on weather conditions; it varied between 60 and 99.8% over the years. Slightly dried pollen kept well and retained its viability after storage in sealed glass jars at 1-3 deg C [time unspecified]. The best medium for germination was 20% sugar solution + 2% gelatin. PT: Miscellaneous CI: Referativnyi Zhurnal (1978) 2.55.693. AN: 780361701 Record 779 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Quality of pistachio nuts as affected by time of harvest. AU: Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1978, 103: 3, 332-333; 1 ref. LA: English AB: Kernel dry weight and crude fat accumulation, as well as shell dehiscence and change in shell colour, all indicated that the nut of pistachio is physiologically mature at the time the hull separates easily from the shell. Harvesting prior to or after that critical point resulted in undeveloped kernels or in stained and unattractive shells, respectively. The data indicate that nuts of highest quality may be obtained by harvesting within a period of about one week. PT: Journal-article AN: 780365193 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 780 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in pistachio nuts prior to harvest. AU: Thomson-SV; Mehdy-MC SO: Phytopathology. 1978, 68: 8, 1112-1114; 2 tab.; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Pistachio nuts were sampled periodically from Calif. orchards prior to harvest to determine when A. flavus infected the developing nuts and if aflatoxins were present. A. flavus was not isolated from nuts in July and from only 0.3% of the nuts in Aug. However 11.8% were infected at harvest (15 Sept.). The increased infection was correlated with the exposure of the nut as the endocarp (shell) and often the mesocarp (hull) were split during maturation. At harvest 28% of the insect-damaged nuts were infected compared with only 6% of the undamaged nuts. When tested for synthesis of aflatoxin, 70% of the A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxin B1. However aflatoxins were not detected in 29 nut samples. PT: Journal-article AN: 780372959 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 781 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Moisture-equilibrium relative humidity relationships in pistachio nuts with particular regard to control of aflatoxin formation. AU: Denizel-T; Jarvis-B; Rolfe-EJ SO: Denizel, T.; Jarvis, B.; Rolfe, E. J. : A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture. 1976, 27: 11, 1027-1034; 5 fig., 2 tab.; 14 ref. LA: English AB: From determinations of adsorption and desorption isotherms of pistachio nut kernel, shell and hull, it was established that the critical moisture-equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) levels for mould growth were different for each component. Nuts inoculated with Aspergillus flavus conidia were brought to various ERH levels and mould growth was studied in controlled environment cabinets at 28 deg C. Competitive growth of xerophilic strs. of A. amstelodami prevented growth and aflatoxin production by A. flavus at ERH values of 86% and below. At 88% ERH marked aflatoxin production occurred, but there was competition between A. flavus and A. niger. The implications of these results in the handling and storage of pistachio nuts in Turkey are discussed. PT: Journal-article AN: 771339639 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 782 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: A field study of the mycoflora of the major pistachio-producing area of Turkey in relation to potential aflatoxin-producing organisms. AU: Denizel-T; Dobrzanski-B (ed.); Haman-J (ed.); Kowalska-A (ed.); Zalewski-W (ed.) SO: Mycotoxins in food. Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych. 1977, No. 189, 47-53; 4 tab.; 19 ref. LA: English LS: Russian, Polish AB: Results indicated that the soils of the pistachio production area contained toxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Its isolation from nuts on trees showed that contamination can occur long before harvest. Drying on the ground probably increases the contamination and regular turning of the nuts during drying enhances this probability. Storage, processing and drying are all discussed with reference to the spread of infection. PT: Journal-article AN: 781341880 Record 783 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Contamination of pistachio nuts with aflatoxins while on the trees and in storage. AU: Emami-A; Suzangar-M; Barnett-R; Dobrzanski-B (ed.); Haman-J (ed.); Kowalska-A (ed.); Zalewski-W (ed.) SO: Mycotoxins in food. Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych. 1977, No. 189, 135-140; 1 tab.; 10 ref. LA: English LS: Russian, Polish AB: None of the nuts studied contained aflatoxin before ripening. During ripening (on the trees) and after storage about 30% of the nuts were contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. The amount of aflatoxin increased X 4 after storage for 3 months despite a low moisture content. PT: Journal-article AN: 781341892 Record 784 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: The structure of the glycerides of pistachio kernel oil. AU: Daneshrad-A SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society. 1978, 55: 3, 317-319; 20 ref. LA: English PT: Journal-article AN: 781469826 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 785 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: New find of an interspecific hybrid of pistachio (Pistaciaceae) in southern Turkmenistan. AU: Popov-KP SO: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal. 1977, 62: 8, 1203-1206; 11 ref. LA: Russian AB: A morphological description is given of a spontaneous hybrid between Pistacia vera and another species, believed to be P. cabulica, which was found in Badkhyz province, east of the town of Kushka, near the border with Afghanistan. PT: Journal-article AN: 771656494 Record 786 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Nitrogen compounds in pistachio (Pistacia vera) seeds. AU: Nimadzhanova-KN SO: Izvestiya-AN-TadzhSSR,-Biol.-Nauk. 1975, No. 4, 57-60. LA: Russian LS: Tajik AB: The total N and non-protein N content of the seeds varied between 3.2-4.18% and 0.08-0.20%, respectively, and both compounds increased with altitude a.s.l. The amount of N compounds in the seed was not dependent on nut size or the percentage of husk opening. PT: Journal-article CI: Referativnyi Zhurnal (1976) 6.55.958. AN: 760344436 Record 787 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Carbohydrate levels in the pistachio as related to alternate bearing. AU: Crane-JC; Catlin-PB; Al-Shalan-I SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1976, 101: 4, 371-374; 26 ref. LA: English AB: Alternate bearing in the pistachio is caused by abscission of inflorescence buds during July and August when seed growth and development take place. There was rapid accumulation of sugars and conversion to fat in the nuts at that time, but sugar and starch levels in the bark and wood of nut-bearing branches were not appreciably different from those in similar tissues of non-bearing branches. The inflorescence bud-drop phenomenon did not appear to be the result of carbohydrate deficiency. PT: Journal-article AN: 760345668 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 788 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Moisture-equilibrium relative humidity relationships in pistachio nuts with particular regard to control of aflatoxin formation. AU: Denizel-T; Rolfe-EJ; Jarvis-B SO: Denizel, T.; Jarvis, B.; Rolfe, E. J. : A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture. 1976, 27: 11, 1027-1034; 1 fig.; 14 ref. LA: English AB: Adsorption and desorption isotherms for kernel, shell and hull are presented and discussed. Nuts inoculated with Aspergillus flavus conidia were equilibrated to various moisture-equilibrium relative humidity levels (ERH) and stored at 28 deg C. Competitive growth of xerophilic fungi (strains of A. amstelodami) prevented growth and aflatoxin production by A. flavus at ERH 86% and below, but in sealed containers moisture produced by A. amstelodami raised the ERH above 86% and permitted toxin production by A. flavus. The results are discussed in relation to post-harvest handling and storage. PT: Journal-article AN: 760348110 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 789 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Effects of four rootstocks on yield and quality of pistachio nuts. AU: Crane-JC; Forde-HI SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1976, 101: 5, 604-606; 7 ref. LA: English AB: During the first 5 years of production, significantly greater yields of pistachios were obtained with Kerman pistachio on seedlings identified as Pistacia atlantica than with Kerman on seedlings of P. palaestina, P. terebinthus or P. vera. The least productive combination was Kerman on P. vera. Weight per nut, percent blank nuts, and percent nuts with split shells did not differ significantly among the rootstock combinations. PT: Journal-article AN: 760348162 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 790 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Vegetative propagation of pistachio. AU: Giyazov-SN SO: Sadovodstvo. 1976, No. 10, 33-34; 10 fig. LA: Russian AB: Four budding methods are discussed and illustrated. Although take was almost equally good with all 4 methods labour economy varied considerably. The most productive method was with shield buds with or without wood. PT: Journal-article AN: 760348477 Record 791 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Vegetative propagation of pistachio. AU: Olekhnovich-GS; Chernova-GM SO: Sadovodstvo. 1976, No. 10, 34-35. LA: Russian AB: In 4-year trials pistachios were budded with shield buds from mid-June to mid-July or in mid-April. The shield buds used were never shorter than 3 - 3.5 cm. Summer budding gave 80 - 97% take and spring budding 82 - 89%. PT: Journal-article AN: 760348478 Record 792 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: The effect of the date and rate of DNOC application on the earliness of flowering of female pistachio trees (Pistacia vera). AU: Pontikis-KA SO: Nea-Agrotiki-Epitheorisis. 1976, No.10, 336-337; 3 ref. LA: Greek LS: English AB: DNOC 2.5% at 5, 10, 15 or 20% was applied, the highest rate consistently giving the best results. All treatments were effective when carried out from late autumn (leaf fall stage) until the time when the trees had been exposed to temperatures below 10 deg C for 1500 h. The earliest treatments (mid-November) were the most efficient. [See also HcA 46, 9098.] PT: Journal-article AN: 770352785 Record 793 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Investigations on stigmatomycosis (massu disease) of pistachio. AU: Ershad-D; Barkhordary-M SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1976, 12: 1; 2, 17-23; 19-26; 1 pl.; 12 ref. LA: English, Persian AB: It was established that Nematospora coryli is an important agent of pistachio massu disease. Eremothecium cymbalariae was also isolated from some diseased pistachio nuts, though its role as a pathogen was not established. Inoculating the blossoms by spraying or the nuts with a needle did not produce the disease. It is suggested that feeding by sucking insects such as bugs is necessary for transmission of N. coryli. The nuts were subject to infection during the whole period of their development. The spores of N. coryli were not distributed by air. The causal agent was viable for at least 4 years in contaminated nuts under natural conditions. PT: Journal-article CI: Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture 3, 13983. AN: 770352963 Record 794 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Training young pistachio trees. AU: Opitz-KW; Ross-NW SO: Leaflet,-Division-of-Agricultural-Sciences,-California-University. 1976, No. 2916, 4 pp.; 8 fig. LA: English PT: Miscellaneous AN: 770353248 Record 795 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Mineral element changes in pistachio leaves. AU: Uriu-K; Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1977, 102: 2, 155-158; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Concentrations of several elements in leaflets of Pistacia vera cv. Kerman did not differ significantly with leaflet position. Leaflets may therefore be used instead of whole leaves for sampling. Leaflet N, P and Zn concentrations were relatively high initially, then dropped rapidly during leaf expansion, reaching a steady state in early summer. Mn increased from an initially low level and then remained fairly constant. K, Mg, Cl and B behaved similarly to Mn, but reached constant levels later in the season. Leaves from bearing branches were lower in N and P but higher in K than leaves from non-bearing branches. It is recommended, in determining mineral element status, that leaves from non-bearing branches be sampled during the month before harvest, as most elements, are then at a steady state. PT: Journal-article AN: 770353282 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 796 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Composition of pistachio kernels of various Iranian origins. AU: Kamangar-T; Farsam-H SO: Journal-of-Food-Science. 1977, 42: 4, 1135-1136; 6 ref. LA: English AB: Analyses of moisture, ash, oil, fibre, protein, carbohydrate and mineral contents are presented for the cvs Badami, Ohadi, Momtaz, Badami riz, Shah-passand, Jowzi, Khanjari, Noghli and Kallehpazi grown in various regions. The values indicated considerable uniformity. PT: Journal-article AN: 770356018 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 797 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Response of pistachio to low soil moisture conditions. AU: Spiegel-Roy-P; Mazigh-D; Evenari-M SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1977, 102: 4, 470-473; 15 ref. LA: English AB: The staminate clone Israel 502 (a Pistacia vera hybrid) and pistillate trees of Kerman and Lassen pistachio (P. vera) on 2 seedling rootstocks showed remarkable drought resistance under runoff farming in the Negev desert highlands. During favourable seasons, root distribution was fairly uniform down to 240 cm. Moisture depletion fluctuated between 58 and 477 mm during 1971-1974 because of great differences in flood water availability and low annual rainfall (54-163 mm). Soil moisture was depleted in all strata to below the wilting point throughout the growing season in 1973 and from mid-July in 1974. Shoot growth terminated within 4-5 weeks. Although trunk growth continued at an even rate until August 1-15, the relative increment was 4.2-7% higher with the staminate clone. Extreme drought from the autumn of 1972 to 1973 (58 mm water depletion) did not prevent bud differentiation and high yields/tree (12.0 kg for Kerman and 9.5 kg for Lassen) in 1974. PT: Journal-article AN: 770356865 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 798 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin contamination of pistachio nuts in orchards. AU: Sommer-NF; Buchanan-JR; Fortlage-RJ SO: Applied-and-Environmental-Microbiology. 1976, 32: 1, 64-67; 3 tab.; 13 ref. LA: English AB: Aspergillus flavus and A. versicolor were both shown to be weak pathogens of developing pistachio fruits, producing aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin, respectively. Aflatoxin concs. approached those reported in cereal and legume seeds. Fungus lesions on the fruit hulls were followed by invasion of seeds despite the sclerified shell. Infections and mycotoxins present before harvest would presumably lead to further build-up after harvest if drying was slow or storage was under high humidity. PT: Journal-article AN: 761330060 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Isfehan University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:ddslib@mui.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 799 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: A study on aflatoxins in Turkish pistachio nuts. AU: Bozkurt-M; Goksoy-N; Karaali-A (et-al-) SO: Turk-Hijiyen-ve-Tecrubi-Biyoloji-Dergisi. 1972, 32: 3, 221-223. LA: English PT: Journal-article CI: Index Medicus 16(6), 1975. AN: 761332251 Record 800 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Investigations on stigmatomycosis (massu disease) of pistachio. AU: Ershad-D; Barkhordary-M SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1976, 12: 1-2, 19-26; 17-23; 1 fig.; 10 ref. LA: Persian, English AB: Nematospora coryli is an important cause of the disease. Inoculation of flowers by spraying or needle inoculation of nuts was not successful. Feeding by certain sucking insects was necessary for transmission. Nuts were subject to infection throughout their development. Spores were not wind-borne. The fungus was viable for at least 4 yr in contaminated nuts under natural conditions, and overwintered with its vectors (Brachynema germari). PT: Journal-article AN: 771334105 Record 801 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Verticillium wilt of the pistachio nut tree: occurrence in California and control by soil fumigation. AU: Ashworth-LJ Jr.; Zimmerman-G SO: Phytopathology. 1976, 66: 12, 1449-1451; 1 fig., 1 tab.; 12 ref. LA: English AB: Virgin soils of the San Joaquin Valley, Calif., are infested lightly with V. albo-atrum but are suitable without fumigation for production of pistachio trees. However, 1-3 yr of cotton production preceding planting of pistachio trees can result in sufficient fungal inoculum buildup to cause significant losses of trees. Fumigation for control of V. albo-atrum with mixtures of chloropicrin-methyl bromide (2:1, w/w) reduced inoculum densities and numbers of trees killed after 2 yr to levels comparable to those of virgin soils. In addition, root distribution patterns influenced by the drip-type irrigation system used may contribute to favourable results by forcing root development below the generally infested soil during part of each year. PT: Journal-article AN: 771334515 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 802 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. AU: Denizel-T; Jarvis-B; Rolfe-EJ SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture. 1976, 27: 11, 1021-1026; 3 tab. See RMVM 12, 1124-1125; 28 ref. LA: English AB: After rejection by USFDA of 75% of consignments of Turkish pistachio nuts in 1972, a survey of all stages of commercial nut production was conducted in the Gaziantep province, where 50% of the crop is grown. The predominant soil fungus isolated was Aspergillus niger, although Fusarium, Trichoderma, Mucor and Rhizopus spp. were also common. Extensive surface contamination of hulls with A. niger, A. flavus and Penicillium spp. was found. Freshly hulled nuts were free from contamination, but rapid fungal invasion followed, during drying and particularly in storage. Many isolations of A. flavus, A. niger and A. ochraceus were made from stored nuts and from dust samples from warehouse floors. Of 43 A. flavus isolates tested by thin-layer chromatography after culture on laboratory media or rice, 20 produced aflatoxin, and all 11 isolates of A. ochraceus produced ochratoxin A. PT: Journal-article AN: 771339638 *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 803 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Chemical composition of the pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) of Kerman, Iran. AU: Shokraii-EH SO: Journal-of-Food-Science. 1977, 42: 1, 244-245; 14 ref. LA: English AB: The Ohadi variety of pistachio nut contained, per 100 g, moisture 2.54, ash 2.6, N 3.33 and K 1.17 g; in mg, P 561, Fe 10, Ca 179, Na 11 and Mg 103; in DM, oil 57, protein 20.8, soluble protein 2.2, free amino acids 10.1, carbohydrate 13.8, free fatty acids 0.4, fibre 1.93 g and chlorophyll 30 mg. Values are also tabulated for fatty and amino acids. The contents of Ca, Na, Mg and some fatty and amino acids were different from those in the literature. PT: Journal-article AN: 771453875 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 804 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: The role of soil saprophaga in leaf litter decomposition in pistachio plantations. AU: Striganova-BR; Valiachmedov-BV SO: Pedobiologia. 1976, 16: 3, 219-227. LA: German LS: English, Russian AB: Tipulid larvae and diplopods were the predominant soil saprophages in pistachio plantations in Tadzhikistan, feeding mainly on pistachio leaf-litter. Cellulose decomposition and organic matter mineralization occurred in the gut of Diplopoda; an increase in humus content, particularly in humic acids, was recorded in the excreta of Tipulidae. These were the main agents of litter decomposition. PT: Journal-article AN: 761929074 Record 805 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Separation of blank pistachio nuts by mechanical harvesting. AU: Crane-JC; Dunning-JJ SO: California-Agriculture. 1975, 29: 11, 6-7; 2 pl. LA: English AB: Pistachio trees were shake-harvested, followed by hand-stripping and the amounts of filled and blank nuts removed by each method were assessed. The average percentage of the total crop removed by shake-harvesting amounted to 79%, of which 5.5% were blanks. Of the nuts remaining on the tree after shake-harvesting, 10% were filled. PT: Journal-article AN: 760338953 *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 806 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Changes in pistachio leaves in different regions of Asia Minor. AU: Ablaev-SM SO: Nauchnye-Trudy-Tashkent.-Sel.-Khoz.-Institut. 1975, No. 50, 28-38. LA: Russian AB: Over 7300 leaves were collected for examination during fruit ripening. No definite correlation between leaf type and its geographical derivation could be established. PT: Journal-article CI: Referativnyi Zhurnal (1976) 1.55.945. AN: 760339992 Record 807 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Contribution to studies on pistachio pollination problems. The effect of sprays with winter oils (DNOC) on the earliness of flowering in pistachio. AU: Pontikis-KA SO: Nea-Agrotiki-Epitheorisis. 1975, No.9, 291-298; 2 pl., 1 fig.; 16 ref. LA: Greek LS: English AB: Unsatisfactory pollination in pistachio (Pistacia vera) was attributed to a variable flowering period in female trees as well as to the absence and/or incorrect ratio of male cvs with different flowering times, particularly late flowering cvs. Female trees were sprayed with 5, 10, 15 or 20% solutions of 2.5% DNOC in late January, none of which was phytotoxic. The highest concentration gave consistently better results when sprayed on female trees which had been exposed to temperatures below 10 deg C for 1000-1100 h from the autumn onwards. These trees flowered 7-15 days earlier but for a shorter period than control trees. However, treatment after 1500 h at below 10 deg delayed flowering. Early flowering in female trees coincided with the flowering of early-flowering male cvs and that of the compatible and early-flowering P. terebinthus. PT: Journal-article AN: 760340511 Record 808 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera) kernels. AU: Clarke-JA; Brar-GS; Procopiou-J SO: Qualitas-Plantarum. 1976, 25: 3-4, 219-225; 11 ref. LA: English LS: German, French AB: On a dry weight basis pistachio kernels contained about 55% oil. The unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic constituted about 80% of this oil. The predominant sugar was glucose, followed by galactose and mannose with traces of fucose, arabinose and xylose. The total amino acid content was about 25% by weight and 9 essential amino acids were present. PT: Journal-article AN: 760346599 Record 809 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin. AU: Dickens-JW; Welty-RE SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society. 1975, 52: 11, 448-450; 3 tab. LA: English AB: Bright greenish-yellow fluorescence under long wave UV light was seen on shells of 7% of the nuts in samples from 46 aflatoxin-contaminated commercial lots of Iranian nuts. Kernels from the fluorescent nuts contained 50% of the aflatoxin in samples. No aflatoxin was found in the shells.The predominant fungi isolated from the kernels and shells were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. repens, Penicillium spp., Alternaria, Rhizopus and Syncephalastrum. Toxigenic fungi grew from only 4% of the shells and 21% of the kernels from fluorescent nuts and from 9% of the shells and 15% of the kernels from non-fluorescent nuts. PT: Journal-article AN: 761324955 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 810 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Characteristics of pistachio kernel oils from Iranian cultivars. AU: Kamangar-T; Farrohi-F; Mehran-M SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society. 1975, 52: 12, 512-513. LA: English AB: Values for 10 samples of pistachio nuts of various cultivars were: weight of 100 nuts 79 to 136 g, kernel in nut 44 to 59%, and in kernels moisture 2.5 to 4.1 and oil 55 to 61%. The average fatty acid composition was palmitic 11.2, stearic 0.8, palmitoleic 0.7, oleic 59.1, linoleic 26.7 and linolenic 0.3%. In oil unsaponifiable matter was on average 0.81%, saponification value 192.1, iodine value 99.0 and refractive index 1.46384. PT: Journal-article AN: 761441128 *LHM: Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 811 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978 TI: Fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera) kernels. AU: Clarke-JA; Brar-GS; Procopiou-J SO: Qualitas-Plantarum. 1976, 25: 3-4, 219-225. LA: English LS: French, German AB: Dried pistachio nuts contained 2% moisture and 55% extractable oil. Oleic acid constituted 5.7% and linoleic acid 28% of total fatty acids. The predominant sugar of the hydrolysed sample was glucose, then galactose and mannose, and there were traces of fucose, arabinose and xylose. Total amino acids formed 25% of the kernels; there were 9 essential amino acids, with lysine in high content and only cystine limiting. PT: Journal-article AN: 761449349 Record 812 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Abscission of pistachio inflorescence buds as affected by leaf area and number of nuts. AU: Crane-JC; Al-Shalan-I; Carlson-RM SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1973, 98: 6, 591-592; 9 ref. LA: English AB: The average leaf area on current shoots of mature pistachio trees was measured and branches bearing 0, 10 or 20 nuts were defoliated either completely or so as to leave 27, 65 or 100% of the original leaf area. The number of flower buds on each branch was counted when the treatments were applied and subsequently at intervals until December. Flower bud abscission occurred during July and August with all treatments and increased progressively with greater defoliation severity and number of nuts/branch. Thus branches with leaves but without nuts retained about 70% of their flower buds, compared with 26% on defoliated branches. For branches with leaves and 20 nuts the corresponding percentages were about 50 and 10%. PT: Journal-article AN: 740317128 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 813 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Study of pistachio oil (Pistacia vera). OT: Etude de l'huile de pistache (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Danechrad-A SO: Oleagineux. 1974, 29: 3, 153-154; 1 fig., 1 pl.; 8 ref. LA: French LS: English, Spanish AB: Existing information on the composition of the oil of P. vera, P. terebinthus, P. lentiscus and P. khinjuk is summarized, and new data on P. vera oil are tabulated. It contained 68% oleic acid and 17% linoleic acid. The unsaponifiable fraction, representing 0.54% of the oil, consisted mainly of sterols of which beta -sitosterol was the most abundant. PT: Journal-article AN: 740320375 Record 814 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The effect of some chemicals on Aspergillus flavus Link in culture and on pistachio nuts. AU: Ershad-D SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1973, 9: 1, 3-9; 18 ref. LA: English, Persian AB: The following chemicals were evaluated for the control of Aspergillus flavus on pistachio nuts: TBZ, captafol, zineb, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, acetic acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid. Captafol was effective at the lowest rate, i.e. 0.01 g/l. Of the 5 last-mentioned chemicals listed above propionic acid (10-30 ml/l) gave the best results. PT: Journal-article CI: Tropical Abstracts 29, x1671. AN: 740324465 Record 815 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The problem of indehiscence of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) fruit. AU: Nevo-A; Werker-E; Ben-Sasson-R SO: Israel-Journal-of-Botany. 1974, 23: 1-2, 1-13; 11 pl.; 8 ref. LA: English AB: The reasons were examined for the indehiscence of a high percentage of pistachio fruits and for the different percentages observed in different cvs and hybrids. Both dehiscent and indehiscent fruits had abscission tissue and the rest of the endocarp had a high capability for shrinkage in all directions. It is suggested that it is the size of the enclosed seed which determines whether dehiscence occurs. In some of the fruits the pressure of the mature seed caused rupture of the endocarp along the abscission zone. In fruits with a smaller seed the endocarp shrank inwards and dehiscence did not take place. If the seed prevented this shrinkage, shrinkage became more pronounced in a tangential direction and dehiscence also occurred. Hybridization thus indirectly influences dehiscence by determining seed size. PT: Journal-article AN: 750326810 Record 816 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Pistachio cultivation and its prospects. OT: La coltura del pistacchio e le sue prospettive. AU: Maugeri-A SO: Frutticoltura. 1975, 37: 1, 15-24; 12 pl. LA: Italian AB: Pistachio cultivation in Italy is confined to a small area in Sicily. Information on areas and districts involved, environmental and soil conditions, planting methods, rootstocks, cvs, general management, types of farm, harvesting, and marketing, is followed by a brief discussion of prospects for the future. PT: Journal-article AN: 750328533 Record 817 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Effect of sodium chloride on seedling growth of two major varieties of Iranian pistachio (Pistachia vera L.). AU: Parsa-AA; Karimian-N SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1975, 50: 1, 41-46; 9 ref. LA: English AB: In a soil culture experiment pistachio cvs Badami and Fandoghi were irrigated with 26 solutions containing NaCl with conductivities ranging from 0-22400 micromhos/cm. All salt concentrations adversely affected the root and aerial growth of both cvs. In the past growers have reported beneficial effects from salt applications, but an analysis of the material used showed that it was not NaCl but a mixture of soil with chloride, nitrate, and sulphate salts of Ca, Mg and Na. The beneficial effect of the mixture is considered to be due to the NO3. PT: Journal-article AN: 750331091 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 818 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The role of seed abortion and parthenocarpy in the production of blank pistachio nuts as affected by rootstock. AU: Crane-JC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1975, 100: 3, 267-270; 1 pl.; 11 ref. LA: English AB: Production of blank nuts by Pistacia vera cv. Kerman was the result of both parthenocarpy and seed abortion, the latter being the more responsible. The degree of parthenocarpy was relatively uniform throughout the entire tree population, but seed abortion varied according to the history of blank production of the individual trees. The production of blanks therefore appeared to be associated with the use of seedling rootstocks. [See also HcA 44, 3795.] PT: Journal-article AN: 750334090 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 819 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: New Alternaria disease of pistachio in Egypt. AU: Wasfy-EH; Ibrahim-IA; Elarosi-HM SO: Phytopathologia-Mediterranea. 1974, 13: 1-2, 110-111; 2 pl.; 5 ref. LA: English AB: Alternaria alternata causes scattered small brown spots which enlarge and coalesce to cover the majority of the blade of pistachio leaves. Lesions on fruits appear as brown dry rotted epicarp and mesocarp areas. PT: Journal-article AN: 750335311 Record 820 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Studies on the bionomics and control of Agonoscena targionii Licht. on pistachio (Pistacia vera). OT: Antep fistigi (Pistacia vera) zararlisi Agonoscena targionii Licht. bocegnin biyolojisi ve mucadelesi ile ilgili bazi tesbitler. AU: Tokmakoglu-C SO: Bitki-Koruma-Bulteni. 1973, 13: 2, 67-72; 1 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Agonoscena targionii (Licht.) damages pistachio (Pistacia vera) in Turkey by sucking the sap from the leaves. Studies on its bionomics and control there showed that the Psyllid overwinters in the adult stage in cracks in the bark of the trunk. In July, the egg stage lasted 5-7 days (at average of 26.5 deg C and 34.5% R.H.) and the nymphal stage 16-20 days (at average of 28.7 deg C and 42.1% R.H.). When products containing 25% oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R), 40% dimethoate (Rogor) or 20% phosphamidon (Dimecron) were applied at 0.75% as atomised sprays for the control of the nymphs, they were found to retain their effectiveness for 40, 25 and 15 days, respectively. PT: Journal-article AN: 750521535 Record 821 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Collaborative study comparing two methods for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AU: Prossimo-V-di SO: Journal-of-the-Association-of-Official-Analytical-Chemists. 1974, 57: 5, 1114-1120; 5 tab.; 8 ref. LA: English AB: On the basis of collaborative results obtained by using 2 modified methods for determination of aflatoxins in groundnuts and groundnut products and applying them to pistachio nuts, both methods have been adopted as official 1st action. PT: Journal-article AN: 751317814 Record 822 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: A disease of pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) caused by the fungus Camarosporium pistaciae n. sp. AU: Zachos-DG; Tzavella-Klonari-K; Roubos-JC SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-Phytopathologique-Benaki. 1974, 11: 1, 53-58; 12 fig. LA: English AB: A new disease of pistachio, observed during summer 1972, was characterized by desiccation of broad areas of the leaf lamina, spotting, blackening and wrinkling of the drupes, and necrosis of the main or the secondary axes of the fruit clusters, resulting in their total or partial destruction. Two types of pycnidiospores were produced, both of which were equally pathogenic to pistachio drupes and reproduced typical symptoms in inoculation tests. PT: Journal-article AN: 751322446 Record 823 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Composition of almond, pistachio and cashew oils. OT: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fetten Ole von Mandel-, Pistazien- und Cashew-Samen. AU: Seidemann-J SO: Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse. 1973, 99: 11, 302-304. LA: German AB: The morphology and microscopic characteristics of almonds, pistachio nuts and cashew nuts are briefly described. Tables give values for sp.gr., refractive index, saponification, ester, hydroxyl and iodine values, thiocyanogen, acetyl, acid, Polenske and Reichert-Meissl values, and fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter content of the nut oils and cashew nut shell liquid. The 3 oils are similar in composition; eicosanoic acid is present only in cashew oil. PT: Journal-article CI: Food Science and Technology Abstracts (1973) 5, 9N515. AN: 731414242 Record 824 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Study of pistachio oil (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Danechrad-A SO: Oleagineux. 1974, 29: 3, 153-154. LA: French LS: English, Spanish AB: Pistachio nuts contained oil 56.5 to 57 and protein 20 to 20.5%. Oil contained 0.54% unsaponifiables consisting of sterols 92.7 ( beta -sitosterol 85%, DELTA 7-stigmasterol 11 and campesterol 4%), tocopherols 5.2 and triterpenic alcohols 2.1%. The fatty acid composition was C18:1 67.9, C18:2 17.0, C16:0 11.7, C18:0 1.6, C14 and C20 0.1 each, C16:1 1.2 and C20:1 0.4%. PT: Journal-article CI: Food Science and Technology Abstracts (1974) 6, 8N383. AN: 741424984 Record 825 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The oil content of the kernels of wild pistachio in Tajikistan. AU: Beskaravainyi-MM; En'-kova-AP; Shcheglova-VF; Babekova-V-Ya SO: Rastitel'nye-Resursy. 1971, 7: 3, 425-429; 6 ref. LA: Russian AB: The oil content of pistachio nuts ranged from 51.2 to 63.9% and was higher in nuts from trees growing at lower than at higher altitudes. Oil content was not correlated with nut size or dehiscence. PT: Journal-article AN: 730310440 Record 826 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The induction of earlier blooming in female pistachio trees by mineral oil-DNOC winter sprays. AU: Procopiou-J SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science. 1973, 48: 4, 393-395; 7 ref. LA: English AB: The flowering period of male and female pistachio trees rarely coincides in the islands of Rhodes and Kos. The late blooming of the female trees is probably due to lack of sufficient winter chilling. Spraying female trees with mineral oil-DNOC during their rest period advanced flowering by about 3 weeks, sufficient to overlap that of both cultivated and wild male trees, and led to an economic increase in fruit set. PT: Journal-article AN: 730314952 *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 827 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The frost resistance of pistachio trees. AU: Ablaev-SM SO: Nauchnye-Trudy-Tashkentskogo-Sel'skokhozyaistvennogo-Instituta. 1973, No.39, 71-76. LA: Russian AB: Dormant 1- and 2-year-old shoots of male and female trees were kept in temperatures up to -30 deg C for 6, 8 or 24 h, and other shoots, which had started to grow, were kept for 0.5 or 1.3 h. On 25 February -30 deg for 6 and 8 h failed to kill the shoots or buds, but on 2 March it caused appreciable damage to both organs. Minus 5 deg killed swollen buds on male trees. During dormancy, however, male trees were more frost-resistant than female trees. PT: Journal-article CI: Referativnyi Zhurnal (1973) 12.55.1021. AN: 740318002 Record 828 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Natural pistachio stands as the main source for variety selection. AU: En'-kova-AP; Beskaravainyi-MM SO: Rastitel'nye-Resursy. 1974, 10: 2, 174-179; 24 ref. LA: Russian AB: From the results of field surveys and of mechanical and biochemical analyses of over 1500 fruit samples of Pistacia vera it was concluded that the stands contained valuable trees suitable for direct propagation. Selection and propagation of forms for particular soil-climatic conditions are recommended. PT: Journal-article AN: 740319230 Record 829 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: A study on aflatoxins in Turkish pistachio nuts. AU: Bozkurt-M (et-al-) SO: Turk-Ijiyen-ve-Tecrubi-Biyoloji-Dergisi. 1973, 32: 3, 221-223. LA: English AB: Aflatoxins were detected in 6 out of 40 samples representing 200 t of pistachios. The tabulated results show a wide range. PT: Journal-article CI: Food RA Abstracts 27, 1269. AN: 740319328 Record 830 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Physical and chemical changes associated with growth of the pistachio nut. AU: Crane-JC; Al-Shalan-IM SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1974, 99: 1, 87-89; 17 ref. LA: English AB: Markedly different curves of growth of the pistachio nut were obtained when increases in cross-diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were plotted. Dry weight studies indicated that carbohydrates are not involved in the abscission of inflorescence buds and resulting alternate bearing, as previously reported. The predominant sugar in the kernel was sucrose, followed in decreasing order by glucose, fructose and inositol. Total sugars reached a peak of 43.3% of dry weight early in the development of the kernel, but then decreased to 7% at nut maturity. Concomitantly, crude fat increased from a minimum of 3.2% early in kernel development to a maximum of 40.1% at maturity. PT: Journal-article AN: 740319480 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 831 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Flower bud abscission in pistachio (Pistacia vera. L.) as related to fruit development and other factors. AU: Porlingis-IC SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1974, 99: 2, 121-125; 18 ref. LA: English AB: In the pistachio, flower bud abscission is induced by seeded fruits during the summer, resulting in alternate bearing. The onset of flower bud abscission was not influenced by the number of fruits, but the rate and final percentage of abscission rose as fruit number increased. Twenty or more fruits per 1-year-old stem caused complete flower bud abscission. The course of abscission was correlated with rapid seedgrowth. Periodic defruiting indicated that the induction of abscission preceded actual separation of the buds by 28 days. A defoliation experiment and an analysis of flower buds for N indicated that competition between fruits and buds for photosynthate and N is not the primary cause of abscission. PT: Journal-article AN: 740319777 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 832 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Collaborative study comparing two methods for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AU: DiProssimo-V SO: Journal-of-the-Association-of-Official-Analytical-Chemists. 1974, 57: 5, 1114-1120; 8 ref. LA: English PT: Journal-article AN: 740324761 Record 833 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Preliminary studies of the pests of pistachio nuts and their parasites and predators in the Aegean region. OT: Ege bolgesinde antepfistigi zararlilari ile bunlarin parazit ve predatorleri uzerinde on calismalar. AU: Ulu-O; Zumreoglu-A; San-S SO: Tarim-Bakanligi-Zirai-Mucadele-ve-Zirai-Karantina-Genel-Mudurlugu-Arastirma-Subesi:-Plant-Protection-Research-Annual.:-Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1972, 55, 184. PB: Ankara.; Turkey LA: English, Turkish AB: In 1969-70, a survey was made of the arthropod pests of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera) in the Aegean region. In all areas examined, the following species were found to be harmful: Idiocerus stali Fieb., Hysteropterum bilobum Fieb., Psylla sp., Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Arkh.), Capnodis cariosa (Pall.), Hylesinus (Chaetoptelius) vestitus (Muls. & Rey), Thaumetopoea solitaria (Frey.), and Stathmopoda (Thyrsostoma) guerini Staint. In some areas damage was found to be caused by Idiocercus brusinae Horv., Ceroplastes rusci (L.), Saissetia oleae (Ol.), Parlatoria oleae (Colv.), Melanaspis inopinatus (Leon.), Mustha spinulosa Lef., Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze), Agrilus sp., Sinoxylon sexdentatum (Ol.), Otiorhynchus peregrinus Stleri., O. bleusci Fst., Lymantria dispar (L.) and a Tortricid species. Natural enemies found included Coccinella septempunctata L., Chilocorus bipustulatus L., two species of Rhaphidid Neuroptera and three species of Hymenoptera. The most important pest species, were T. solitaria, I. stali, C. vestitus and C. cariosa. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 720500567 Record 834 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: An insecticidal test against the pistachio budworm (Thaumetopoea solitaria Freyer) on pistachio nuts in the Aegean region. OT: Ege bolgesi antepfistiklarinda fistik goz kurdu (Thaumetopea solitaria Freyer)'na karsi ilac denemesi. AU: Zumreoglu-A; Goker-S SO: Tarim-Bakanligi-Zirai-Mucadele-ve-Zirai-Karantina-Genel-Mudurlugu-Arastirma-Subesi:-Plant-Protection-Research-Annual.:-Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1972, 56, 185. PB: Ankara.; Turkey LA: English, Turkish AB: In an insecticidal trial at Izmir-Kinik (Poyracik) in 1971, promecarb, DDT (Didimac) and azinphos-methyl were tested for effectiveness against Thaumetopoea solitaria (Frey.) on pistachio. Three days after application, the insecticide proved 100% effective against the first-instar larvae. In order to investigate the residual action of these insecticides, larvae were introduced on to plants in the test plots ten days after application. Counts made five days later showed the persistence of toxicity to have been only slight, a result attributed to rainfall that had occurred. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 720500568 Record 835 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: An insecticidal experiment on pistachio leafhopper (Idiocerus stali Fieb.). OT: Antepfistiklarinda zararli sirali zenk (Idiocerus stali Fieb.) e karsi ilac denemeleri. AU: Tokmakoglu-C; Celik-Y SO: Tarim-Bakanligi-Zirai-Mucadele-ve-Zirai-Karantina-Genel-Mudurlugu-Arastirma-Subesi:-Plant-Protection-Research-Annual.:-Zirai-Mucadele-Arastirma-Yilligi. 1972, 57, 186. PB: Ankara.; Turkey LA: English, Turkish AB: The systemic insecticides phosphamidon (Dimecron 20), methyl-demeton (Metasystox) and dimethoate (Rogor 40) were compared for effectiveness against (Idiocerus) stali (Fieb.) on pistachio nut, each being applied in May as a mist-spray at a concentration of 0.75%. One day after spraying, effectiveness as calculated by Abbott's formula was 100% for large nymphs and 93-98% for small and medium-sized nymphs. Counts made 14 days after spraying revealed the presence of 6-8-day old nymphs on the plots that had received phosphamidon. On plots that had been sprayed with metasystox and dimethoate no nymphs or hatchlings were observed in an examination made 27 days after spraying. PT: Miscellaneous AN: 720500569 Record 836 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The effect of systemic insecticides on Idiocerus stali Fieb. on pistachio (Pistacia vera). OT: Antep fistigi (Pistacia vera) zararlisi sirali zenk (Idiocerus stali Fieb.)'e karsi sistemik etkili ilaclarla yapilan denemeler. AU: Tokmakoglu-C SO: Bitki-Koruma-Bulteni. 1973, 13: 1, 35- 42; 2 ref. LA: Turkish LS: English AB: Tests were carried out in Turkey in 1968 and 1971 on the effectiveness against Idiocerus stali Fieb. on pistachio (Pistacia vera) of the systemic insecticides phosphamidon, methyl-demeton and dimethoate. The compounds were applied as low-volume sprays containing 0.15, 0.188 and 0.3 % active ingredient, respectively, and a single application was made in mid-May, when, hatching of the Cicadellid was at its peak and nymphs in various stages were present. Counts of the small, medium and large nymphs present at various intervals after treatment showed that all products gave complete mortality of those present at the time of treatment, and no nymphs were found on trees treated with methyl-demeton or dimethoate even 27 days after application. However, 14 days after the treatment, young nymphs and a few older ones were found on trees sprayed with phosphamidon. It is concluded that this compound retained its effectiveness for only about eight days. PT: Journal-article AN: 740516173 Record 837 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The effect of some chemicals on Aspergillus flavus Link in culture and on pistachio nuts. AU: Ershad-D SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1973, 9: 1, 5-11; 3-9; 2 fig., 2 tab. LA: English AB: Of 9 chemicals tested on the fungus in culture captafol was inhibitory at the lowest rate, 0.01 g/l. Of 5 chemicals (used on food products) tested on A.flavus on pistachio nuts propionic acid gave effective control at 30 ml/l water or higher. PT: Journal-article AN: 731309539 Record 838 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The effect of some chemicals on Aspergillus flavus Link in culture and on pistachio nuts. AU: Ershad-D SO: Iranian-Journal-of-Plant-Pathology. 1973, 9: 1, 5-11; 3-9; 2 fig., 2 tab.; 18 ref. LA: Persian, English AB: Of 9 chemicals tested on the fungus in culture captafol had an inhibitory effect at the lowest rate, 0.01 g/l. Of the 5 non-hazardous chemicals tested on A. flavus on pistachio nuts, propionic acid gave effective control at 30 ml/l water or higher. PT: Journal-article AN: 731309741 Record 839 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Pathogenicity of Phytophthora species to pistachio tree. AU: Kouyeas-H SO: Annales-de-l'Institut-Phytopathologique-Benaki. 1973, 10: 4, 333-341; 1 graph, 4 tab. LA: English AB: All P. spp. isolated from Pistacia vera (P.[nicotianae var.] parasitica, P. citrophthora, P. citricola and 1 unidentified) were strongly pathogenic to it. Isolates of P. n. var. parasitica from tomato and carnation infected and could eventually kill the trees. Inoculations with P. cambivora and P. cryptogea were positive, but only 1 of the infected trees was killed. P. terebinthus was susceptible to P. citricola and the unidentified isolate. On inoculation with P. cryptogea some P. terebinthus trees died, but it was not clear if the fungus was responsible. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Phytophthora parasitica, P.citricola, P.citrophthora and a Phytophthora sp. isolate from Ierapetra were strongly pathogenic to Pistacia vera. The Ierapetra isolate and P.citricola were also pathogenic to Pistacia terebinthus, commonly used as a rootstock and regarded as resistant to Phytophthora. PT: Journal-article AN: 741310135 Record 840 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Polymorphism in the pistachio fruits of the Kushkin Forest Plantation. AU: Zaktreger-NI SO: Trudy-po-Prikladnoi-Botanike,-Genetike-i-Selektsii. 1973, 50: 3, 84-91; 6 ref. LA: Russian LS: English AB: Six fruit forms were found. The most frequent among 500 trees was the oval form. Dimensions also varied and kernel contents of up to 70% are reported. Many of the forms are considered suitable for selection or for use as parents. PT: Journal-article AN: 741617545 Record 841 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The correlative effect of competition on abscission in apricot and pistachio. AU: Crane-JC SO: HortScience. 1971, 6: 4, 382-385; 22 ref. LA: English AB: MH at 1000 p.p.m. applied to young apricot trees about 2 weeks before the beginning of pit (endocarp) hardening resulted in premature abscission of 90-98% of the fruits but application at or 2 weeks after the beginning of pit hardening resulted in progressively less premature abscission. Abscission of apricot fruit with aborted seeds was a correlative effect of competition for metabolites between the fruits and shoots. In studies with pistachios alternate bearing, caused by flower bud abscission, was attributed to the correlative effect of competition for metabolites by the fruits and buds. A direct relationship was observed between crop load and flower bud abscission and a single aqueous spray of PCPA at 100 p.p.m. reduced this competitive effect. PT: Journal-article AN: 720301032 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 842 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Effects of crop load, girdling, and auxin application on alternate bearing of the pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Nelson-MM SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1972, 97: 3, 337-339; 8 ref. LA: English AB: Alternate bearing in the pistachio, in contrast to other tree fruit species, is caused by the abscission of inflorescence buds during the heavy crop year. Bud abscission increased as the number of nuts per branch rose. Branch girdling between the developing nuts on 1-year-old wood and the inflorescence buds on current wood reduced bud abscission to practically the same extent as that resulting from removing the young nuts from the branches. The application of para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid delayed but did not alter the degree of bud abscission. The greater the crop load in 1970, the shorter was the shoot growth in length in 1971. PT: Journal-article AN: 720301150 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 843 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The unusual mechanism of alternate bearing in the pistachio. AU: Crane-JC; Nelson-MM SO: HortScience. 1971, 6: 5, 489-490; 2 pl.; 14 ref. LA: English AB: In contrast to other alternate-bearing fruit species the pistachio produces more inflorescence buds in the 'on' year than in the 'off' year, but most of them drop during the summer so that little or no crop is produced in the following year. Evidence is presented which suggests that this abscission is caused by assimilate depletion when a heavy crop is produced. PT: Journal-article AN: 730304725 *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 844 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Trials on the acclimatization and cultivation of the pistachio in Israel. OT: Essais d'acclimatation et de culture du pistachier (Pistacia vera) en Israel. AU: Spiegel-Roy-P; Asaf-R; Garmi-I SO: Fruits. 1972, 27: 9, 619-625; 2 pl.; 12 ref. LA: French LS: English, German, Spanish, Russian AB: In trials of local and introduced pistachio varieties the following were most promising because of their relatively low cold requirements: Nazareth 4, Sfax, Chypre D and the male clones Nazareth 1, Alumoth 29 and Chico 23. Data are tabulated on yield, fruit quality and flowering behaviour. The results are also given of rootstock trials with P. vera, P. atlantica, P. palaestina, P. khinjuk and vera X palaestina hybrids. Artificial pollination is practised and irrigation is recommended. Widespread K deficiency has been confirmed, even in young plantations, necessitating applications of 1000 kg/ha KCl or K2SO4. Flowering is advanced and improved by spraying buds with 0.06% DNOC in mineral oil. PT: Journal-article AN: 730306377 Record 845 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Nematosporosis of pistachio fruits. AU: Kutlunina-NV SO: Mikologiya-i-Fitopatologiya. 1972, 6: 4, 327-329; 10 ref. LA: Russian AB: In Central Asia Nematospora coryli causes a 30% reduction in pistachio nut yields. The disease affects only the kernels and is therefore difficult to recognise. PT: Journal-article AN: 730307471 Record 846 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Evaluation of different insecticides against the pistachio fruit-moth, Recurvaria pistaciicola Danil., in Iraq. AU: Abu-Yaman-IK; Jarjes-SJ SO: Zeitschrift-fur-Angewandte-Entomologie. 1973, 66: 1, 46-52; 4 ref. LA: English LS: German AB: In field tests of eight insecticides against larvae of Recurvaria pistaciicola Danil., conducted in Iraq in 1967 and 1968, dicrotophos (Bidrin), formothion (Anthio), fenthion (Lebaycid), methyl-demeton (Metasystox) and 2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino)-1,3-dithiolane (Cyolane) were found to be about equally effective. Dicrotophos, applied as a 0.04% spray of 24% water-soluble compounds and formothion, in a 0.15% spray of 40% emulsion concentrate, caused 80% mortality of larvae inside fruit 14 days after the second application, and 2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino)-1,3-dithiolane (in a 0.1% spray of 25% emulsion concentrate) 72.4% mortality 28 days after the second application. The effects of these three compounds and of fenthion lasted for about a month. Carbaryl (as a 0.15% spray of 85% wettable powder), DDT (as a 0.2% spray of a 50% wettable powder) and malathion (as a 0.2% spray of 50% emulsion concentrate) had little effect on larvae inside fruit. PT: Journal-article AN: 730500713 Record 847 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The pistachio cushion scale, Anapulvinaria pistaciae Boden. and its control in Iraq. AU: Abu-Yaman-IK SO: Zeitschrift-fur-Angewandte-Entomologie. 1970, 66: 3, 242-247; 4 fig.; 5 ref. LA: English LS: German AB: An investigation of the bionomics of Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenh.) was made at Mosul, Iraq, in 1967 and 1968. Groups of 3 - 5 females each were kept under observation. Eggs were first observed in ovisacs on 15th May, 1967 and hatchlings appeared on 25th May. This generation overwintered as second stage nymphs, and became active again about May 2, 1968, when they migrated to new shoots, and by 7th May had settled on young leaves. On May 10 adult females appeared and on 17th May eggs were found in the ovisacs. All parts of the canopy of the host plant (Pistacia) are about equally subject to infestation, most nymphs (about 79%) settled on the underside of leaves. In tests on chemical control, the most effective compounds used were 2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino)-1, 3-dithiolane (Cyolane), applied as a 1% spray of 25% emulsion concentrate, and formothion (Anthio) as a 1% spray of 40% emulsion concentrate. Malathion, as a 0.1% spray of 50% emulsion concentrate with Volk oil, fenthion (Lebaycid) as a 0.1% spray of 50% emulsion concentrate and dicrotophos (Bidrin) as 0.06% spray of 24% emulsion concentrate were effective against nymphs, but methyl-demeton (Metasystox) as a 0.1% spray of 25% emulsion concentrate had no effect on the pest. The effect of all compounds tested lasted for about a month. PT: Journal-article AN: 730500730 Record 848 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The principal pests of fruit of pistachio [Pistacia] and the possibilities for their biological or chemical control in Kirgizia. AU: Romanenko-KE; XIIIth-International-Congress-of-Entomology-Moscow-2-9-August-1968-Proceedings-Volume-3:-Rafes-PM (ed.) SO: Section-11.-Forest-Entomology. 1972, 85. PB: Leningrad, USSR, Academy of Sciences of the, All-Union Entomological Society.; USSR LA: Russian PT: Miscellaneous AN: 730504833 Record 849 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The effect of stratification, sulphuric acid and combination treatments on germination percentage of seed of wild Pistachio (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks). AU: Shafik-Y; Kettaneh-MS SO: Mesopotamia-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1971-1972, 7: 37-43; 12 ref. LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Describes laboratory and field studies, showing that treatment of seeds with 98% H2SO4 for 20 min followed by stratification for 45 days reduced the period of dormancy to 75 days and increased germination to 95%, compared with 55% in 6 months for untreated seed in the field. PT: Journal-article AN: 730603735 Record 850 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Nematosporosis of pistachio (Pistacia vera) fruits. OT: Nematosporoz plodov fistashki (Pistacia vera). AU: Kutlunina-NV SO: Mikologiya-i-Fitopatologiya. 1972, 6: 4, 327-329. LA: Russian AB: The disease (Nematospora coryli) was severe in C. Asia in all pistachio areas in 1967, 1968 and 1970 and reduced nut yield by 30%. Infected seeds either decayed or became deformed. Some morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus are given. PT: Journal-article AN: 721301364 Record 851 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Yield of pistachio in relation to flowering characteristics. AU: En'-kova-AP SO: Lesnoe-Khozyaistvo. 1971, No. 10, 16-18. LA: Russian AB: The course of flowering was observed in 431 female and 470 male trees growing at varying altitudes; flowering in the male trees began and ended before that of the female trees; pollen fertility in the male trees varied from 24.1 to 88.1%. In tests of pollen from nine male trees on different female trees, the best combinations gave up to 18% set compared with 3-13% in the existing plantations; the nuts produced were also larger and of better quality. PT: Journal-article AN: 721601738 Record 852 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Results of growing pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in the Pomorie area. AU: Serafimov-SS; Serafimova-R SO: Gorskostopanska-Nauka. 1972, 9: 6, 19-28; 18 ref. LA: Bulgarian LS: Russian, French AB: A collection of varieties comprises P. vera, P. mutica and P. terebinthus, among them the P. vera varieties Kishlinski 1, Kishlinski 2 and Kishlinski 4 originating from Azerbaijan. Under the conditions of Pomorie the above-mentioned varieties develop normally and the nuts ripen in September. As distinct from varieties originating from Iraq and Afghanistan, having brownish endocarp, they have a white endocarp. The kernels have an oil content of 57.7% and the flavour of the nuts is as good as of those produced in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the nut retains good flavour for up to three years. PT: Journal-article AN: 731606850 Record 853 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Genetic resources in pistachio. AU: Maggs-DH SO: Plant-Genetic-Resources-Newsletter. 1973, No. 29, 7-15; 23 ref. LA: English AB: Pistacia vera is distributed around two centres of diversity betweeen Turkey and Kirgizstan. Factors which may be responsible for the small number of cultivars are the breeding system, the long life span and the destruction of wild pistachio populations by land clearance and grazing. A list is given of important varieties which have been described. Other species which should be included in a Pistacia collection together with major and minor cultivars and wild ecotypes of P. vera are: P. terebinthus, P. mutica, P. atlantica, P. khinjuk, P. palaestina and P. chinensis. It is pointed out that this geographic region is also the principal centre of diversity for other tree crops which have received little attention. PT: Journal-article AN: 731607310 Record 854 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: The pistachio as an Australian crop. AU: Maggs-DH SO: Journal-of-the-Australian-Institute-of-Agricultural-Science. 1973, 39: 1, 10-17; 32 ref. LA: English AB: Characteristics of female and male varieties are listed and countries of origin are mentioned. The female varieties are distinguished mainly on nut characters, fruit colour, time of ripening, leaf and tree form and vigour. A hermaphrodite variety has been reported from Syria and Turkey. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: The prospects for greater production of pistachio nuts in Australia are considered in the light of world demand. PT: Journal-article AN: 731612910 Record 855 of 947 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975 TI: Economics of pistachio production and its problems in Turkey and in the world. OT: Dunyada ve Turkiyede Antepfistigi ekonomisi ve problemieri. AU: Kaptan-K SO: Ziraat-Ekonomisi-Dergisi. 1969-1970, 1-2, 54-97. PB: Ankara.; Turkey LA: Turkish AB: Area, production, prices and foreign trade in pistachio in Turkey and Iran are compared. Imports of the main importing countries (USA and France) are given for 1966-1968. International trade in pistachio is about 8-12 thousand metric tons which could be doubled if various measures were taken. Recommendations for the development of pistacio cultivation and export promotion are presented. PT: Journal-article CI: TURDOK 3, 1/2, 71 B 019. AN: 731804047 Record 856 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 2001-10-J2412 TI: The effect of salting and roasting process period on pistachio nut quality. AU: Koroglu-M; Okay-Y; Koksal-AI PY: 2000 SO: Gida-; 25 (5) 337-340, 9 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Pistachio nuts were roasted at 85-95 degree C for 2, 5, 10 or 12 min, and oil, protein, moisture, salt, peroxide value and free acidity were determined. The optimal roasting period from the quality and flavour viewpoint was evaluated. Peroxide values increased with roasting time, from 13.1 in 2-min roasted nuts to 25.7 in 12-min roasted samples. Free acidity increased significantly with roasting time. 12 min roasting affected proportions of some of the fatty acids in pistachio nuts, increasing levels of palmitic acid and decreasing those of linoleic and linolenic acids. Record 857 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 2001-06-J1484 TI: The Californian pistachio industry. Pistachio crops with the most modern agricultural technology. AU: Anon PY: 2001 SO: Food-Marketing-&-Technology; 15 (1) 34-35 DT: Journal-Article AB: Production of salted pistachio nuts for the snack industry is described with reference to: harvesting methods; shelling; automatic and manual sorting of pistachio nuts; addition of preservatives (e.g. aluminium phosphide); salting; and packaging. Good Manufacturing Practice associated with pistachio nut processing is also outlined. Record 858 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 2001-06-J1453 TI: Potassium fertilization affects soil K, leaf K concentration, and nut yield and quality of mature pistachio trees. AU: Qiupeng-Zeng; Brown-PH; Holtz-BA PY: 2001 SO: HortScience-; 36 (1) 85-89, 35 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A field experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 to examine the effects of K fertilization on leaf K, nut yield, and quality in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). There were 6 treatments, including 4 annual rates of K application (0, 110, 220 and 330 kg/ha) and 3 K sources (K2SO4, KCl and KNO3). There were no significant differences among K sources in their effects on leaf K concn., nut yield, and quality. For sustained production in highly productive pistachio orchards, annual application rates of 110-220 kg/ha K are recommended, using K2SO4, KCl or KNO3. However, K fertilization at 110-220 kg/ha significantly increased pistachio nut quality by increasing the percentage of split nuts and 100-nut wt., while reducing percentages of blank and stained nuts. *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 859 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 2000-01-J0161 TI: Sensitization to pistachio is common in Parietaria allergy. AU: Liccardi-C; Russo-M; Mistrello-G; Falagiani-P; D'Amato-M; D'Amato-G PY: 1999 SO: Allergy-; 54 (6) 643-645, 6 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Previous studies have shown that patients who are sensitized to Parietaria allergens can be affected by severe oral allergy syndrome after ingestion of pistachio nuts. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of allergic sensitization to pistachio nuts in atopic and non-atopic individuals and to determine whether sensitization to pistachio nuts is more frequent in patients with Parietaria pollinosis. Of 1529 atopic and non-atopic individuals enrolled in the study, 564 were monosensitized to Parietaria allergens, while 490 were also sensitized to other allergens. 11 patients (0.72%) who showed a positive response to pistachio nut skin prick tests (all of whom were from the Parietaria-sensitized group) were subjected to prick-prick tests with fresh foods (e.g. pistachio nuts, cashew nuts, mangoes) and total and specific serum IgE measurements. All 11 patients had previously ingested moderate or low quantities of roasted pistachio nuts or foods containing pistachio nuts; however, none of these frequently consumed large amounts of pistachio nuts. All patients with pistachio nut sensitization suffered from Parietaria-related respiratory symptoms. Results also showed that sensitization to pistachio nut allergens rarely induces severe clinical symptoms and it is suggested that a high intake of pistachio nuts is related to a higher risk of developing allergic symptoms. FTXT: Journals@OVID http://gateway.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=titles&D=ovft&NEWS=n&DBC=n&SEARCH=0105-4538.is+and+%2254%22.vo+and+%226%22.ip+and+%22643%22.pg *LHM: The JCR rank of this journal in Allergy is 6 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " The JCR rank of this journal in Immunology is 59 and Fulltext of this journal is available through ADONIS(MUMS) mailto:mums@mums.ac.ir " Tehran University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:a1515@sina.tums.ac.ir Isfehan University of Medical Science is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:ddslib@mui.ac.ir Record 860 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1999-08-J1957 TI: Storage stability of whole-split pistachio nuts (Pistachia vera L.) at various conditions. AU: Maskan-M; Karatas-S PY: 1999 SO: Food-Chemistry; 66 (2) 227-233, 40 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Composition and oil properties of whole-split Gaziantep cv. of pistachio nuts were determined, and storage stability evaluated under ambient conditions and at monolayer moisture content under air and 98% CO2 at 10, 20 and 30 degree C. The Arrhenius model was applied to prediction of peroxide formation, using kinetic analysis to predict rate and extent of reaction during storage. Sensory properties of nuts stored under the various conditions were assessed by an 8-member panel of experts from pistachio nut processing factories. Fatty acid reduction and peroxide formation were more rapid under ambient conditions than monolayer moisture/CO2, so the latter enhanced shelf life. As temp. increased, the ratio of rate constants (air:CO2) approached 1, indicating a lack of significant difference between the 2 storage media at the highest temp. Activation energy for oxidation in CO2 storage was higher than in air. FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0308-8146%2366%23227%232&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 861 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1999-06-J1522 TI: Relationship between shell discoloration of pistachio nuts and incidence of fungal decay and insect infestation. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ PY: 1999 SO: Plant-Disease; 83 (3) 259-264, 29 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Shell discoloration of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts collected from commercial orchards and processing plants was related to fungal decay and insect infestation of the kernel. Nuts with ruptured hulls (early split nuts and nuts with cracked hulls) varied considerably in the amount of shell discoloration, ranging from none to extensive. For both types of hull rupture, as shell discoloration increased, kernel decay also increased. Nuts with no discoloration had little or no fungal decay and navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) infestation. Processed nuts with an oily-shell appearance had the highest incidences of fungal decay and navel orangeworm infestation; nuts with a crinkled shell, nuts with extensive dark brown discoloration and nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration along the suture had relatively high levels of decayed and infested kernels. Nuts with yellow discoloration, nuts with moderate dark brown discoloration not along the suture, and nuts with no discoloration had little or no decay and infestation. Also, as shell discoloration of processed nuts increased, kernel decay increased. These results suggest that shell characteristics may be used by processors to identify poor quality nuts and to improve the quality of pistachio nuts sold to consumers. *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 862 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-12-J2873 TI: Fatty acid oxidation of pistachio nuts stored under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. AU: Maskan-M; Karatas-S PY: 1998 SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture; 77 (3) 334-340, 47 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Changes in fatty acid composition and peroxide value of pistachio nuts were studied during storage under either air or 98% CO2 at a monolayer moisture content and a range of storage temp. (10-30 degree C), and were compared to those stored under ambient conditions. Use of the Arrhenius model to predict fatty acid loss at 10, 20 and 30 degree C under both atmospheric conditions, together with prediction of the rate and extent of oxidation during storage, was also investigated. Results showed that storage of pistachio nuts under CO2 provided the greatest stability in relation to fatty acid loss, peroxide and free fatty acid formation, especially at 10 degree C. The Arrhenius model revealed that storage of nuts under CO2 was more temp. sensitive, while more linolenic acid was lost by oxidation than linoleic acid. Comparison of samples stored at ambient conditions with those stored at or near the monolayer moisture content and under CO2 storage showed the latter samples to be more stable. *LHM: Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Sharif University of Technology is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:libinfo@mehr.sharif.ac.ir Record 863 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-10-J2431 TI: Oil composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) from Turkey. AU: Yildiz-M; Turcan-Gurcan-S; Ozdemir-M PY: 1998 SO: Fett/Lipid-; 100 (3) 84-86, 18 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Oil content and refractive index, sp. gr., iodine value, saponification value, fatty acid composition, degree of unsaturation and sterol composition were determined for 5 pistachio nut cv. (Uzun, Siirt, Kirmizi, Ohadi and Halebi) grown in Turkey. Mean oil content was 59.67%. Mean values for physicochemical properties were: refractive index 1.4693; sp. gr. 0.9143; iodine value 94.23; and saponification value 188.2. Mean values for fatty acid composition were (%): palmitic acid 9.60; palmitoleic acid 1.41; stearic acid 3.10; oleic acid 68.78; and linoleic acid 17.13. Mean degree of unsaturation was 1.05. Mean values for sterols composition included: (%): campesterol 0.630; stigmasterol 6.27; beta-sitosterol 84.95; and Delta-5-avenasterol 1.72. Significant diferences between cv. were observed for oil content, iodine value, fatty acid composition and sterol composition. Record 864 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-10-J2341 TI: Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from roasted pistachio nuts. AU: Palazoglu-TK; Balaban-MO PY: 1998 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 41 (3) 679-684, 25 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: [The objectives of this study were to determine the conditions to obtain max. yield of oil from roasted pistachio nuts by supercritical CO2 extraction, and evaluate the remaining meal by instrumental and sensory methods.] Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6 and 34.5 MPa and temp. of 50, 60 and 70 degree C with ethanol (0, 5 and 10 wt%) as entrainer. Highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60 degree C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data were analysed by response surface methodology. Temp. did not affect the extraction yield. Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concn. had a curvilinear effect. The following equation adequately represented the experimental data (r-2 = 0.94): % yield = 52.14 + 9.707 x P + 21.164 x EtOH - 11.049 x EtOH-2. The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO2 at 34.5 MPa and 60 degree C was 5x higher in the case of 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO2 alone (0.27 wt%). Difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavour intensity following SC-CO2 extraction. *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 865 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-09-J1862 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using gray-level histogram. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Wulfsohn-D; Irudayaraj-J PY: 1998 SO: Canadian-Agricultural-Engineering; 40 (1) 61-66, 21 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A machine vision system was used to classify `in the shell' pistachio nuts based on USDA grades. The gray-level histogram data obtained from the gray scale image of the nuts were analysed to select a set of suitable recognition features. Based on the analyses, the mean of the gray-level histogram over 50-60 gray-level range and the area of each nut (the integral of its gray-level histogram) were selected as the recognition features. The selected features were used as input to 3 classification schemes: a Gaussian, a decision tree, and a multi-layer neural network (MLNN). The 3 classifiers had similar recognition rates. However, the MLNN classifier resulted in slightly higher performance with more uniform classification accuracy than the other 2 classifiers. *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Tarbiat Modares University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:il@modares.ac.ir Record 866 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-07-J1606 TI: The fitting of various models to water sorption isotherms of pistachio nut paste. AU: Maskan-M; Gogus-F PY: 1997 SO: Journal-of-Food-Engineering; 33 (3/4) 227-237, 27 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Moisture sorption isotherms of pistachio nut paste were studied; suitability of various mathematical models (BET, GAB, Iglesias and Chirife, Halsey, and Henderson) for fitting the isotherms was assessed. Monolayer moisture content was also investigated, together with effects of temp. (10, 20 and 30 degree C) on water sorption. Results showed that pistachio nut paste exhibited type III (BET classification) sorption isotherms. The experimental curves indicated no hysteresis and inversion of the effect of temp. The isosteric heats of sorption increased with decreasing moisture content. It is concluded that the BET model can be used to predict the sorption behaviour of pistachio nut paste within an aw range of 0.07-0.43, but that the Halsey model is more suitable and applicable at all 3 temp. in the whole range of aw. FTXT: Elsevier on Rose-Net http://213.29.55.16:4416/lpascripts/expand.pl?lpa.url=http://elsevier.rose-net.co.ir/science&_volkey=%24%24LPATERMS&lpa.terms=0260-8774%2333%23227%233/4&lpa.replaceregexp=-&lpa.replacewith= *LHM: Tehran University is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW http://utserv5.ut.ac.ir/news/dsupply.htm Record 867 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-07-J1564 TI: Neural net classification of X-ray pistachio nut data. AU: Casasent-DA; Sipe-MA; Schatzki-TF; Keagy-PM; Lan-Chau-Lee PY: 1998 SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-und-Technologie; 31 (2) 122-128, 10 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Use of a new classifier (an improved version of the piecewise quadratic neural network; PQNN) in the inspection of pistachio nuts using X-ray imagery was assessed. After X-ray images were obtained, nuts were dissected to determine the presence of insect damage (major damage), minor damage, or no damage as defined by the US Pistachio Grades. Good and bad nuts were then divided into a training set and a test set. Images of each nut were obtained by a set of new image processing algorithms. Preliminary results showed the potential to reduce major defects to 2% of the crop with only 1% of good nuts rejected; these results are better than data presently available. FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1997.0320 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/fstl.1997.0320 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0023-6438%28000000%2931%3A2%3C122%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: Shiraz Regional Library is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library@hafez.shirazu.ac.ir Record 868 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1998-07-J1468 TI: Machine vision grading of pistachio nuts using Fourier descriptors. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A; Romaniuk-M PY: 1997 SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-Engineering-Research; 68 (3) 247-252, 21 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A method of grading pistachio nuts into large, medium, small and unsplit was developed using a machine vision system; Fourier descriptors from a 2-dimensional image were used as recognition features and a feature selection procedure was applied to the first 15 Fourier descriptors. Results indicated that 7 harmonics were sufficient to separate split from unsplit nuts; of these 7 harmonics, 5 contained microscopic information which was also useful for separating unsplit and split nuts. Selected Fourier descriptors were then used as inputs to 2 grading schemes, a hybrid decision-tree classifier and a feedforward neural network classifier, each of which resulted in a classification accuracy of 87.1 and 94.8%, respectively. It is concluded that the neural network method provides a more effective approach to machine vision grading of pistachio nuts. FTXT: Academic Press IDEAL (European Mirror) http://www.europe.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 Academic Press IDEAL (US Mirror) http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaer.1997.0205 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0021-8634%28000000%2968%3A3%3C247%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 869 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-10-J0380 TI: Sorption characteristics of whole pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). AU: Masken-M; Karatas-S PY: 1997 SO: Drying-Technology; 15 (3/4) 1119-1139, 30 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Moisture sorption characteristics of whole pistachio nuts were investigated at 10, 20 and 30 degree C using the static method. The sorption isotherms exhibited hysteresis over the range of 0.10-0.80 aw which was successfully interpreted using BET, GAB, Oswin, Smith, Henderson, Chung-Pfost and Halsey mathematical models and from which the BET, GAB and Oswin models were found to give the best fit. Monolayer moisture content of pistachio nuts was determined from BET and GAB equations and the isosteric heat of sorption data were derived using Clausius-Clapeyron equation and presented in graphical form. The information generated can be utilized to optimize the packaging parameters for long term storage of pistachio nuts. Record 870 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-09-J0239 TI: Survival of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) during pistachio processing. AU: Johnson-JA; Gill-RF; Valero-KA; May-SA PY: 1996 SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology; 89 (1) 197-203, 25 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Effects of commercial drying on survival of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella (Walker)) in pistachio nuts was investigated. A total of 1980 kg of pistachios were sampled from a drum and a fan dryer over 3 yr. No live navel orangeworm were found and only 1 dead adult was discovered in any of the samples; samples from the drum dryer had an average of 10.7 dead orangeworm/kg of nuts, whereas those from the fan dryer had 1.9 dead orangeworm/kg. Use of baited traps suggested that some orangeworm survive processing, but the source of live adults could not be determined. Investigations using a forced-air oven at 90 degree C showed limited survival of eggs (2.82%) and pupae (3.33%) following treatment for 30 min; after this time not all nuts had exceeded 60 degree C. Treatment for 1 h or longer prevented any surival of orangeworm. It is concluded that, under normal commercial pistacio processing conditions, survival of navel orangeworm is very low and should be of little concern to processors. Record 871 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-09-J0236 TI: [Techniques for bleaching of pistachio nuts.] AU: Ning-ZX; Zhou-JM PY: 1996 SO: Food-Science,-China; 17 (9) 30-31 DT: Journal-Article AB: In trials on processing techniques for pistachio nuts, 6 bleaching agents were compared, and NG was selected as the preferred agent. NG agent was composed of 40% CIO2, 50% peroxide benzoic acid, 9% sodium stearate and 1% sodium iodate. The processing technique, in which bleaching is a key step, was optimized as addition to 80-90 kg of pistachio nuts of a solution prepared by adding 1 kg of NG agent to 100-110 kg water at 85-90 degree C, incubating at 80-85 degree C for 8-15 min, filtering off the bleaching solution, setting for 15-30 min, washing, nut dehiscing, addition of condiments, drying and packaging. The final product had a whiteness value of 95%. Record 872 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-06-J0210 TI: Water sorption isotherms of pistachio nuts. AU: Yanniotis-S; Zarmboutis-I PY: 1996 SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-und-Technologie; 29 (4) 372-375, 7 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Water sorption isotherms of pistachio nuts (cv. Aeginas) were studied so that post harvesting handling and storage conditions could be established. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of the kernel and shell were measured at 15, 25 and 40 degree C using a gravimetric method. Record 873 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-06-J0209 TI: Machine vision system for automated detection of stained pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-T PY: 1996 SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-und-Technologie; 29 (3) 203-209, 9 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Most shell stains of pistachio nuts are caused by a hull defect known as early split, an abnormal opening of the suture of the hull; early split nuts are more vulnerable to fungal spores and insect infestation. An algorithm and machine vision system was developed to separate stained pistachio nuts from nonstained nuts with a system inspection rate comparable to that of the current colour sorters in use (40 nuts/s). The cost of the system also had to be comparable to the current sorters ($15 000). The system was tested on 3 different process streams: the bichromatic colour sorter reject stream (floaters and sinkers) and the manually sorted small nut shelling stock stream (floaters). Record 874 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-04-J0232 TI: Methods for characterization of pistachio nut quality. AU: Anzaldua-Morales-A; Ornelas-M; Tarango-H CA: United States of America, Institute of Food Technologists [1996 Annual Meeting] PY: 1996 SO: 1996 IFT annual meeting: book of abstracts, p. 186 ISSN 1082-1236 DT: Conference-Proceedings AB: Sensory and instrumental methods were compared for qualityl assessment of pistachio nuts (California cv. and Kerman cv. from Iran and Chihuahua). A Texture Analyser with a 1 mm diam. punch was compared with texture profile analysis; colour was measured spectrophotometrically and 12 trained judges assessed flavour, colour and texture. Some instrumental parameters agreed well with sensory responses. Colour was best described by sensory means. External appearance of California cv. was superior to that of Kerman cv., although the latter had better flavour and texture. Recommendations for selection and classification of pistachios for industrial purposes are presented. [From En summ. Further abstracts of presentations from this meeting are covered in electronic formats of the FSTA database and may be traced via the corporate authors (CA) field, under United States of America, Institute of Food Technologists [1996 Annual Meeting]. See also FSTA (1996) 28 11A2.] Record 875 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-04-J0203 TI: Determination of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio kernels and shells. AU: Scholten-JM; Spanjer-MC PY: 1996 SO: Journal-of-AOAC-International; 79 (6) 1360-1364, 14 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A method for accurate measurement of aflatoxin B1 in the edible portion of pistachio nuts is described. 29 samples of pistachio nut kernels with and without their shells were slurried with a Mega Ultra Turrax. A subsample of the homogenate is extracted with water-methanol, defatted with petroleum ether, purified with a silica solid-phase extraction column and redissolved in methanol. After separation on an octadecyl column and postcolumn reaction with on-line electrochemically generated bromine, the aflatoxin B1 derivative is detected fluorometrically. Shells contained less than 1% of the aflatoxin B1 found in the edible kernel, and they accounted for 41.7-46.8% of the wt. of the whole pistachio. Results suggested that it is possible to analyse an entire sample, up to 25 kg, as a whole and still be able to judge whether it meets the legal tolerance limit of 5 mug aflatoxin B1/kg edible part, as set by the Dutch Food Act. Record 876 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1997-04-J0201 TI: Grading pistachio nuts using a neural network approach. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J; Kusalik-A PY: 1996 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 39 (6) 2319-2324, 17 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A multi-structure neural network (MSNN) classifier was proposed and applied to classify 4 var. [Kaleghochi, Akbari, Ohadi and unsplit Ohadi] (classes) of pistachio nuts. The MSNN classifier consisted of 4 parallel discriminators (one per class), followed by a max. selector. Each discriminator was a feed-forward neural network with 2 hidden layers and a single-neuron output layer. The discriminator were individually trained using physical attributes of the nuts extracted from their images as input. The performance of MSNN classifier was compared with the performance of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLNN) classifier. The average classification accuracy of the MSNN classifier was 95.9%, an increase of greater than 8.9% of the performance of the MLNN. Record 877 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1996-10-J0181 TI: Machine recognition of navel orange worm damage in X-ray images of pistachio nuts. AU: Keagy-PM; Parvin-B; Schatzki-TF PY: 1996 SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-und-Technologie; 29 (1/2) 140-145, 24 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: The potential of X-ray imaging combined with machine recognition was assessed for detecting insect infestation in pistachio nuts. A non-destructive method for inspection of insect-damage, which can lead to increased probability of aflatoxin contamination, is not currently available. X-Ray images were taken of a variety of types of pistachio nuts sourced from various stages during pistachio nut processing. Histogram parameters of 4 derived images were used to develop discriminant functions for the selection of insect-infested nuts from specific processing streams. It was possible to select many, but not all, insect-infested nuts with X-ray images and machine recognition. It is concluded that further optimization of the process is necessary. Record 878 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1996-10-J0171 TI: Classification of pistachio nuts using a string matching technique. AU: Ghazanfari-A; Irudayaraj-J PY: 1996 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 39 (3) 1197-1202, 25 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: [In automated visual classification processes, an image is captured with a machine vision system and analysed using suitable algorithms to extract the required features.] A modified cyclic string matching algorithm was developed and applied to classify 4 [varietal] classes of pistachio nuts, based on their 2-dimensional shapes. In this method, a pistachio nut was represented by a string consisting of angularly equispaced radii extending from the centroid to the boundary. An algorithm was also developed for determining a prototype for each class. The recognition algorithm, based on a string matching technique, calculated the cumulative distance between an unknown and a class prototype. The class of the unknown was determined by the min.-distance classification rule. The developed algorithm gave an overall accuracy of 90%. This procedure could be extended to classify other agricultural materials. Record 879 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1996-09-J0245 TI: Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. III. Distribution in pistachio process streams. AU: Schatzki-TF; Pan-JL PY: 1996 SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry; 44 (4) 1076-1084, 16 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: The distribution of aflatoxin concn. [during processing of pistachio nuts] was measured by sampling 19 process streams ranging from 1 to 1000 nuts/sample. The 19 streams comprise substantially the entire sorted product of 1 producer for crop yr 1992. Similar results were obtained by another producer for 1993. The fraction of total aflatoxin accounted for by each process stream was computed. It was concluded that 90% of aflatoxin is contained in 4.6% of (low-quality) product; removal of this product would reduce average aflatoxin from 1.2 to 0.12 ng/g for all product sold for human consumption. On the basis of aflatoxin distributions of the processed as well as an unprocessed stream, the conclusion is drawn that all aflatoxin found here arises in the orchard; none is produced under normal processing conditions. It is estimated that the necessary sample size (in terms of the sample mean and desired variance of the mean) for aflatoxin measurement in pistachios is given by number of nuts = (8 x 10-5 ng/g) x mean/variance. [See FSTA (1995) 27 10J204 for part II.] Record 880 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1996-05-J0148 TI: Allergy to pistachio: crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae. AU: Fernandez-C; Fiandor-A; Martinez-Garate-A; Martinez-Quesada-J PY: 1995 SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy; 25 (12) 1254-1259, 25 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Allergenic components present in pistachio nut and crossreactivity with other members of the Anacardiaceae family (cashew nuts, mangoes) were studied. Skin tests and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST) to detect specific IgE for pistachio and cashew nuts and for mango seed and pulp were carried out on a 3-yr-old boy and a 6-yr-old boy who had experienced severe anaphylactic reactions to eating pistachio nuts. Skin tests and RAST showed an allergenic response to pistachio and cashew in both children. Skin tests were positive for mango seed in one. SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting was used to detect allergens in pistachio and cashew nuts; allergens with mol. wt. of less than 14.4-70.9 kDa were revealed. RAST inhibition showed that pistachio nuts had crossreactivity with cashew nuts and mango seeds but not with mango pulp. It is concluded that patients sensitive to pistachio nuts may tolerate mango since usually only the pulp is consumed. Record 881 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1996-04-J0165 TI: The relationship between date of hull splitting and decay of pistachio nuts by Aspergillus species. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ PY: 1995 SO: Plant-Disease; 79 (8) 766-769, 19 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Atypical pistachio (Pistacia vera) nuts that have split hulls, known as early splits, frequently have kernels decayed by Aspergillus spp. In 1992 and 1993 pistachio nuts that had split hulls were marked in commercial orchards at approx. 2-wk intervals. Depending on the orchard, 15-48% of the early splits had formed more than 4 wk before harvest and 10-30% formed within 2 wk before harvest. At harvest these nuts were also evaluated for kernel decay, insect infestation and several physical characteristics. Incidence of decay caused by Aspergillus spp. (predominantly Aspergillus niger) was 3x greater in the oldest early splits than in early splits formed in the period before harvest (no decay was found in normal nuts with nonsplit hulls). The oldest early splits also had the most shrivelled hulls, which is a feature associated with aflatoxin contamination. At harvest the oldest early splits had less fruit fresh wt., lower kernel moisture, smaller shells and more shell discoloration compared with early splits formed in the period before harvest and with normal nuts. These characteristics could be used to remove decayed nuts during processing. Record 882 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-11-J0293 TI: The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) - a review. Die Pistazie (Pistacia vera L.) - Eine Uebersicht zur Warenkunde. AU: Reiner-H PY: 1994 SO: Ernaehrung-; 18 (9) 443-447, 27 ref. DT: Review AB: This review on pistachio nuts covers: botanical aspects; history of cultivation and use of pistachio nuts; composition; quality grading; and the importance of freedom from contamination with insects, fungi or mycotoxins. Record 883 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-06-J0190 TI: Composition of pistachio-nuts varieties produced in Turkey. AU: Pala-M; Yildiz-M; Ackurt-F; Loeker-M PY: 1994 SO: Gida-; 19 (6) 405-409, 16 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Samples of 4 indigenous pistachio nut var. grown in Turkey were analysed. Data are given for proximate composition (energy, protein, fat, moisture, carbohydrate, ash and vitamins), pH, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, mineral composition, and kernel wt. and dimensions. Record 884 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-06-J0189 TI: Free amino acid and protein nitrogen in the pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman): developing kernel. AU: Durzan-DJ PY: 1995 SO: Advances-in-Horticultural-Science; 8 (2) 115-124, 21 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: In the developing kernel [of pistachio nuts], total free amino acid N accumulates initially in the funiculus and ovule. During the overall growth of the embryo, protein N increases as soluble N declines. Developmental events in the kernel are used as temporal markers to chart the sequential accumulation and dominance of metabolic families in the free amino acid N pool. The free amino acid N pool is dominated by the aspartate and glutamate families of amino acids (mainly arginine N). Strong network rigidity in the flow of N is indicated by linear and non-linear correlations among components of the free amino acid N pool. Changes in soluble N are related to phenology and levels of insoluble N in the developing kernel. The flux of N through components of the soluble N is presented as a departure from average behaviour and portrays a response surface that can be used to characterize the metabolic stability of kernel development. Record 885 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-06-J0188 TI: Aspergillus molds and aflatoxins in pistachio nuts in California. AU: Doster-MA; Michailides-TJ PY: 1994 SO: Phytopathology-; 84 (6) 583-590, 38 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A total of 14 Aspergillus spp. were isolated from the kernels of pistachio nuts, mainly early splits, from 11 commercial orchards in California in 1991 and 1992. Early splits are atypical nuts that have split hulls, exposing the kernel to invasion by moulds and insects (normal nuts have intact hulls). A. niger was the only Aspergillus sp. that occurred frequently (in 30% of kernels from early splits). A. flavus or A. parasiticus (potential producers of aflatoxins) were found in early splits from most orchards, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus (potential producers of ochratoxins) were found in all orchards. Aflatoxins were detected in early splits from 6 of 9 orchards in 1991 and 5 of 8 orchards in 1992. Early splits with rough, shrivelled hulls had more than 2x the A. niger infection and more than 3x as much A. flavus or A. parasiticus infection as early splits with smooth hulls. The rough early splits had greater than 99% of all the aflatoxins detected. Kernels infested by the insect navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) had substantially more infections by A. niger, A. flavus or A. parasiticus, and A. ochraceus or A. melleus and had 84% of all aflatoxin detected. The hulls of early splits frequently had low levels of aflatoxin. Hull rupture due to damage by birds or to cracking resulted in kernels infected with Aspergillus moulds but at low levels. Fortunately, the pistachio nuts most likely to have mould and aflatoxin contamination, rough early splits infested with navel orangeworm, had several physical characteristics (wt., size, shell discoloration, hull appearance) distinct from normal nuts that could facilitate removal during processing. Record 886 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-03-J0156 TI: Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts and pistachio nuts: collaborative study. AU: Trucksess-MW; Stack-ME; Nesheim-S; Albert-RH; Romer-TR PY: 1994 SO: Journal-of-the-AOAC-International; 77 (6) 1512-1521, 8 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: An AOAC/IUPAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifunctional column for determination of aflatoxins. The test portion is extracted with acetonitrile-water (9:1), the extract is filtered, and the filtrate is passed through the column. Aflatoxins in the eluate are determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. Naturally contaminated corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts spiked with total aflatoxins at 5, 10, 20, and 30 ng/g were sent to 12 collaborators in the United States, Denmark, France, Japan, and Switzerland. 11 collaborators completed the study. Average recoveries of total aflatoxins for each spike level for the various commodities (excluding Brazil nuts at 5 ng/g) were 93, 97, 95, and 95%, respectively; the repeatability relative s.d. (RSDr) ranged from 6.0 to 23.2% and the reproducibility relative s.d. (RSDR) ranged from 12.0 to 69.4%. The multifunctional column coupled with a liquid chromatographic method for determination of aflatoxins in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts was adopted first action by AOAC International. Record 887 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1995-02-J0130 TI: Mycoflora and aflatoxin contamination in shelled pistachio nuts. AU: Heperkan-D; Aran-N; Ayfer-M PY: 1994 SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture; 66 (3) 273-278, 26 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: A total of 143 pistachio nut samples collected during harvest, storage, and processing in 6 regions of Turkey was examined for fungal growth and aflatoxin production. Fungal counts were 10-3-10-4 and 10-5-10-6 cfu g---1 for harvest and storage samples, respectively. Growth of Aspergillus flavus was 38.5-39.5% on the shell surface and 6-16% on the kernels, with no aflatoxin production. Levels of contamination with A. flavus varied among samples collected from different regions. Peeling the soft shell of pistachio nuts off by hand reduced contamination of A. flavus to the kernels. The predominant flora on stored pistachio nuts were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Rhizopus; Ulocladium, Trichothecium, Aureobasidium, and Eurotium were also present but at lower levels. 35% of the A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxins on synthetic media. [From En summ.] Record 888 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1994-12-J0115 TI: [The unequaled Sicilian pistachio.] AU: Coria-G PY: 1994 SO: Pasticceria-Internazionale; 17 (99) 84-86 DT: Journal-Article AB: Properties of pistachio nuts are discussed including: physical appearance; colour; history of the pistachio nut; properties of pistachio trees; major pistachio producing areas of the world; the Sicilian pistachio; and use of pistachio nuts in bakery products and other foods. Record 889 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1994-11-J0120 TI: Physical properties of pistachio nuts. AU: Pearson-TC; Slaughter-DC; Studer-HE PY: 1994 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 37 (3) 913-918, 18 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split samples (i.e. pistachios which abnormally split open before harvest, making the kernel more vulnerable to contamination by the aflatoxin producer Aspergillus flavus). The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were shell staining and hull adhesion tendencies. Using shell stain characteristics (presence or absence of stain on split perimeter or yellowish hue) and shell dimensions (length and width), an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of early splits, and 97% of normal nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early split nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of early split nuts and only 5% of nonsplit nuts from the rest of the samples. Although nut mass, length, width, and height were significantly different between early split nuts and normal nuts, these properties are limited in their use for accurate classification of nuts into split types. [From En summ.] Record 890 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1994-01-J0151 TI: Pistachio nut hulling apparatus. AU: Volk-J Sr CA: Volk, B. PY: 1993 SO: United-States-Patent; US 5 245 918, US 944975 (19920915) [Volk, Gilroy, CA, USA] DT: Patent AB: Equipment for hulling pistachio nuts is described. Unhulled pistachio nuts are pushed between a surface with projections and a surface with channels. The channels are wider than the nuts to be hulled. The projections protrude into the channels and nut hulls are ruptured and abraded through contact with both surfaces. [From En summ.] Record 891 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1993-04-J0188 TI: Aflatoxins and fluorescence in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts. AU: Steiner-WE; Brunschweiler-K; Leimbacher-E; Schneider-R PY: 1992 SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry; 40 (12) 2453-2457, 15 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Brazil nut and pistachio nut samples from lots known to be contaminated with aflatoxins were inspected, visually, via a fluorodensitometer and using HPLC. Kernels were split in half lengthwise and internally highly discoloured kernels were analysed individually. Highly contaminated Brazil nut kernels showed yellow fluorescence if illuminated with light at 360 nm. However, not all fluorescent kernels were contaminated with aflatoxins, and brown spotted kernels also contained these toxins. While contaminated Brazil nut kernels were of variable appearance, only brown or brown spotted pistachio kernels were highly contaminated with aflatoxins. In yellowish fluorescent pistachio kernels no aflatoxins, citrinin, kojic acid, patulin, or ochratoxin A could be detected (detection limits: 10-100 mug/kg, 0.5-1, 40-50, 0.2-0.5 and 0.1-1.3 mg/kg, respectively). Slightly discoloured kernels and sound kernels were analysed in different batches. In this way it was shown that contaminated kernels were internally discoloured. Ratios of 4700 uncontaminated kernels to 1 kernel containing aflatoxin B1 and 4300 to 1, respectively, were calculated for 2 pistachio nut samples from different lots. Similar ratio for Brazil nuts could not be calculated since not all highly contaminated kernels were analysed individually. The highest aflatoxin B1 concn. in a pistachio kernel was 1400 mg/kg; in a Brazil nut 4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 1.2 mg/kg aflatoxin G1 were detected. The high aflatoxin concn, in a few kernels indicate that the usual sampling sizes of 20 and 50 lb (Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts, lots less than 200 bags and 75 000 lb, respectively) may not be sufficient. Record 892 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1992-10-J0205 TI: Apparatus for splitting closed shell pistachio nuts. AU: Burlock-CD; Lemmons-GE; Williams-DW CA: Dole Dried Fruit & Nut Co. PY: 1991 SO: United-States-Patent; US 4 996 917, US 456404 (19891226) [Dole Dried Fruit & Nut, Fresno, CA, USA] DT: Patent AB: Equipment for splitting pistachio nuts along the longitudinal seam is described. Nuts are placed in an annulus in the equipment, rotated and orientated as necessary, split and discharged through an opening in the housing. Prior to shelling, the procedure described involves removing dense foreign particles by a flotation process and soaking nuts in water, to enhance shell flexibility, allowing the shell to flex rather than crack when pressure is applied. Surface dried nuts are then split as described. [From En summ.] Record 893 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1992-06-J0151 TI: Determination of moisture diffusivity of pistachio nut meat during drying. AU: Karatas-S; Battalbey-FM PY: 1991 SO: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-und-Technologie; 24 (6) 484-487, 14 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: Fundamental aspects of the drying of single pistachio nut kernels when fully exposed to air at constant temp. and humidity were investigated. The mechanism of drying and the diffusion of water in cylindrical nut meats (6.08-7.70 mm diam.) were successfully interpreted and modelled using Fick's law. The drying air was kept at constant velocity and humidity, the moisture content of the dried nut meats was increased to 22-25% and drying temp. was varied (35-60 degree C). From the drying rate, an expression was established concerning diffusivity of water. Variation of the effective adsorption and desorption of pistachio nut for unhulled, hulled and meat kernel was estimated as a function of RH at constant temp. (20 degree C) and aw of 0.15-1.00. The isotherms of nuts were estimated in experimental runs. Record 894 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1992-06-J0144 TI: The pistachio - Iran's biggest agricultural export. AU: Anon PY: 1991 SO: European-Food-&-Drink-Review; Winter, 31-32 DT: Journal-Article AB: The history of pistachio nut production in Iran is presented. Europe is identified as a potentially large market for pistachios. The nutritional composition of pistachio nuts is compared with that of Brazil nuts, cashew and peanuts. Descriptions of the most important types of Iranian pistachio are included. Record 895 of 947 in FSTA Current 1990-2002/03 AN: 1991-06-J0165 TI: Determination of the country of origin of pistachio nuts by DSC and HPLC. AU: Dyszel-SM; Pettit-BC PY: 1990 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society; 67 (12) 947-951, 11 ref. DT: Journal-Article AB: US Customs Service Laboratories frequently encounter the major analytical problem of determining the country of origin of imported commodities. This paper describes 2 approaches, HPLC and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), that distinguish pistachio nuts from Iran, California and Turkey. Results of these 2 techniques were complimentary and confirmatory. HPLC data was obtained on the petroleum ether soluble fraction of the pistachio nuts while the DSC runs evaluated both this fraction and the whole nut. HPLC results were further investigated by collecting fractions from the eluting peaks, derivatizing them to form the methyl ester of the fatty acids, and profiling by GC to confirm the triglycerides originally present. The US Customs Service is currently using DSC area ratios to screen imported pistachio nuts for country of origin. [From En summ.] Record 896 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 88-12-J0198 TI: [Nutritive value and oil characteristics of selected tree nuts. I. Walnut, salted pistachio, unsalted pistachio and hazelnut.] AU: Al-Shaibani-AMH; Al-Doori-LDK; Nori-OM PY: 1986 SO: Iraqi-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences-"Zanco''; 4 (1) 93-101 (from the back), 10 ref. AB: The protein, oil, carbohydrate, ash, fibre, Ca, P, Fe, thiamin and riboflavin contents of walnuts, salted and unsalted pistachios and hazelnuts from a local market were investigated. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the oil were also studied. Tabulated data show the nuts provide 20-40% protein, 20-25% calories and 50-75% P of the recommended daily allowance/100 g. The nuts are fair to moderate sources of Ca, Fe, thiamin and riboflavin. Sugars contents are not high, but play an important role in overall flavour of the roasted nuts. Refractive index, sp. gr. and saponification number are within the range of other vegetable oils. I values of the oils are in a close range, except for walnut oil which had a higher value (130.3). The acid number of pistachio oil (2.32) was higher than that of the other nut oils. [From En summ.] Record 897 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 88-09-J0186 TI: Composition, solubility, and electrophoretic patterns of proteins isolated from kerman pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) AU: Shokraii-EH; Esen-A PY: 1988 SO: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry; 36 (3) 425-429, 18 ref. AB: Extraction of protein from 2 pistachio sources (Kerman and Turkish) was performed with different solvents. The results showed the max. amount of protein extracted with 0.5M NaCl solution. The other solvents in sequential extraction, e.g. H2O, 60% (v/v) tert-butyl alcohol, and 0.1M sodium borate (pH 10) 1% (w/v) SDS/1% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), extracted little or no protein. The Kjeldahl data indicated that 66% of the total protein was globulin (NaCl soluble) while albumins (H2O soluble), glutelins (sodium borate soluble), and prolamins (tert-butyl alcohol soluble), resp., contributed 25, 7, and 2% of the total protein. Fractionation of the protein by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing showed that 3 of the 4 solubility fractions had complex polypeptide compositions with mol. wt. of 12-68 kdalton. However. the protein profiles of all fractions were very similar except for the alcohol extract which did not produce any distinct bands. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses revealed about 100 protein spots when the meal was extracted directly with 6M urea and 1% 2-ME. The 2 pistachio sources showed similar polypeptide patterns. *LHM: IROST is subscribing to this journal ORDER NOW mailto:library1@irost.com Record 898 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 88-02-J0112 TI: Methyl bromide fumigation treatments for pistachio nuts to decrease residues and control navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). AU: Hartsell-PL; Nelson-HD; Tebbets-JC; Vail-PV PY: 1986 SO: Journal-of-Economic-Entomology; 79 (5) 1299-1306, 9 ref. AB: Fumigation of inshell pistachio nuts, Pistacia vera Kerman, with 32 g/m-3 methyl bromide (MB) at 15.5 degree C for 24 h and 16 or 24 g/m-3 MB at 26.6 degree C for 24 h resulted in greater than 98.5% mortality of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella. Inshell pistachio nuts fumigated 3x with MB using the approved schedule of 56 g/m-3 for 24 h at greater than or equal 15.5 degree C had inorganic bromide residues above the US tolerance of 200 p.p.m. Pistachios fumigated repeatedly with 16, 24, or 32 g/m-3 MB for 24 h at 15.5 degree C or 8, 16, or 24 g/m-3 MB for 24 h at 26.6 degree C had residues well below the tolerance. Organic and inorganic residues were higher in nuts fumigated at 15.5 degree C than at 26.6 degree C. Sorption of MB by the nuts was not significantly different at the 2 temp. By the end of 13 days, desorption of MB by the nuts caused organic bromide residues to decrease below 0.50 p.p.m. for all treatments used. Record 899 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 87-02-J0105 TI: Relation of early splitting and tattering of pistachio nuts to aflatoxin in the orchard. AU: Sommer-NF; Buchanan-JR; Fortlage-RJ PY: 1986 SO: Phytopathology-; 76 (7) 692-694, 13 ref. AB: Pistachio nuts that split abnormally to expose the kernels were prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus and contamination with aflatoxin. The incidence of aflatoxin was more frequent if the nuts were also infested by the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella). Nuts with tattered hulls found at the end of harvest as the hull tissues became senescent, were subject to infestation by navel orangeworm moths, and aflatoxin developed. Aflatoxin accumulated in tattered nuts with or without insect infestation but with a higher frequency in the former. Record 900 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 86-07-V0248 TI: Method of hulling pistachio nuts. AU: Volk-J Sr PY: 1985 SO: United-States-Patent-Reissue DT: Patent AB: A pistachio huller is described, in which projections push the nuts into narrow slots. This action causes rupture and abrading of the hulls. [From En summ.] Record 901 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 85-10-J0115 TI: Effects of gamma irradiation on the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins of Iranian pistachio kernels. AU: Kashani-GG; Valadon-LRG PY: 1984 SO: Journal-of-Food-Technology; 19 (5) 631-638, 30 ref. AB: The effect of 2 levels of gamma irradiation 0.05 Mrad (for controlling insect pests) and 1 Mrad (for controlling fungi and bacteria) on lipids, carbohydrates and proteins of Iranian pistachio kernels, var. Badami, was studied. Neither 0.05, nor 1 Mrad had any significant effect on the various individual simple or complex lipids or their totals or on total available carbohydrates, total free sugars, total starches and dextrins and on the 8 individual free sugars identified. There was no significant effect on total proteins, total free amino acids or on the 17 amino acids either. Of the other parameters investigated, I value and malonaldehyde content were not significantly altered, only peroxide value was slightly increased after 1 Mrad irradiation. So, gamma irradiation at such low levels which successfully controls insects, fungi and bacteria has no deleterious effect on the main food constituents of Iranian pistachio kernels. Record 902 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 85-10-J0067 TI: Effect of salting and roasting on the carbohydrates and proteins of Iranian Pistachio kernels. AU: Kashani-GG; Valadon-LRG PY: 1984 SO: Journal-of-Food-Technology; 19 (2) 247-253, 21 ref. AB: The free sugars which make up 2.7% of Iranian pistachio cv. Badami were identified as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, cellobiose, raffinose and stachyose. Both protein and free amino acids contained the same 17 amino acids but lacked tryptophan, asparagine and glutamine. After salting and roasting, total available carbohydrates, total starches and dextrins, and total free sugars all decreased compared to controls, as did a number of individual sugars, especially reducing sugars. While free amino acids were severely decreased, total protein amino acids and individual protein amino acids were not affected at all. The decreases in reducing sugars and free amino acids may be due in part to Maillard reactions. Record 903 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 85-06-C0026 TI: [Studies on mycotoxins in foods. XVII. Investigation of the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxicols in commercial pistachio nuts, corn and corn flours.] AU: Saito-K; Nishijima-M; Yasuda-K; Kamimura-H; Ibe-A; Nagayama-T; Ushiyama-H; Naoi-Y PY: 1984 SO: Journal-of-the-Food-Hygienic-Society-of-Japan-[Shokuhin-Eiseigaku-Zasshi]; 25 (3) 241-245, 10 ref. AB: Aflatoxins and aflatoxicols (AFL) were analyzed as contaminants in nuts, cereals and their products. Aflatoxin (AF) B group and G group were detected in 7 pistachio nuts and 5 corn flours and among them AF-M group and AFL were simultaneously detected in 6 pistacho nuts. Contents of AF-B,-G,-M and AFL were compared. AF-M1, AF-M2 and AFL I and II were not detected in 2 pistachio nut samples in which other aflatoxins were detected (B1 2.0-4.7 ng/g; B2 0.4-1.3 ng/g; G1 0.6 ng/g; and G2 0.2 ng/g) or in 5 corn flours in which other aflatoxins were detected (B1 11.1-33.6 ng/g; and B2 5.3-9.9 ng/g). However, AF-M1 was detected at 1.8-39.3 ng/g and AFL-I at 3.2-26.3 ng/g in 5 pistachio nut samples in which other aflatoxins were detected (B1 47.1-800 ng/g; B2 6.3-180 ng/g; G1 trace-51.4 ng/g; and G2 trace-16.3 ng/g). AFL I and II from pistachio nuts were identified by being developed by several solvent systems; fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were measured on a silica gel 60 plate after development with ethyl ether, spots were scraped from the plate and eluted with chloroform, then fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were measured again in chloroform; acetate derivatives were prepared. Record 904 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 85-02-J0044 TI: Apparatus for hulling pistachio nuts. AU: Volk-J Sr PY: 1984 SO: United-States-Patent DT: Patent AB: In a pistachio huller a means with projections pushes unhulled nuts between its surface and a surface having slots, the slots being narrower than the pistachio nuts to be hulled. The projections protude into the slots and the hulls are ruptured and abraded, and the nuts hulled. Record 905 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 84-07-J1196 TI: Effect of salting and roasting on the lipids of Iranian pistachio kernels. AU: Kashani-GG; Valadon-LRG PY: 1983 SO: Journal-of-Food-Technology; 18 (4) 461-467, 22 ref. AB: The simple lipids comprising 95% of the total lipids of Iranian pistachio kernels were identified as sterols and their esters, mono-, di- and triglycerides, and free fatty acids, while the complex lipids were sterolglycosides, mono- and digalactosyldiglycerides, cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, -ethanolamine, -serine and -inositol, sphingolipid and phosphatidic acid. After salting and roasting, there was an increase in free fatty acids and in phosphatidic acid. Total fatty acids made up of C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:0 were not significantly altered after roasting, nor was I value or malonaldehyde content. Peroxide value was increased. Record 906 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-08-J1155 TI: Method of hulling pistachio nuts. AU: Volk-J Sr PY: 1982 SO: United-States-Patent DT: Patent AB: A pistachio huller is described where a means with projections pushes unhulled nuts between the surface with projections and the surface of a means having slots, the slots being narrower than the pistachio nuts to be hulled. The projections protrude into the slots and the hulls are ruptured and abraded through contact between the 2 surfaces, and the nuts are hulled. Record 907 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-07-J1101 TI: [Improvement of the hygienic state of green pistachio splits by ionizing radiation.] Die Verbesserung des hygienischen Zustandes von gruenen Pistaziensplittern mit ionisierenden Strahlen. AU: Zehnder-HJ; Hartmann-A PY: 1982 SO: Alimenta-; 21 (2) 31-34, 5 ref. AB: Effects of radiation treatment on sanitary and sensory properties of pistachio chips (used in pistachio ice cream) were investigated. Samples were irradiated with 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 kGy, packed or vacuum-packed in polyethylene bags, at 0 degree , -20 degree or less than -20 degree C. Tabulated results showed that total aerobes were reduced from 10 400/g to 6600 by 1.0 kGy, and to 90/g by 1.5 kGy, but sensory properties were adversely affected even by the lowest radiation level in vacuum-packed frozen samples. The adverse effects were enhanced by higher radiation levels and temp., but rancidity developed in all samples. The effect was attributed to the high levels of oleic and linoleic acid (mean contents 70 and 20% resp.). Record 908 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-07-J1020 TI: Effect of processing on some chemical constituents of pistachio nuts. AU: Luh-BS; Wong-WS; El-Shimi-NE PY: 1982 SO: Journal-of-Food-Quality; 5 (1) 33-41, 11 ref. AB: The effect of processing on changes in fatty acids, sugars and amino acids in pistachio nuts during blanching, drying and roasting was monitored. Blanching in hot water led to some loss in fatty acids, sugars and amino acids. Roasting further decreased the availability of the constituents. The magnitude of loss of the constituents was in the following order: blanching greater than roasting greater than drying. The composition profile of each of the constituents was analysed. There was variation in the distribution of fatty acids among the raw and processed nuts. Unsaturated fatty acids were more susceptible to changes during processing. The combined loss of oleic and linoleic acids amounted to 22.29% of that present in the raw nuts. Fructose, glucose, sucrose and raffinose were shown to be present in the nuts. Loss of sucrose was higher than that of monosaccharides during processing. Glutamic acid, leucine and proline comprised a total of 70.36% of the amino acids present, and blanching, drying and roasting caused losses in the availability of these amino acids. The loss in various components in the nuts deserves more attention. Record 909 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-07-J1019 TI: Studies related to the description and evaluation of pistachio nut quality. AU: Kader-AA; Heintz-CM; Labavitch-JM; Rae-HL PY: 1982 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science; 107 (5) 812-816, 12 ref. AB: Chemical composition and sensory attributes of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) were studied in relation to genotype, production area, maturity, moisture content, degree of shell staining, and storage conditions. 'Kerman' kernels were rated higher in firmness and sweetness, and lower in crispness, bitterness, and rancidity than those of the 'Red Aleppo', 'Trabonela', and 'Bronte' cv. Differences in composition and flavour of 'Kerman' pistachios harvested from 3 production areas were small. Nuts harvested at near optimum maturity were superior in quality to those harvested earlier or later. Drying nuts to 4-6% moisture level resulted in the best quality. Shell staining did not influence eating quality of kernels but detrimentally affected shell appearance. Dried pistachio nuts can be kept for 12 months at 20 degree C. Moisture content influenced crispness and firmness while total sugars content was related to sweetness and overall flavour intensity. Record 910 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-06-J0853 TI: Design and development of an automatic electro-optical sorter for removing BGY fluorescent pistachio nuts. AU: Farsaie-A; McClure-WF; Monroe-RJ PY: 1981 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 24 (5) 1372-1375, 9 ref. AB: An automatic sorting machine was designed using the optical index log10 I 490/I 420 for dividing pistachio nuts into 4 fluorescence categories: bright-greening yellow (BGY), bright yellow (BY), normal (N) and purple (P). Data recorded from model composite samples revealed significant differences between the dual-wavelength sorting signals from each of the 4 fluorescence categories. The sorter had an accuracy of 94% for removing BGY with only 2% of the other nuts misclassified. Optimum feeding rate was 18 nuts/s (which is comparable to the performance of commercial colour sorters). Use of an excitation source at 420 nm would improve emission efficiency. [From En summ.] Record 911 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 83-03-J0386 TI: Anthocyanin pigment in the pistachio nut. AU: Miniati-E PY: 1981 SO: Fitoterapia-; 52 (6) 267-271, 16 ref. AB: In India the whole pistachio nut (Pistacia vera) is eaten (including husks) in a salted form. This study determined anthocyanin pigments in husks by paper chromatography. TLC, and spectrophotometry. chemical characterization of the fractionated pigment was also performed. The major anthocyanin found was cyanidin-3-O-beta-galactoside. Record 912 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 82-05-J0699 TI: Volatile components of roasted pistachio-nut. AU: Soliman-MMA; Osman-F; El-Sawy-AA PY: 1981 SO: Agricultural-and-Biological-Chemistry; 45 (9) 2123-2125, 6 ref. AB: Pistachio nuts were roasted at 200-220 degree C for20-30 min, finely ground, and extracted with acetone to yield 150 g oil from 515 g ground roasted nut. Aroma volatiles were isolated from the acetone extract by vacuum CO2 distillation; yield of aroma concentrate was, from 100 g acetone extract, 0.546 g (concentrate had powerful roasted pistachio nut aroma). 0.500 g aroma concentrate was divided into basic (0.293 g) and neutral/acidic fractions, and composition was studied by gas chromatography. Identity was confirmed by MS and retention times of authentic compounds. The basic fraction had a strong nutty flavour; 6 compounds were identified, of which 2,5-dimethylpyrazine was by far the major constituent (93% of total peak area), other components being other pyrazines and pyrroles. The neutral/acidic fraction had a sweet roast flavour; 11 components were identified, being chiefly 2-furfural, 2-hexenal, ethanol, other aldehydes, and furfuryl alcohol and acetic acid. Record 913 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 81-06-J0927 TI: Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for detection of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AU: Haghighi-B; Thorpe-C; Pohland-AE; Barnett-R PY: 1981 SO: Journal-of-Chromatography; 206 (1) 101-108, 16 ref. AB: A very sensitive method is described for detection of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. The method uses the extraction procedure used in the BF method [see AOAC Official Methods of Analysis Ed. 12 (1975) 26.020-26.024] followed by an acid alumina column clean-up to remove sample components which would otherwise interfere in the final detn. step. Quantitation of aflatoxins is by HPLC on a C18 reversed-phase column after conversion of aflatoxins B1 and G1 to their more fluorescent derivatives B2a and G2a. Detection limit was 0.5 mug/kg. The chromatograms were free of interfering peaks and multiple injections showed excellent reproducibility. 9 samples of pistachio nuts (one with no added aflatoxins, 6 to which aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were each added at levels ranging from 0.5 to 18.0 mug/kg, and 2 naturally contaminated samples) were cleaned-up by the described procedure, and aflatoxins determined by TLC and by HPLC; recovery of total aflatoxins was 60-67% and 57-78%, resp. No loss of aflatoxins was caused by the alumina column clean-up step. Record 914 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 81-05-J0833 TI: Toxic aspergilli from pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi-H; Rabie-CJ; Luebben-A; Steyn-M; Danesh-D PY: 1979 SO: Mycopathologia-; 67 (2) 123-127, 21 ref. AB: Pistachio nut samples taken during various stages of development from orchards in Iran, showed that contamination with fungi occurred mainly during the later stages of nut development. Members of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium occurred most frequently. Of the Aspergilli, the spp. A. niger, A. flavus and A. fischeri var. spinosus occurred most frequently, followed by A. terreus, A. tamarii and A. nidulans. 22 isolates comprising 13 spp. were tested for toxicity to ducklings. Isolates of known toxic fungi included A. flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. versicolor, A. nidulans and A. terreus. The toxicity of A. fischeri var. spinosus is reported. Chemical analysis showed that all isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus produced aflatoxin B1, the isolates of A. versicolor and A. nidulans produced sterigmatocystin while the toxic isolate of A. ochraceus did not produce ochratoxins. Record 915 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 81-02-J0220 TI: Dual-wavelength fiber optic photometer measures fluorescence of aflatoxin contaminated pistachio nuts. AU: McClure-WF; Farsaie-A PY: 1980 SO: Transactions-of-the-ASAE; 23 (1) 204-207, 9 ref. AB: The dual-wavelength fibre-optic fluorescence photometer was tested by measuring the sorting index k log10 (I490/I420) of 300 purple, normal and bright yellow (PNBY) and 300 bright-greenish-yellow (BGY) nuts from each of three 50 kg lots (a total of 1800 nuts). Min. errors of classification for test data were achieved for arbitrary discrimination values ('cuts') at 0.18, 0.19, 0.21 and 0.19 for lots 1, 2, 3 and combined lot resp., with total classification errors of 20.4, 15.4, 4.0 and 13.9% resp. The performance of the photometer was based on the assumption that visual classification was correct. The dual-wavelength fluorescence photometer is currently being incorporated into an automatic sorting machine, which may show a correlation between the amount of BGY and aflatoxin concn. Record 916 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-10-J1523 TI: Correlation between Aspergillus flavus infection, fungicide activities and pistachio nut aflatoxicosis. (In 'Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Microbiology' [see FSTA (1980) 12 10B73].) AU: Danesh-D; Mojtahedi-H; Haghighi-B; Suzangar-M; Barnett-R PY: undated SO: p. 169 DT: Lecture AB: Iranian pistachio nuts were experimentally harvested in 1975 and 1976; 7 and 6% resp. were infected with A. flavus, and of these 9.4 and 10% contained aflatoxin (1.5-50 ng/g). Freshly harvested ripe nuts were sprayed with an A. flavus spore suspension (10-6 spores/ml), dried, then sprayed with Benlate (0.1%) or Orthocide (0.2%), and incubated at 25 degree C 95% RH. The fungicides delayed aflatoxin production by 4 and 2 days, resp. Record 917 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-10-J1522 TI: Improbability of Iranian storage humidity being the principle cause of aflatoxin contamination of pistachio nuts. (In 'Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Microbiology' [see FSTA (1980) 12 10B73].) AU: Haghighi-B; Mojtahedi-H; Danesh-D; Suzangar-M; Emami-A; Barnett-R PY: undated SO: p. 169 DT: Lecture AB: The max. RH during commercial storage of pistachio nuts, in the principle export area of Iran, is 80% for 1 h and 60-70% for 66 h. This communication reports the location in the nut and the rate of aflatoxin contamination at various temp. (20, 27, 42 degree C) and RH (75, 85, 95, 100%). RH was controlled by different salt solutions, aflatoxin was analysed by the BF method and microbiological contamination was determined by plating on salt malt agar. At 100% RH and 20 degree C, aflatoxin could be identified first in the outer green shell at 2 days which increased to a constant amount thereafter. Aflatoxin, however, was detected only after 4 days in the inner hard shell and kernel of whole nuts and continued to increase throughout the 10 day observation period. When commercially dehulled nuts were incubated at 75, 85 and 95% RH the nuts were completely hydrated at 11, 14 and 19% moisture, resp. at a min. time of 3 days where the incubation temp. was 42 degree C. No aflatoxin was produced at 75% RH at any temp., whereas at 85 and 95% RH aflatoxin appeared in a min. of 10 days and 1 day, resp. Taking into consideration laboratory rates, times, temp. effects and RH for aflatoxin contamination of pistachio nuts, it is concluded that aflatoxin production, under the conditions where 50% of Iranian export storage occurs, is improbable because of insufficient time in a too low RH even at extremely high levels (10-6/ml) of aflatoxin producing A. flavus contamination. Record 918 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-10-J1521 TI: Secondary and subsequent post-harvest mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts. (In 'Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Microbiology' [see FSTA (1980) 12 10B73].) AU: Mojtahedi-H; Danesh-D; Haghighi-B; Barnett-R PY: undated SO: p. 169 DT: Lecture AB: Previous experiments showed initial contamination of pistachio nuts with Aspergillus flavus to occur on the trees following ripening and before harvest. Also aflatoxin content of the nuts was dependent on rainfall during the postripening period. As part of the processing, a 2nd stage of aflatoxin contamination was considered likely during commercial nut water washing. The purpose of this communication was to evaluate this possibility and to laboratory infest with A. flavus commercial hulled and dehulled nuts to compare microbiological aflatoxin contamination rates at various storage times and humidities. It was found that the wash water could be a surface fungal source of contamination with no detectable aflatoxin production under the usual commercial conditions of low environmental humidity and immediate patio sun-drying. This was confirmed by laboratory A. flavus spore contamination of commercially hulled and dehulled nuts incubated at 25, 65 and 100% RH - corresponding to the usual, the max. and the raining field humidity resp. in the growing and processing area. Despite 100% A. flavus spore contamination of the nuts at all humidities, there was no detectable aflatoxin at 25 or 65% RH even after 4 months incubation. Only at 100% RH was increasing aflatoxin noted. This confirms previous field reports and suggestions for the reason of the yearly fluctuation in Iranian commercial pistachio aflatoxin contamination rate which was directly correlated with the amount of rainfall in the growing area after ripening and before harvest. Record 919 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-09-J1228 TI: Design and development of an automatic electro-optical sorter for removing bright greenish-yellow fluorescent pistachio nuts. AU: Farsaie-A PY: 1979 SO: Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-B; 40 (4) 1805: Order no. 79-23047, 86pp. AB: The opto-electronic system of the sorter was designed to measure the fluorescence of nuts passing through the sorting head at 2 wavelengths, 490 and 420 nm, and to compute the sorting index (I490-I420). 3 channels were arranged at 120 degree C apart around the sorting head. Either of the 3 channels sensing bright greenish-yellow pistachio nuts could activate the sorting valve, which would 'blase' the bright greenish-yellow nut from its trajectory. The performance of the sorter was evaluated by sorting greater than 380 kg of pistachio nuts. Accuracy of the sorter was found to exceed 94% in removing bright-greenish-yellow nuts and 98% in accepting the other nuts. Record 920 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-08-J1143 TI: Correlation between climatic data and aflatoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Danesh-D; Mojtahedi-H; Barnett-R; Campbell-A PY: 1979 SO: Phytopathology-; 69 (7) 715-716, 6 ref. AB: Aflatoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts imported into the USA has varied widely from yr to yr. Data are presented, with statistical analyses, for each yr from 1970 to 1974, showing the % shipments into the USA rejected (max. 76.9 in 1970, min. 0.1 in 1972) together with climatic data from Iran of rainfall, RH, temp., wind conditions for the whole yr and separately for the period Aug. end of Nov. Correlations were observed between % rejections and rainfall during Aug.-Nov., and possibly with wind conditions. During this time ripened nuts awaiting harvesting remain on the trees; the outer integuments split and render the nuts open to entry of airborne spores of Aspergillus flavus. However, germination and growth occur only during periods of actual rainfall (min. RH required is about 82%). Record 921 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-08-J1142 TI: [Aflatoxins in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts.] Aflatoxine in Paranuessen und Pistazien. AU: Woller-R; Majerus-P PY: 1979 SO: Lebensmittelchemie-und-Gerichtliche-Chemie; 33 (6) 115-116, 7 ref. AB: TLC studies on aflatoxins in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts are described. Studies on 135 samples of Brazil nuts (not sorted into mouldy and non-mouldy kernels) showed 78 to be free of aflatoxins, 29 to contain less than5 mug aflatoxin B1/kg and 28 to contain higher aflatoxin concn. (less than8000 mug/kg). Of 135 samples of non-mouldy nuts, only 1 contained aflatoxin (7 mug aflatoxin B1/kg). Of 27 samples of mouldy Brazil nuts, 1 contained less than 5 mug aflatoxin B1/kg; the rest had higher aflatoxin concn., less than47 000 mug aflatoxin B1/kg and less than103 000 mug total aflatoxin/kg. Of a total of 140 pistachio nut samples studied, 73 were free from aflatoxins, 40 had aflatoxin concn. less than 5 mug/kg, and 27 had aflatoxin concn. above this value (less than35 mug aflatoxin B1/kg). Of pistachio nuts from food shops, 16.7% contained aflatoxins (less than3.8 mug aflatoxin B1/kg, less than5.7 mug total aflatoxins/kg); of samples from butcher's shops (used in various meat products) 50% contained aflatoxins (less than22 mug aflatoxin B1/kg, less than45 mug total aflatoxin/kg). Record 922 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-07-J1081 TI: Postharvest pathology and mycotoxin contamination of Iranian pistachio nuts. AU: Mojtahedi-H; Danesh-D; Haghighi-B; Barnett-R PY: 1978 SO: Phytopathology-; 68 (12) 1800-1804, 10 ref. AB: Large variations between different yr have been found in the incidence of aflatoxines B1 and B2 (AF) in Iranian pistachio nuts. Aspergillus flavus infection increases with % open nuts; ripened nuts are 75-90% open and may remain on trees for 3 months before harvesting. Unripened, unopened nuts damaged by insects may also be contaminated. Further work is reported on the effects of processing and storage. Processing includes mechanical dehulling, washing in water and sun drying at RH 14-23% or hot air drying. Asp. flavus spores accumulated in the wash water (originally free) and increased the surface contamination of the nuts; air contamination was also higher in the premises than in outside air round the trees. Nevertheless, given immediate drying no AF was produced after 4 months at low RH. Surface sterilization of nuts with NaOCl had no effect on previous internal contamination in the field (considered to be the major factor) or on production of AF. Nuts infected by immersion in water containing 10-6 Asp. flavus spores/ml were stored at 20-25 degree C and RH of 25%, 65% and 100%. At 25% RH no AF was detected after 4 months: at 65% contamination was either nil or some early infection with no further increase. At 100% RH all nuts became contaminated, AF appeared after 6 days and increased progressively. The water content of nuts declines during ripening and AF formation is probably limited to periods of very high RH e.g. during rain. Record 923 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 80-07-J0960 TI: Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in pistachio nuts prior to harvest. AU: Thomson-SV; Mehdy-MC PY: 1978 SO: Phytopathology-; 68 (8) 1112-1114, 11 ref. AB: Pistachio nuts were sampled periodically from California orchards prior to harvest to determine when Aspergillus flavus infected the developing nuts and if aflatoxins were present. Aspergillus flavus was not isolated from nuts in July and from only 0.3% of the nuts in August. However, 11.8% of the nuts were infected at harvest time (15 Sept.). The increased infection was correlated with the exposure of the nutmeat as the endocarp (shell) and often the mesocarp (hull) were split during maturation. At harvest, 28% of the insect-damaged nuts were infected with A. flavus compared to only 6% of the nondamaged nuts. When tested for synthesis of aflatoxin, 70% of the A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxin B1. However, aflatoxins were not detected in 29 samples of pistachio nuts. Record 924 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 79-10-J1773 TI: [The pistachio.] AU: Pomini-L PY: 1978 SO: Rivista-Italiana-Essenze,-Profumi,-Piante-Officinali,-Aromi,-Saponi,-Cosmetici,-Aerosol; 60 (12) 659-661, 29 ref. AB: History, botanical characteristics, cultivation, harvesting and diseases, composition, organoleptic quality and uses (pharmaceutical and culinary) of Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) are described. Record 925 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 79-09-C0538 TI: Suggestions on prevention of aflatoxin formation in pistachio nuts. AU: Denizel-T PY: 1977 SO: Archives-de-l'Institut-Pasteur-de-Tunis; 54 (3/4) 433-440, 25 ref. DT: Lecture AB: Studies on contamination of pistachio nuts with Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins were conducted at harvest and during drying and processing. The results show that nuts were generally not contaminated with Asp. flavus unless the shell was split; contamination with Asp. flavus started when the nuts were on the trees. In storage, presence of hulls on nuts speeded mould proliferation. Aflatoxin was detected after 48 h in nuts with split shells, vs. 10 days for non-split nuts. Presence of the hull on non-split nuts reduced the period before aflatoxin detn. to 6 days under the same storage conditions. Current pistachio nut storage and handling procedures are critically discussed. A procedure is recommended based on rapid drying to less than7.5% moisture after hull removal, separation and early marketing of split nuts, and fumigation, etc. of dehulled nuts to minimize insect damage. Centralization of storage is also recommended. [See FSTA (1979) 11 9C478.] Record 926 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 79-08-J1405 TI: Quality of pistachio nuts as affected by time of harvest. AU: Crane-JC PY: 1978 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science; 103 (3) 332-333, 1 ref. AB: Kernel dry wt. and crude fat accumulation, as well as shell adhiscence and change in shell colour, all indicated that the nut of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is physiologically mature at the time the hull separates easily from the shell. Harvesting prior to or after that critical point resulted in undeveloped kernels or in stained and unattractive shells, resp. The data indicate that nuts of highest quality may be obtained by harvesting within a period of about 1 wk. Record 927 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 79-03-J0452 TI: Development of indices for sorting Iranian pistachio nuts according to fluorescence. AU: Farsaie-A; McClure-WF; Monroe-RJ PY: 1978 SO: Journal-of-Food-Science; 43 (5) 1550-1552, 4 ref. AB: Study of the excitation and emission spectra of Iranian pistachio nuts was made in order to develop an index for sorting aflatoxin-contaminated nuts. The method is based on previous work which discovered that nuts emitting bright-greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescence under long-wave UV light had a high probability of aflatoxin contamination. 6 different indices were tested: I490, I490/I470, I490/I420 with excitation at 360 nm; and I490, I490/I450, I490/I550 with excitation at 420 nm (I = fluorescence intensity at indicated wavelengths). Tests clearly indicated that BGY fluorescent nuts can be separated from other nuts by electronic methods. Record 928 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 79-02-J0215 TI: A comparative study on aflatoxin and chemical composition of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) AU: Karbassi-A; Luh-BS PY: 1978 SO: International-Congress-of-Food-Science-&-Technology-Abstracts; p.95 DT: Lecture AB: Effects of roasting at 170 degree C for 8 min on a granular salt bed on aflatoxin contamination and chemical composition of pistachio nut samples were studied. 25% of roasted kernels (2.91% moisture) and 53% of unroasted ones (9.8% moisture) were contaminated by Aspergillus flavus. It was concluded that water activities in the nuts and in the environment during storage and storage temp. are important factors affecting the growth of A. flavus. After roasting and packaging in moisture-proof airtight containers, there was no more microbial contamination. [See FSTA (1979) 11 2A60.] Record 929 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 78-12-J1884 TI: Contamination of pistachio nuts with aflatoxins while on the trees and in storage. AU: Emami-A; Suzangar-M; Barnett-R PY: 1977 SO: Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych; No. 189, 135-140, 10 ref. DT: Lecture AB: 3 types of pistachio nuts at 2 locations in Iran were sampled on the tree at various stages of development and after 3 months of storage after harvest. No samples were contaminated before ripening. 30% of trees producing round type nuts at Isfahan were contaminated during ripening; % contamination did not increase during storage but level of aflatoxin increased 4x to 28 mug/kg despite moisture content during storage of 5.3%. 11% of trees producing almond-shaped Badami nuts, and 22% producing round-type nuts at Rafsenjan were contaminated after ripening; aflatoxin levels in the nuts were 1-4 and 1-2 mug/kg, resp. It was concluded that aflatoxin contamination of pistachio nuts is not a storage problem, and that nuts should be sprayed with fungicide during ripening. [See FSTA (1978) 12C454.] Record 930 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 78-12-J1883 TI: A field study of the mycoflora of the major pistachio-producing area of Turkey in relation to potential aflatoxin-producing organisms. AU: Denizel-T PY: 1977 SO: Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych; No. 189, 47-53, 19 ref. DT: Lecture AB: Samples were taken of soils, immature and mature pistachio nuts, nuts in storage, storage room and drying site debris, and nuts at dehulling, at Gaziantep, Turkey, and examined for presence of Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. Results are tabulated for each lot of samples. Immature endosperm of nuts was free of fungal contamination; mature nuts were externally contaminated with A. niger, A. flavus and A. ochraceus; nuts in storage were heavily contaminated with A. niger, and Penicillium spp.; nuts after dehulling were free of contamination. Stored nuts were examined for aflatoxin content; none was detected despite visible mould damage. A total of 186 isolates of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. were screened for aflatoxin production; 20 isolates, all A. flavus, produced aflatoxin. Dehulling of nuts seems to remove contamination, but conditions of transport and storage probably lead to re-contamination. [See FSTA (1978) 12C454.] Record 931 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 78-08-N0399 TI: The structure of the glycerides of pistachio kernel oil. AU: Daneshrad-A PY: 1978 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society; 55 (3) 317-319, 20 ref. AB: Pistachio kernel oil was analysed by separating the triglycerides according to their degree of unsaturation by TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with silver nitrate. The total fatty acids and the fatty acid on position 2 of each individual triglyceride were determined. The distribution of oleic acid on the different positions of triglycerides varied according to the unsaturation of these glycerides. Oleic acid in the case of the less unsaturated triglycerides was located in the 2-position, and, as the degree of unsaturation increased due to linolenic or linoleic acids, it tended to be on external positions. Linoleic and linolenic acids usually are esterified in the middle position. Record 932 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 78-06-U0500 TI: Brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, and other foods and feeds. Availability of guidelines. CA: United States of America, Food & Drug Administration PY: 1978 SO: Federal-Register; 43 (11, Jan. 17) 2444-2445 AB: Confirmation of aflatoxin B1 by chemical derivative has, without exception since 1964, been corroborated by the chicken embryo bioassay. Thus the chemical test can stand alone as the confirmatory test for aflatoxin for Brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, coconut meal, copra, corn and corn products, and cottonseed meal. Record 933 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 78-02-J0200 TI: Composition of pistachio kernels of various Iranian origins. AU: Kamangar-T; Farsam-H PY: 1977 SO: Journal-of-Food-Science; 42 (4) 1135-1136, 6 ref. AB: In order to establish the composition of pistachio kernels of various Iranian cv., 9 samples from different origins were studied. The amounts of the constituents in 100 g kernel were within the following ranges: moisture 2.5-4.1%; ash 2.2-2.5%; oil 55.2-60.5%; fibre 1.7-2.0%; protein 15.0-21.2%; carbohydrate 14.9-17.7%; Na 4.0-7.0 mg; K 1048-1142 mg; Ca 120-150 mg; P 494.0-514.5 mg; Fe 5.8-11.4 mg; Cu 1.0-1.4 mg; and Mg 157.5-165.0 mg. The differences in values of different samples were not appreciable except for Na. Data for all 9 cv. are tabulated. Record 934 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-08-J1167 TI: Effects of four rootstocks on yield and quality of pistachio nuts. AU: Crane-JC; Forde-HI PY: 1976 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science; 101 (5) 604-606, 7 ref. AB: During the first 5 yr of production, significantly greater yields of pistachios were obtained with the 'Kerman' on seedlings identified as Pistacia atlantica Desf. than with 'Kerman' on seedlings of P. palaestina Boiss., P. terebinthus L., or P. vera L. The least productive combination was 'Kerman' on P. vera, the sp. that produces the edible pistachio nut. Wt. per nut, % blank nuts, and % nuts with split shells did not differ significantly among the rootstock combinations. Record 935 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-06-J0867 TI: Chemical composition of the pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) of Kerman, Iran. AU: Shokraii-EH PY: 1977 SO: Journal-of-Food-Science; 42 (1) 244-245, 14 ref. AB: The constituents of Ohadi var. of pistachio nuts from Kerman, Iran, were determined and compared with results for other var. of pistachio. It was found that the general mineral composition of this var. is about the same as that of other var. except for the higher Ca content and the presence of high Na and Mg levels. Comparison of organic constituents also shows a general similarity but it is observed that the fatty acid composition of the oil is quite different, e.g. content of oleic acid is less than in other var. (49.5 vs. 69.6%) whereas palmitic and linoleic acids contents are higher (13.4 vs. 8.2% and 31.8 vs. 19.8%, respectively). Although the amino acid composition is somewhat similar, it was observed that arginine, lysine and cystine contents are greater than literature values for other var. Record 936 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-04-J0615 TI: Carbohydrate levels in the pistachio as related to alternate bearing. AU: Crane-JC; Catlin-PB; Al-Shalan-I PY: 1976 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science; 101 (4) 371-374, 26 ref. AB: Carbohydrate levels in nuts, bark and wood of pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) were investigated to determine their relationship to the bud abscission phenomenon observed on heavily fruiting branches. At the time of abscission, sugars in the nuts accumulated to a peak of approx 370 mg/g dry wt., and were then converted rapidly to fats. Sucrose was the major sugar fraction at all times, concn. varying from 42-317 mg/g dry wt. over the study period. Record 937 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-03-J0483 TI: Moisture-equilibrium relative humidity relationships in pistachio nuts with particular regard to control of aflatoxin formation. AU: Denizel-T; Rolfe-EJ; Jarvis-B PY: 1976 SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture; 27 (11) 1027-1034, 14 ref. AB: Adsorption and desorption isotherms were determined both manometrically and by wt. equilibration for Turkish pistachio nut kernel, shell and hull. Comparison of the calculated and experimentally determined adsorption isotherms for whole nuts showed good correlation. Nuts inoculated with Aspergillus flavus conidia were equilibrated to various equilibrium RH (ERH) levels and stored in controlled environment cabinets at 28 degree C. Competitive growth of xerophilic strains of Asp. amstelodami prevented growth and aflatoxin production by the Asp. flavus at ERH of 86% and below. At 88% ERH, marked aflatoxin production occurred but competition was observed between Asp. flavus and Asp. niger. In sealed containers, metabolic moisture from growth of Asp. amstelodami raised the ERH from the initial 85% and permitted toxin production by Asp. flavus. The results are discussed in relation to post-harvest handling and storage of pistachio nuts. Record 938 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-03-J0482 TI: A field survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut production and storage in Turkey with particular reference to aflatoxin contamination. AU: Denizel-T; Jarvis-B; Rolfe-EJ PY: 1976 SO: Journal-of-the-Science-of-Food-and-Agriculture; 27 (11) 1021-1026, 28 ref. AB: A field study of soils and pistachio nuts in 3 major pistachio-growing areas of Turkey was undertaken. The predominant soil fungus isolated from all 3 areas was Aspergillus niger; isolates of Fusarium, Trichoderma, Mucor and Rhizopus species were also common. Asp. flavus and Asp. ochraceus and related organisms were isolated only from the plateau of Gaziantep. The dominant external mycoflora of the immature nuts from all sites consisted of Asp. niger, Asp. flavus and Penicillium spp. There was no evidence for fungal contamination of immature endosperms nor of freshly dehulled nuts, but stored dehulled nuts and dust samples taken from warehouses were extensively contaminated with Asp. flavus, Asp. niger and Asp. ochraceus. Of 43 Asp. flavus isolates tested, 20 produced aflatoxins on laboratory media or on rice; all 11 isolates of Asp. ochraceus tested produced ochratoxin A on laboratory media. The results obtained are discussed in relation to agricultural and marketing practices for Turkish pistachio nuts. Record 939 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-02-J0221 TI: Aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin contamination of pistachio nuts in orchards. AU: Sommer-NF; Buchanan-JR; Fortlage-RJ PY: 1976 SO: Applied-and-Environmental-Microbiology; 32 (1) 64-67, 13 ref. AB: Aspergillus flavus and Asp. versicolor were both shown to be weak pathogens of developing pistachio fruits, producing aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin, respectively. Aflatoxin concn. approached those reported in cereal and legume seeds. Fungus lesions on the fruit hulls were followed by invasion of seeds despite the sclerified shell. Infections and mycotoxins present before harvest would presumably lead to further build-up after harvest if drying was slow or storage was under high humidity. Record 940 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 77-02-J0167 TI: Fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera) kernels. AU: Clarke-JA; Brar-GS; Procopiou-J PY: 1976 SO: Qualitas-Plantarum-Plant-Foods-for-Human-Nutrition; 25 (3/4) 219-225, 11 ref. AB: The fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of dried pistachio kernels was determined. On a dry wt. basis they contained about 55% oil. The unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic constituted about 80% of this oil. Carbohydrate analysis of a hydrolysed sample showed the predominant sugar to be glucose followed by galactose and mannose with traces of fucose, arabinose and xylose. The total amino acid content was about 25% by wt. 9 essential amino acids were present with only cystine in a limiting amount and with a high level of lysine. Record 941 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 76-12-J2004 TI: Separation of blank pistachio nuts by mechanical harvesting. AU: Crane-JC; Dunning-JJ PY: 1975 SO: California-Agriculture; 29 (11) 6-7 AB: Most US growers harvest pistachois by vigorously shaking the tree with a mechanical device, which usually removes almost 100% of the nuts. Unlike most fruit and nuts, which drop from the tree shortly after embryo abortion occurs, aborted (blank) pistachio nuts remain on the tree and grow to about the same size as nuts containing fully developed embryos. Blank production by the Kerman cultivar in California has averaged about 25% over a 6-yr period. 10 yr old Kerman trees were harvested at the earliest time possible using a boom-shaker operating with moderate force. The nuts were shaken onto canvas, put into containers, and the remaining nuts were stripped off by hand. Data indicate that the % of the total crop removed by boom-shaking was closely related to the total % of blank nuts produced/tree. An average of about 75% of the blank nuts remained on the tree after boom-shaking, thus separating at least a major portion from the fully develop nuts. Record 942 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 76-05-N0198 TI: Characteristics of pistachio kernel oils from Iranian cultivars. AU: Kamangar-T; Farrohi-F; Mehran-M PY: 1975 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society; 52 (12) 512-513, 13 ref. AB: 10 pistachio samples from various Iranian cultivars were examined for some botanical features of their nuts and oil characteristics of their kernels. The wt. of 100 nuts varied from 78.5 to 136.9 g. The nuts contained 44.1-58.9% kernel. Moisture of the kernels was low, 2.5-4.1%, and the kernels contained 55.2-60.5% oil. Unsaponifiable matter (0.72-0.96%), saponification value (189.0-193.6), refractive index (1.4635-1.4643), and I value (98.1-100.5) showed little differences in various samples. Fatty acids detectable by gas chromatographic analysis were: traces of myristic; 9.2-13.4% palmitic; 0.5-1.1% stearic; traces of arachidic; 0.5-1.0% palmitoleic; 56.1-64.0% oleic; 22.6-31.0% linoleic; and 0.1-0.4% linolenic. There were no significant differences due to origin and/or cultivar of the samples. Record 943 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 76-04-J0609 TI: Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin. AU: Dickens-JW; Welty-RE PY: 1975 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Oil-Chemists'-Society; 52 (11) 448-450, 8 ref. AB: Bright greenish-yellow fluorescence under long wave UV light was observed on the shells of 7% of the nuts in samples from 46 aflatoxin contaminated commercial lots of Iranian pistachio nuts. Kernels from the fluorescent nuts contained 50% of the aflatoxin in the samples. No aflatoxin was found in any of the shells. When kernels and shells were cultured, toxicogenic fungi grew from only 4% of the shells and 21% of the kernels from fluorescent nuts and from 9% of the shells and 15% of the kernels from nonfluorescent nuts. Record 944 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 75-02-J0213 TI: Collaborative study comparing two methods for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AU: DiProssimo-V PY: 1974 SO: Journal-of-the-Association-of-Official-Analytical-Chemists; 57 (5) 1114-1120, 8 ref. AB: Two official first action methods for the detn. of aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut products, method I (26.015-26.020) and method III (26.026-26.030), were modified slightly for the analysis of pistachio nuts. 13 collaborators analysed naturally contaminated in-shell pistachio nuts, aflatoxin-free pistachio nuts, and pistachio nut composites spiked with known amounts of aflatoxins. The extraction and cleanup in method III are relatively simple and require no chromatography, whereas the lengthier method I employs column chromatography, producing a cleaner TLC extract. On the basis of the collaborative results obtained, both methods have been adopted as official first action for the determination of aflatoxins in in-shell pistachio nuts. Record 945 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 74-11-J1626 TI: Physical and chemical changes associated with growth of the pistachio nut. AU: Crane-JC; Al-Shalan-IM PY: 1974 SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science; 99 (1) 87-89, 17 ref. AB: Markedly different curves of growth of the pistachio nut were obtained when increases in cross-diam., fresh wt. and dry wt. were plotted. The dry wt. data indicated that carbohydrates are not involved in abscission of inflorescence buds and resulting alternate bearing, as previously reported. The predominant sugar in the kernel was sucrose, followed in decreasing order by glucose, fructose, and inositol (a sugar alcohol). Total sugars reached a peak of 43.3% of the dry wt. early in development of the kernel, but then decreased to 7% at nut maturity. Concomitantly, crude fat increased from a low of 3.2% early in kernel development to a max. of 40.1% at maturity. Record 946 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 74-08-N0383 TI: [Study of pistachio oil (Pistacia vera L.).] AU: Danechrad-A PY: 1974 SO: Oleagineux-; 29 (3) 153-154, 8 ref. AB: The characteristic shape and the composition of the most commonly grown Iranian pistachio nut, P. vera L. are described. Mean contents are: oil, 56.5-57%; protein, 20-20.5%; ash, 2.4-2.5%. Oil contains 0.54% unsaponifiables consisting of 92.7% sterols (beta-sitosterol, 85%; Delta-7-stigmastenol, 11%; and campesterol, 4%), tocopherols, 5.2%; and triterpenic alcohols 2.1%. Fatty acid composition is: oleic acid, 67.9%; linoleic acid, 17.0%; palmitic acid, 11.7%; stearic acid, 1.6%; C14 and C20, 0.1% each; palmitoleic acid, 1.2% and C20:1, 0.4%. Record 947 of 947 in FSTA Retrospective 1969-1989 AN: 73-09-N0515 TI: [Composition of almond, pistachio and cashew oils.] Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fetten Oele von Mandel-, Pistazien- und Cashew-Samen. AU: Seidemann-J PY: 1973 SO: Seifen-Oele-Fette-Wachse-; 99 (11) 302-304, 11 ref. AB: The morphology and microscopic characteristics of almonds, pistachio nuts and cashew nuts are briefly described, and tables are given of the sp. gr., refractive index, saponification value, ester value, hydroxyl value, I value, thiocyanogen value, acetyl value, acid value, Polenske value, Reichert-Meissl value, and fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter content of almond oil, pistachio nut oil, cashew nut oil and cashew nut shell liquid (often falsely described as cashew nut shell oil). The 3 oils are very similar in composition; eicosanoic acid is, however, present only in cashew oil.